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Abstract Objectives The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a respiratory infection that has spread worldwide and is responsible for a high death toll. Although respiratory symptoms are the most common, there is growing evidence that oral signs of COVID‐19 can also be seen in children. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the available data on the oral manifestations of COVID‐19 in children and to recommend appropriate methods of diagnosis and treatment. Methods A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was done to discover relevant papers published between their establishment and January 2023. Articles detailing oral symptoms in pediatric patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection were included, and data on clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes were extracted and evaluated. Results A total of 24 studies involving 2112 pediatric patients with COVID‐19 were included in the review. The most common presentations are oral lesions, taste and smell disorders, oral candidiasis, hemorrhagic crust, tongue discoloration, lip and tongue fissuring, gingivitis, and salivary gland inflammation. These manifestations were sometimes associated with multi‐system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) or Kawasaki disease (KD). Management strategies varied depending on the severity of the oral manifestation and ranged from symptomatic relief with topical analgesics to systemic medications. Conclusion Oral symptoms of COVID‐19 are relatively prevalent in juvenile patients and can be accompanied by severe systemic diseases, such as MIS‐C or Kawasaki illness. Early detection and adequate care of these oral symptoms are critical for the best patient results. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology and developing targeted treatments requires more investigation.

Abstract Objective This systematic review aimed to investigate the role of the C‐X3‐C motif ligand 1/chemokine receptor 1 C‐X3‐C motif (CX3CL1/CX3CR1) axis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Furthermore, as a secondary objective, we determine whether the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis could be considered complementary to clinical parameters to distinguish between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and/or systemically healthy subjects. Methods The protocol used for this review was registered in OSF (10.17605/OSF.IO/KU8FJ). This study was designed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. Records were identified using different search engines (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science) from August 10, 2006, to September 15, 2023. The observational studies on human subjects diagnosed with periodontitis and RA and/or systemically healthy were selected to analyze CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 biomarkers. The methodological validity of the selected articles was assessed using NIH. Results Six articles were included. Biological samples (gingival crevicular fluid [GCF], saliva, gingival tissue biopsies, serum) from 379 subjects (n = 275 exposure group and n = 104 control group) were analyzed. Higher CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 chemokine levels were found in subjects with periodontitis and RA compared with periodontal and systemically healthy subjects. Conclusion Very few studies highlight the role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis; however, increased levels of these chemokines are observed in different biological samples (GCF, gingival tissue, saliva, and serum) from subjects with periodontitis and RA compared with their healthy controls. Future studies should focus on long‐term follow‐up of subjects and monitoring changes in cytokine levels before and after periodontal therapy to deduce an appropriate interval in health and disease conditions.

Abstract Background The complex wound healing process involves activating and synchronizing intracellular, intercellular, and extracellular components. Adipose tissue is attracting attention to promote wound healing. Within subcutaneous adipose tissue, stromal vascular cells and their subsets release growth factors and cytokines critical for neovascularization and wound repair. Objectives This study evaluated human placental collagen/adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) hydrogel for wound healing in rats. Methods In this study, ADSCs were harvested, cultured, and mixed with placental collagen. Twelve rats were used, and their backs were excised three times each. Group one received collagen/ADSCs, group two collagen, and group three non‐filled (control) excisions. The healing processes were assessed by histological analysis, taking photographs, and calculating the percentage of wound contraction in mentioned times. Results Histopathological analysis revealed that the content of fibroblasts, follicles of the hair, and angiogenesis in group one was significantly more than in other groups. Group one had a significant result compared with the collagen and control groups. In group one, significant wound healing and wound contraction were observed with 52% and 80% wound contraction at 7 and 14 days, respectively. Conclusion Collagen/ADSCs can be considered a suitable candidate hydrogel in wound healing with a high potential for enhancing wound repairing.

Abstract Oligodontia or absence of teeth such as the Canines is rare and is often accompanied with several other missing teeth. This condition may also be accompanied with morphological and growth related changes in the teeth and the maxillofacial complex. Complete agenesis of the permanent canines in the maxilla and the mandible is extremely rare and occurs in association with syndromic oligodontia. Non‐syndromic absence of canines however, is extremely rare and has only been reported twice. Studies have shown that the incidence of missing canines is more in females. This report describes a sporadic case of congenital absence of maxillary and mandibular bilateral canines. The patient reported to the clinic with a chief complaint of crowding and wanted alignment. On intra‐oral examination it was observed that the patient had all permanent canines missing with no prior history of extractions, crowding in both the arches and class I molars on both sides. With no other symptoms fixed orthodontic therapy was planned for the patient with premolars substituted for the canines.