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Osteopoikilosis (OP) is a rare autosomal dominant sclerosing bone disease, caused by heterozygous mutations in the LEMD3 gene. It is characterised by numerous focal lamellar bone compact deposits in the spongiosa. In this case report, we describe a famliar case of OP and review the literature., Osteopoikilosis is a benign and asymptomatic disease whose diagnosis is usually an incidental finding during a radiological exam. A correct and precocious diagnosis is important to avoid personal and familiar distress and useless further exams.

Frailty is a broadly investigated geriatric condition, which is characterized by an increased vulnerability to stressors. It represents an extremely relevant public health issue, increasingly conceptualized in a multidimensional perspective. The concept of cognitive reserve (CR), as originally conceptualized by Stern, has been developed in the past decades as a potential factor able to determine individual differences in cognitive vulnerability and trajectories occurring with aging. Our purpose was to provide a comprehensive review of the literature exploring the relationship between CR dimensions, selected according to the Stern model, and frailty status. A review of the literature on the association between potential CR dimensions and frailty was carried out through PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Scopus. CR expressed in terms of education, occupation, premorbid intelligence quotient and leisure time activities was associated with frailty in both cross-sectional and longitudinal observations. The majority of reviewed evidence suggests a potential protective role of CR factors against the onset and the worsening of frailty among older adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive overview regarding the association between CR dimensions and frailty. Education, occupation, premorbid intelligence quotient and leisure time activities are able to interact with the general concept of frailty, rather than simply affecting the cognitive trajectory towards dementia. The lack of a unique and operationalized approach to the assessment of CR, as well as the wide heterogeneity of frailty evaluation tools and criteria, denote some methodological critical issues that need to be overcome. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1005-1023..

Background Low vitamin D serum levels have been associated with unfavourable lipid profile and poorer response to atorvastatin. Aims of this study were to test the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (calcifediol) compared to parental vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on modifications of plasma 25(OH)D levels and lipid profile. Materials and methods Fifty-seven postmenopausal women (aged 59·03 ± 6·73 years) who were at low risk of fracture and with basal plasma 25(OH)D

Aim Heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are each associated with cognitive impairment and disability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of DM on cognitive impairment and functional status in elderly hospitalized patients affected by HF. Methods A total of 79 elderly hospitalized patients with HF were enrolled in the present study. They underwent physical and instrumental examination, and geriatric multidimensional assessment including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Differences between groups were established by t-test, Spearman's correlation coefficient was searched to examine the relation between variables. All results were considered significant if P was