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High-impact practices (HIPs) are educational modalities that focus on experiential and deep learning to affect student success in higher education, particularly among students matriculating from historically underserved communities. HIPs are designed to provide students with the intellectual and practical skills to succeed in an increasingly unstable global world beyond college. Utilizing a private-public partnership forensic archeological contract project, this paper examines how this venture employed a HIP-based contractor model that hired students as a professional archeological field crew and provided them with a living wage, transportation, and room and board. It also provided students without the means to participate in international fieldwork with the wherewithal to do so, supporting underserved students and diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) initiatives. Utilizing this HIP-based contract model resulted in greater student investment and collaboration in a fieldwork situation more akin to the real world, where students learned to solve problems, communicate, and network in an international setting, resulting in new opportunities, such as professional jobs, and academic projects and publications. The paid contractor model ensured students with limited resources could participate, broadening the type of student who can receive this type of training, expanding diversity in forensic anthropology. These models are not limited to forensic archeological fieldwork; they can also be applied to forensic anthropology laboratory projects. Utilizing HIPs and employing a more equitable contractor model contributes to student professionalization, strengthens professional prospects beyond the university, and contributes to DEIB initiatives, all of which benefit forensic anthropology as a subdiscipline.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Cultural Evolution Society for funding this workshop. Additional costs were covered by funds made available by the Danish Agency for Higher Education and Science (project COMPARCH, Grant Number 1113-00015B). David N. Matzig and Felix Riede's contributions are part of CLIOARCH, an ERC Consolidator Grant project funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 817564). Mercedes Okumura's research is funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Grant No. 2018/23282-5). Astolfo G. M. Araujo's research is funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Grant No. 2019/18664-9). Renata P. Araujo's research is funded by a doctoral grant from Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Grant No. 142353/2019-1). Alice Leplongeon's research is funded by a postdoctoral grant from the Research Foundation in Flanders (FWO #12U9220N). José R. Rabuñal is supported by Margarita Salas fellowship (MARSALAS21-22) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities, the European Union-Next Generation EU and the University of Alicante. The authors also thank the Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies for hosting all participants during this event.

The Cyrenaica was the region in North Africa located between Roman Egypt and Tripolitania, today part of Libya. It is cut off towards the north and west by the Mediterranean Sea, and towards the east and south by the Sahara desert. Keywords: agriculture; Christianity; class; inscriptions; Judaism; Late Antiquity; migration; Roman history; tribes and clans

Craniovascular traits in the endocranium (traces of middle meningeal vessels and dural venous sinuses, emissary foramina) provide evidence of vascular anatomy in osteological samples. We investigate the craniovascular variation in four South American samples and the effect of artificial cranial modifications (ACM). CT scans of human adult crania from four archeological samples from southern South America (including skulls with ACM) are used for the analyses. The craniovascular features in the four samples are described, skulls with and without ACM are compared, and additionally, South Americans are compared to a previously analyzed sample of Europeans. Of the four South American samples, the Southern Patagonian differs the most, showing the most distinct cranial dimensions, no ACM, and larger diameters of the emissary foramina. Unlike previous studies, we did not find any major differences in craniovascular features between modified and non-modified skulls, except that the skulls with ACM present somewhat smaller foramina. South Americans significantly differed from Europeans, especially in the anteroposterior dominance of the middle meningeal artery, in the pattern of sinus confluence, in the occurrence of enlarged occipito-marginal sinuses, and in foramina frequencies and diameters. Craniovascular morphology is not affected by the cranial size, even in skulls with ACM, indicating a minor or null influence of structural topological factors. Concerning the samples from distinct geographic and climatic environments, it must be evaluated whether the craniovascular morphogenesis might be partially influenced by specific functions possibly associated with thermoregulation, intracranial pressure, and the maintenance of intracranial homeostasis.

Since the city's appearance had not reflected its greatness and glory and was constantly plagued by floods and fires, Augustus so wholly remade it that he could justly claim that he found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble. He also made it safe for posterity, as far as humanly possible. (Suet. Aug. 28). Keywords: arts and architecture; Augustan Age; city; historical geography; Roman history

Incorporating archaeology within the ecosystem services (ES) framework can offer decision-makers lessons from the past and a broader sustainability perspective. Given the claimed archaeology-ES link, the island of Sardinia (Italy) offers an unparalleled opportunity where a unique archaeological heritage occurs in an area of high biodiversity value. More than 5000 nuraghi, megalithic edifices distinctive of the Nuragic civilization (1700-580 BCE), are still present on the island. By crossing the map of Vegetation Series (VS) with nuraghi occurrences, we aimed at acquiring a long-term perspective on the interactions between Nuragic people and the vegetation as ES provider, so as to enrich our understanding of the past and the present, and potentially inform future practice for the region of Sardinia. A VS is here intended as a hypothesis of a succession of plant communities that can potentially succeed each other over time in a particular land unit. The vegetation-derived ES represented a driving force in the land occupation strategies of the Nuragic people, who preferred, for their settlements, the mesophiluos cork oak VS and secondary the deciduous broad-leaved ones, which, with fresh climatic conditions on fertile substrates and gentle slopes on effusive magmatic rocks, can provide land for grazing and agriculture. Conversely, the Nuragic land occupation strategies shaped the VS, transforming the landscape into agro-silvo-pastoral systems. Our results suggest that the origin of the present agro-silvo-pastoral landscapes (i.e. Pascolo arborato/Dehesa) in Sardinia could be traced back to the Nuragic civilization. The interaction between humans and vegetation in Sardinia is ancient, reciprocal and dynamic. This interaction is crucial for the survival of the present agro-silvo-pastoral landscapes that represent important suppliers of provisioning, regulating and cultural ES. Among others, these landscapes are a good example of intimate and sustainable relationships between people and nature and provide a marked sense of place and identity for Sardinia inhabitants. This transdisciplinary approach linking plant ecology with archaeology offered archaeology a better understanding of the environmental settings and subsistence of the Nuragic civilization and provided plant ecology with a long-term perspective on human-vegetation interactions. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

This contribution focuses on a 1928 multiauthor paper reporting the discovery of a child's skull at Devil's Tower cave on the Rock of Gibraltar. It was ground-breaking. Two of the lead authors, Dorothy Garrod and Dorothea Bate, were women, and it was one of the earliest reports of a fossil hominin to incorporate and integrate detailed information about its stratigraphic and environmental context.

1. To understand time-­lag dynamics in the response of biodiversity to contem- porary environmental changes (e.g. macroclimate warming and atmospheric pollution), we need to consider former anthropogenic forcing factors such as past land uses and management practices that can have both compounding and confounding effects. This is especially true in European temperate forests, where legacies from past human activities have left strong imprints on today’s understorey plant species composition, generating long-­term lagging effects which can be mistakenly attributed to more recent macro-­environmental changes. 2. By combining the expertise of plant, soil and historical ecologists together with remote sensing scientists, we review the potential of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to unveil ghosts from the past in terms of former land uses and manage- ment practices. 3. We show that imprints from past land uses and management practices can still be captured today through well-­chosen LiDAR-­derived variables describing, at sub-­decimetre scale, the vertical and horizontal micro-­variations of vegetation and terrain structure hidden below treetops. 4. Synthesis. We encourage plant and soil ecologists to use LiDAR data and to work with historians, archaeologists and remote sensing scientists in order to select meaningful LiDAR-­derived variables to account for time-­lagged biotic responses to long-­term macro-­environmental changes.

Spring systems are efficient and fast precipitating non‐marine carbonate factories, but they are also prone to (early) diagenesis. Evidence of diagenesis in travertines remains controversial as the resulting textures have been considered primary in other deposits and the impact on geochemical/palaeo‐environmental signals is often poorly addressed. This study revisits the Y‐10 core, taken in 1967 at one of the upper terraces of Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park (USA). The travertine depositional facies in the upper 50 m of the core show a general distal to proximal facies trend upwards. To unravel the nature, impact and timing of early diagenesis, fabrics and geochemical signatures are also compared to modern hot spring carbonates. Secondary ion mass spectrometry and detailed microscopy proved powerful in determining the stable isotope signature of different cement generations, thereby detangling the fluid history. Diagenesis starts during spring activity, but these warm waters not only precipitate CaCO3 at the top, they also seem to have circulated through the porous spring fabrics below. It resulted in coarsening and homogenization of the primary textures through neomorphism of aragonite and calcite cementation, often resulting in new intracrystalline microporosity within the calcite crystals. Subsequent circulation of meteoric fluids led to dissolution and cementation, particularly near the top of the core. Careful interpretation of U/Th dates suggests that travertine deposition started at the beginning of the Holocene/end Pleistocene. Calculated depositional (precipitation) rates vary between 2 and 20 mm/year, assuming a constant rate between samples at different depths. Aragonite deposits are completely transformed to calcite below depths of 5–10 m, corresponding to a time span of 4,000 years. Core and petrography observations, together with dating, suggest that travertine strata below marine sandstones in the lower part of the core may relate to fault displacement after the onset of travertine deposition.

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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The classic models of cuesta evolution in south-eastern Brazil have temporal gaps in their denudation chronology. Here, we analyzed the colluvial deposits located on the rim of the Serra Geral escarpments in the Paraná Basin to propose a model with an absolute age range of minor landform evolution within this cuesta morphology. Correlation of the optically stimulated luminescence ages with the regional paleoclimatic conditions demonstrates that the successive phases of colluviation reflect either short-term intervals of variability in moisture availability or dry periods in the Holocene. The potential effects of other contributing factors (vegetation changes, local geomorphic settings and human activity) add complexity to the denudation responsible for the development of the investigated geomorphic chronosequences. The proposed model consists of five stages of hillslope sediment remobilization that were responsible for further remodeling of the minor vertical steps during the following chronological distribution: (i) 9.13 ± 1.2–7.09 ± 0.96 ka; (ii) 5.66 ± 0.86–4.5 ± 0.75 ka; (iii) 3.94 ± 0.605–3.45 ± 0.6 ka; (iv) 2.66 ± 0.315–2.3 ± 0.4 ka; and (v) after 1960 to the present day. Department of Geography Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), MG Department of Geography and Environmental Planning São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Department of Geography and Environmental Planning São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP FAPESP: 2012/20513-0 FAPESP: 2013/15830-9

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the following bodies for funding this research: Shell Brazil through the ‘BG05: UoA-UFRGS_SWB Sedimentary Systems’ project at UFRGS, the Aberdeen Formation Evaluation Society and the University of Aberdeen. LAMIR, BGS and EPMA staff are also thanked for their assistance with stable isotope and electron microprobe analysis. Dr Ilse Kamerling and Dr. D. Kemp are thanked for their assistance with pXRF analysis, Marianna Skupinska with collection of point count data and Prof. D. McIlroy is thanked for his assistance during fieldwork. Reviews by Dr C. Pederson, Prof. P. Swart and two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript significantly.

The COVID-19 pandemic offered humanity a portal through which we could break with the past and imagine our world anew. This article reviews how over the course of 2020, a series of intersecting crises at the nexus of racism, settler colonialism, climate change, and sexual harassment have prompted acts of resistance and care in the field of archaeology. Throughout the article, we provide concrete suggestions as to how we can continue the work of movements begun over the course of the past year to improve dynamics within our field and use the lessons from our field to improve life for all people in the world and for our planet. [La pandemia de COVID‐19 ofreció a la humanidad un portal a través del cual podemos romper con el pasado e imaginar nuestro mundo de nuevo. Este artículo revisa cómo sobre el curso de 2020, una serie de crisis que se intersecan en la concatenación de racismo, colonialismo de poblamiento, cambio climático y acoso sexual han incitado actos de resistencia y cuidado en el campo de la arqueología. A lo largo del artículo, proveemos sugerencias concretas en cuanto a cómo podemos continuar el trabajo de los movimientos empezado en el transcurso del año pasado para mejorar la dinámica dentro de nuestro campo y el uso de lecciones de nuestro campo para mejorar la vida de todas las personas en el mundo y de nuestro planeta. [

International audience; While early maps are known from all over the world, the key questions always involve: what exactly do they show? And what spatial extent do they cover? In this context, we recently used 3D-modelling to re-examine a carved stone slab datable to the Early Bronze Age (c.2150–1600 BC) that was found at Saint-Bélec in Brittany. We show that the surface of the slab had been shaped in three dimensions to represent the relief of the surrounding landscape in which it was found, while several engraved motifs on it evoke contemporary structures known archaeologically. We argue that the Saint-Bélec slab represents an area of c.545 km2 corresponding to the extent of a prehistoric political entity. The carving and subsequent burying of the slab can be linked to the postulated rise and fall of hierarchical societies and raises many wider questions about socio-economic structures in temperate Europe at that time.

In the ancient city of Angkor, heavy rainfall was common in the rainy season and rapid rainwater drainage was important for maintaining urban functions. This study focuses on the drainage system of an example of Khmer architecture from the Angkor period, the Pre Rup temple built in the year 961. We analyze the relationship between the drainage capacity and foundation settlement, revealing that the foundation settlement was larger near drainage channels with a low drainage capacity. After showing that only a few of the drainage channels function properly, it is possible to have some certainty on the relationship between the drainage capacity and foundation settlement.

Often associated with the monumental structures of the European Neolithic, megalithic structures are in fact found on almost all the continents of the globe. Far from being an exception, Africa is home to a vast diversity of monuments built with these blocks of up to several tonnes in weight. They can be both included within structures or erected around them, in the form of standing stones. In Africa, megalithic structures have been documented since the sixth millennium bce roughly until the contemporary period. They are recorded from North Africa to Madagascar, and from the Atlantic shores of West Africa to the Sahara and the Horn of Africa. Therefore, they correspond to very diverse cultural contexts and a wide range of uses. In addition to the funerary function often observed, megalithic monuments may also have a commemorative role or stand as territorial markers. African megaliths can be apprehended through different sources, whether they refer to past or present societies. In fact, unlike other regions of the world, modern and contemporary megalithic traditions are attested in Africa. Archaeology thus finds a possibility to broaden its perspectives by initiating a dialogue with ethnographic data.

Porto Selvaggio in southern Italy is where the Uluzzian culture was first identified and documented, providing key insights into the transition from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic. The area has also yielded evidence for continuous occupations by Neanderthals spanning between Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 and 3. Situated in the Natural Regional Park of Porto Selvaggio, different sites were excavated by Borzatti von Löwenstern in the 1960 and 1970s. As one of the initiatives in the research program of the Museo della Preistoria di Nardò, we have revisited the artifact assemblages from these caves. Based on the lithic analysis of production sequences, we document the development of Levallois and laminar methods before MIS 3 when this form of reduction sequence presumably dominated in the region according to the previous research. The review of the lithic assemblages is combined with the contextualization of chronostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental study in the region to consider the possible role that this region had for Neanderthals during unfavorable climatic conditions., Nomos – Servizi per la Cultura del Patrimonio, Ente di Gestione del Parco Naturale Regionale di Portoselvaggio e Palude del Capitano, Municipality of Nardò

Leather objects, found in archaeological excavations, survive in a specific environment. This leather material is very delicate and only little is known about the mechanism of its (bio)degradation in a soil environment. The main goal of this study was to clarify how leather is affected by a soil environment and why archaeological leathers have their typical properties. We tested the influence of the soil (bio)degradation processes on the mechanical properties, colour difference, morphological changes, possible absorption of additional inorganic components from soil and changes of the leather composition. The microbial activity of the soil was also analysed.