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We establish a theory of $Q$-valued functions minimizing a suitable generalization of the Dirichlet integral. In a second paper the theory will be used to approximate efficiently area minimizing currents $\mathrm{mod}(p)$ when $p=2Q$, and to establish a first general partial regularity theorem for every $p$ in any dimension and codimension., 37 pages. First part of a two-papers work aimed at establishing a first general partial regularity theory for area minimizing currents modulo p, for any p and in any dimension and codimension. v3 is the final version, to appear on Comm. Pure Appl. Math

Amphetamine‐induced neuroadaptations involve vascular damage, neuroinflammation, a hypo‐functioning prefrontal cortex (PFC) as well as cognitive alterations. Brain angiotensin II, through Angiotensin Type 1 receptor (AT1‐R), mediates oxidative/inflammatory responses, promoting endothelial dysfunction, neuronal oxidative damage and glial reactivity. The present work aims to unmask the role of AT1‐R in the development of amphetamine‐induced changes over glial and vascular components within PFC and hippocampus. Attention deficit was evaluated as a behavioral neuroadaptation induced by amphetamine. Brain microvessels were isolated to further evaluate vascular alterations after amphetamine exposure. Male Wistar rats were administered with AT1‐R antagonist, Candesartan, followed by repeated amphetamine. After one week drug‐off period, animals received a saline or amphetamine challenge and were evaluated in behavioral tests. Afterwards, their brains were processed for cresyl violet staining, CD11b (microglia marker), GFAP (astrocyte marker) or von Willebrand factor (vascular marker) immunohistochemistry, and oxidative/cellular stress determinations in brain microvessels. Statistical analysis was performed by using Factorial ANOVA followed by Bonferroni or Tukey tests. Repeated amphetamine administration increased astroglial and microglial markers immunoreactivity, increased apoptotic cells and promoted vascular network rearrangement at the PFC concomitantly with an attention deficit. Although, the amphetamine challenge improved the attentional performance, it triggers detrimental effects probably because of the exacerbated malondialdehyde levels and increased heat shock protein 70 expression in microvessels. All observed amphetamine‐induced alterations were prevented by the AT1‐R blockade. Our results support the AT1‐R involvement in the development of oxidative/inflammatory conditions triggered by amphetamine exposure, affecting cortical areas and increasing vascular susceptibility to future challenges. Fil: Marchese, Natalia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Occhieppo, Victoria Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Basmadjian, Osvaldo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Casarsa, Brenda Solange. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Baiardi, Gustavo Carlos. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Bregonzio Diaz, Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; Argentina