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1. The perspectives of survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma on lung cancer screening: A qualitative study

Author

Dr Rachel Broadbent, Dr Louise Gorman, Professor Christopher J. Armitage, Professor John Radford, and Dr Kim Linton

Subjects
attitudes, benefits, concerns, Hodgkin lymphoma, lung cancer screening, risk, Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Hodgkin lymphoma survivors (HLS) are at excess risk of lung cancer as a consequence of HL treatment. HLS without a heavy smoking history are currently unable to access lung cancer screening (LCS) programmes aimed at ever smokers, and there is an unmet need to develop a targeted LCS programme. In this study we prospectively explored HLS perspectives on a future LCS programme, including motivating factors and potential barriers to participation, with the aim of identifying ways to optimise uptake in a future programme. Methods Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with HLS, aged 18–80 and lymphoma‐free for ≥5 years, selected from a clinical database (ADAPT). Participants provided informed consent. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Despite awareness of other late effects, most participants were unaware of their excess risk of lung cancer. Most were willing to participate in a future LCS programme, citing the potential curability of early‐stage lung cancer and reassurance as motivating factors, whilst prior experience of healthcare was a facilitator. Whilst the screening test (a low dose CT scan) was considered acceptable, radiation risk was a concern for some and travel and time off work were potential barriers to participation. Conclusions Our results suggest that most HLS would participate in a future LCS programme, motivated by perceived benefits. Their feedback identified a need to develop educational materials addressing lung cancer risk and concerns about screening, including radiation risk. Such materials could be provided upon an invitation to LCS. Uptake in a future programme may be further optimized by offering flexible screening appointments close to home.

Published
2022
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2. Bringing the forest back: Restoration priorities in Colombia

Author

Williams, BA, Lopez-Cubillos, S, Ochoa-Quintero, JM, Crouzeilles, R, Villa-Pineros, M, Isaacs Cubides, PJ, Schmoeller, M, Marin, W, Tedesco, A, Bastos, D, Suarez-Castro, AF, Romero Jimenez, LH, Broadbent, EN, Almeyda Zambrano, AM, Vincent, JR, Yi, Y, Chazdon, RL, Watson, JEM, Urbano, EAN, Rodriguez, CAC, Beyer, HL, Williams, BA, Lopez-Cubillos, S, Ochoa-Quintero, JM, Crouzeilles, R, Villa-Pineros, M, Isaacs Cubides, PJ, Schmoeller, M, Marin, W, Tedesco, A, Bastos, D, Suarez-Castro, AF, Romero Jimenez, LH, Broadbent, EN, Almeyda Zambrano, AM, Vincent, JR, Yi, Y, Chazdon, RL, Watson, JEM, Urbano, EAN, Rodriguez, CAC, and Beyer, HL

Abstract

Aim: Colombia has committed to ambitious forest restoration targets which include a 1 million ha Bonn Challenge commitment and 6.47–8.31 million ha (rehabilitation and restoration, respectively) under the National Restoration Plan. Determining where and how to implement programs to achieve these targets remains a significant challenge. Location: Colombia. Methods: We adopt a multi‐objective optimisation framework for restoration planning and apply it to Colombia. We explore cost‐effective solutions that leverage the potential for assisted natural regeneration benefits while accounting for opportunity and establishment costs of restoration and maximising biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation benefits. We explore four politically relevant restoration area‐based targets (1, 6, 6.47 and 8.31 million ha) and identify minimum cost, and suites of maximum benefit and cost‐effective solutions. Results: We identify solutions that simultaneously perform well across biodiversity and carbon objectives, despite trade‐offs between these objectives. We find that cost‐effective solutions can achieve on average 91.1%, 90.8%, 90.5% and 90.1% of maximum carbon benefit and 100% of the maximum biodiversity benefit while significantly reducing costs. On average, the cost‐effective solutions reduce the cost by 87.5%, 56.8%, 59.6% and 46.2% compared to the maximum benefit solutions considering one, six, 6.47 and 8.31 million ha restoration targets, respectively. Main Conclusions: Colombia has committed to bold restoration and conservation targets, such as those under the new 2030 Convention on Biological Diversity Global Biodiversity Framework. Strategic forest restoration planning will play an important role in achieving Colombia's biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation goals. We provide quantitative evidence to inform planning for environmentally and economically sensible restoration policy and practice in the country. Our framework and results can help guide C

Published
2024

3. Climate change disrupts the seasonal coupling of plant and soil microbial nutrient cycling in an alpine ecosystem

Author

Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Newbold, Lindsay K., Pritchard, William J., Michas, Antonios, Goodall, Tim, Cordero, Irene, Giunta, Andrew, Snell, Helen S.K., Pepper, Violette V.L.H., Grant, Helen K., Soto Arrojo, David X., Kaufmann, Ruediger, Schloter, Michael, Griffiths, Robert I., Bahn, Michael, Bardgett, Richard D., Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Newbold, Lindsay K., Pritchard, William J., Michas, Antonios, Goodall, Tim, Cordero, Irene, Giunta, Andrew, Snell, Helen S.K., Pepper, Violette V.L.H., Grant, Helen K., Soto Arrojo, David X., Kaufmann, Ruediger, Schloter, Michael, Griffiths, Robert I., Bahn, Michael, and Bardgett, Richard D.

Abstract

The seasonal coupling of plant and soil microbial nutrient demands is crucial for efficient ecosystem nutrient cycling and plant production, especially in strongly seasonal alpine ecosystems. Yet, how these seasonal nutrient cycling processes are modified by climate change and what the consequences are for nutrient loss and retention in alpine ecosystems remain unclear. Here, we explored how two pervasive climate change factors, reduced snow cover and shrub expansion, interactively modify the seasonal coupling of plant and soil microbial nitrogen (N) cycling in alpine grasslands, which are warming at double the rate of the global average. We found that the combination of reduced snow cover and shrub expansion disrupted the seasonal coupling of plant and soil N-cycling, with pronounced effects in spring (shortly after snow melt) and autumn (at the onset of plant senescence). In combination, both climate change factors decreased plant organic N-uptake by 70% and 82%, soil microbial biomass N by 19% and 38% and increased soil denitrifier abundances by 253% and 136% in spring and autumn, respectively. Shrub expansion also individually modified the seasonality of soil microbial community composition and stoichiometry towards more N-limited conditions and slower nutrient cycling in spring and autumn. In winter, snow removal markedly reduced the fungal:bacterial biomass ratio, soil N pools and shifted bacterial community composition. Taken together, our findings suggest that interactions between climate change factors can disrupt the temporal coupling of plant and soil microbial N-cycling processes in alpine grasslands. This could diminish the capacity of these globally widespread alpine ecosystems to retain N and support plant productivity under future climate change.

Published
2024

4. In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle‐Mediated Metastasis Using a Bright, Red‐Shifted Bioluminescent Reporter Protein

Author

Gloria I. Perez, David Broadbent, Ahmed A. Zarea, Benedikt Dolgikh, Matthew P. Bernard, Alicia Withrow, Amelia McGill, Victoria Toomajian, Lukose K. Thampy, Jack Harkema, Joel R. Walker, Thomas A. Kirkland, Michael H. Bachmann, Jens Schmidt, and Masamitsu Kanada

Subjects
autophagy, biodistribution, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, m/lEVs, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Cancer cells produce heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mediators of intercellular communication. This study focuses on a novel method to image EV subtypes and their biodistribution in vivo. A red‐shifted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) EV reporter is developed, called PalmReNL, which allows for highly sensitive EV tracking in vitro and in vivo. PalmReNL enables the authors to study the common surface molecules across EV subtypes that determine EV organotropism and their functional differences in cancer progression. Regardless of injection routes, whether retro‐orbital or intraperitoneal, PalmReNL positive EVs, isolated from murine mammary carcinoma cells, localized to the lungs. The early appearance of metastatic foci in the lungs of mammary tumor‐bearing mice following multiple intraperitoneal injections of the medium and large EV (m/lEV)‐enriched fraction derived from mammary carcinoma cells is demonstrated. In addition, the results presented here show that tumor cell‐derived m/lEVs act on distant tissues through upregulating LC3 expression within the lung.

Published
2022
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5. Bringing the forest back: Restoration priorities in Colombia

Author

Williams, Brooke A., primary, López‐Cubillos, Sofía, additional, Ochoa‐Quintero, Jose Manuel, additional, Crouzeilles, Renato, additional, Villa‐Piñeros, Marcelo, additional, Isaacs Cubides, Paola Johanna, additional, Schmoeller, Marina, additional, Marin, Wilmer, additional, Tedesco, Anazelia, additional, Bastos, Diego, additional, Suárez‐Castro, Andrés Felipe, additional, Romero Jiménez, Luis Hernando, additional, Broadbent, Eben N., additional, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., additional, Vincent, Jeffrey R., additional, Yi, Yuanyuan, additional, Chazdon, Robin L., additional, Watson, James E. M., additional, Urbano, Elkin Alexi Noguera, additional, Rodriguez, Cristian Alexander Cruz, additional, and Beyer, Hawthorne L., additional

Published
2024
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7. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author

Bouchard, Elise, primary, Searle, Eric B., additional, Drapeau, Pierre, additional, Liang, Jingjing, additional, Gamarra, Javier G. P., additional, Abegg, Meinrad, additional, Alberti, Giorgio, additional, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, additional, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, additional, Alves, Luciana F., additional, Avitabile, Valerio, additional, Aymard, Gerardo, additional, Bastin, Jean‐François, additional, Birnbaum, Philippe, additional, Bongers, Frans, additional, Bouriaud, Olivier, additional, Brancalion, Pedro, additional, Broadbent, Eben, additional, Bussotti, Filippo, additional, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, additional, Češljar, Goran, additional, Chisholm, Chelsea, additional, Cienciala, Emil, additional, Clark, Connie J., additional, Corral‐Rivas, José Javier, additional, Crowther, Thomas W., additional, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, additional, Decuyper, Mathieu, additional, de Gasper, André L., additional, de‐Miguel, Sergio, additional, Derroire, Géraldine, additional, DeVries, Ben, additional, Djordjević, Ilija, additional, Van Do, Tran, additional, Dolezal, Jiri, additional, Fayle, Tom M., additional, Fridman, Jonas, additional, Frizzera, Lorenzo, additional, Gianelle, Damiano, additional, Hemp, Andreas, additional, Hérault, Bruno, additional, Herold, Martin, additional, Imai, Nobuo, additional, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., additional, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Kepfer‐Rojas, Sebastian, additional, Keppel, Gunnar, additional, Khan, Mohammed Latif, additional, Kim, Hyun Seok, additional, Korjus, Henn, additional, Kraxner, Florian, additional, Laarmann, Diana, additional, Lewis, Simon, additional, Lu, Huicui, additional, Maitner, Brian S., additional, Marcon, Eric, additional, Marshall, Andrew R., additional, Mukul, Sharif A., additional, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, additional, Nava‐Miranda, María Guadalupe, additional, Parfenova, Elena I., additional, Park, Minjee, additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Pfautsch, Sebastian, additional, Phillips, Oliver L., additional, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., additional, Piotto, Daniel, additional, Poulsen, John R., additional, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, additional, Pretzsch, Hans, additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Rodeghiero, Mirco, additional, Rolim, Samir, additional, Rovero, Francesco, additional, Saikia, Purabi, additional, Salas‐Eljatib, Christian, additional, Schall, Peter, additional, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, additional, Schöngart, Jochen, additional, Šebeň, Vladimír, additional, Sist, Plinio, additional, Slik, Ferry, additional, Souza, Alexandre F., additional, Stereńczak, Krzysztof, additional, Svoboda, Miroslav, additional, Tchebakova, Nadezhda M., additional, ter Steege, Hans, additional, Tikhonova, Elena V., additional, Usoltsev, Vladimir A., additional, Valladares, Fernando, additional, Viana, Helder, additional, Vibrans, Alexander C., additional, Wang, Hua‐Feng, additional, Westerlund, Bertil, additional, Wiser, Susan K., additional, Wittmann, Florian, additional, Wortel, Verginia, additional, Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, additional, Zhou, Mo, additional, Zhu, Zhi‐Xin, additional, Zo‐Bi, Irié C., additional, and Paquette, Alain, additional

Published
2023
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9. Time Evolution of the Surface Urban Heat Island

Author

I. D. Stewart, E. S. Krayenhoff, J. A. Voogt, J. A. Lachapelle, M. A. Allen, and A. M. Broadbent

Subjects
urban heat island, diurnal temperature cycle, urban climate models, thermal remote sensing, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Atmospheric and surface urban heat islands (UHI) originate from common energetic processes, but the status of scientific knowledge on their time evolution is highly disparate. The diurnal cycles of atmospheric UHI are well known based on years of continuous measurements in cities; the cycles of surface UHI, however, cannot be measured continuously or in situ. In this article, we aim to reconcile these differences. We begin with a synthesis of previous work on the diurnal evolution of surface UHI, which leads to a novel but historically minded approach to the research problem. The approach involves a combination of microscale and mesoscale urban climate models, each of which is forced with universally described urban and rural surface parameters and atmospheric profiles. With these models, we produce theoretical time‐temperature curves for the surface UHI that are comparable to the classic curves of atmospheric UHI. This work prompts a critical look at the use of satellite thermal imagery to assess heat islands and heat risks in cities. To that end, we recommend new and more functional definitions of surface temperature. Conceptually, these represent “incomplete” temperatures defined by specific facets of the urban environment.

Published
2021
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12. End‐of‐life care: A retrospective cohort study of older people who died within 48 hours of presentation to the emergency department

Author

Sweeny, Amy L, primary, Alsaba, Nemat, additional, Grealish, Laurie, additional, May, Katya, additional, Huang, Ya‐Ling, additional, Ranse, Jamie, additional, Denny, Kerina J, additional, Lukin, Bill, additional, Broadbent, Andrew, additional, Burrows, Erin, additional, Ranse, Kristen, additional, Sunny, Linda, additional, Khatri, Meghna, additional, and Crilly, Julia, additional

Published
2023
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14. Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands

Author

Risch, Anita C., Zimmermann, Stephan, Schütz, Martin, Fay, Philip A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Broadbent, Arthur A. D., Caldeira, Maria C., Davies, Kendi F., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Hagedorn, Frank, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lembrechts, Jonas J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Seabloom, Eric W., Silveira, Maria L., Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, and Ochoa-Hueso, Raul

Subjects
CLIMATE, Chemistry, HERBIVORE EXCLUSION, Global and Planetary Change, MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON, Ecology, Economics, MICROBIAL RESPIRATION, SOIL PROPERTIES, ANTHROPOGENIC MANAGEMENT, NUTRIENT ADDITION, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based. Paper Citation: Risch Anita C., Zimmermann, Stefan, Schütz, Martin, Borer, Elizabeth T., Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Caldeira, Maria C., Davies, Kendi F., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Hagedorn, Frank, Knops, Johannes M.H., Lembrechts, Jonas, J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Seabloom, Eric W., Silveira, Maria L., Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, Ochoa-Hueso, Raul (accepted). Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands. Global Ecology and Biogeography Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile. The microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ; mg CO2-C mg MBC-1 h-1), defined as the amount of microbial CO2 respired (MR; mg CO2-C kg soil-1 h-1) per unit of microbial biomass C (MBC; mg C kg soil-1), is a key parameter for understanding the microbial regulation of the carbon (C) cycle, including soil C sequestration. Here, we experimentally tested hypotheses about the individual and interactive effects of multiple nutrient addition (NPK+micronutrients) and herbivore exclusion on MR, MBC, and MMQ across 23 sites (5 continents). Our sites encompassed a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions, thus we assessed which edaphoclimatic variables affected MMQ the most and how they interacted with our treatments. Soils were collected in plots with established experimental treatments. MR was assessed in a five-week laboratory incubation without glucose addition, MBC via substrate-induced respiration. MMQ was calculated as MR/MBC and corrected for soil temperatures (MMQsoil). Using LMMs and SEMs, we analysed how edaphoclimatic characteristics and treatments interactively affected MMQsoil. MMQsoil was higher in locations with higher mean annual temperature, lower water holding capacity, and soil organic C concentration, but did not respond to our treatments across sites as neither MR nor MBC changed. We attributed this relative homeostasis to our treatments to the modulating influence of edaphoclimatic variables. For example, herbivore exclusion, regardless of fertilization, led to greater MMQsoil only at sites with lower soil organic C (-1.7%). Our results pinpoint the main variables related to MMQsoil across grasslands and emphasize the importance of the local edaphoclimatic conditions in controlling the response of the C cycle to anthropogenic stressors. By testing hypotheses about MMQsoil across global edaphoclimatic gradients, this work also helps to align the conflicting results of prior studies.

Published
2023

17. Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

Author

Hordijk, Iris, primary, Maynard, Daniel S., additional, Hart, Simon P., additional, Lidong, Mo, additional, ter Steege, Hans, additional, Liang, Jingjing, additional, de‐Miguel, Sergio, additional, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Abegg, Meinrad, additional, Adou Yao, C. Yves, additional, Alberti, Giorgio, additional, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., additional, Alvarado, Braulio V., additional, Esteban, Alvarez‐Davila, additional, Alvarez‐Loayza, Patricia, additional, Alves, Luciana F., additional, Ammer, Christian, additional, Antón‐Fernández, Clara, additional, Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro, additional, Arroyo, Luzmila, additional, Avitabile, Valerio, additional, Aymard C, Gerardo A., additional, Baker, Timothy, additional, Bałazy, Radomir, additional, Banki, Olaf, additional, Barroso, Jorcely, additional, Bastian, Meredith L., additional, Bastin, Jean‐Francois, additional, Birigazzi, Luca, additional, Birnbaum, Philippe, additional, Bitariho, Robert, additional, Boeckx, Pascal, additional, Bongers, Frans, additional, Bouriaud, Olivier, additional, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., additional, Brandl, Susanne, additional, Brienen, Roel, additional, Broadbent, Eben N., additional, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, Bussotti, Filippo, additional, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, additional, César, Ricardo G., additional, Cesljar, Goran, additional, Chazdon, Robin, additional, Chen, Han Y. H., additional, Chisholm, Chelsea, additional, Cienciala, Emil, additional, Clark, Connie J., additional, Clark, David B., additional, Colletta, Gabriel, additional, Coomes, David, additional, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, additional, Corral‐Rivas, Jose J., additional, Crim, Philip, additional, Cumming, Jonathan, additional, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, additional, de Gasper, André L., additional, Decuyper, Mathieu, additional, Derroire, Géraldine, additional, DeVries, Ben, additional, Djordjevic, Ilija, additional, Iêda, Amaral, additional, Dourdain, Aurélie, additional, Nestor Laurier, Engone Obiang, additional, Enquist, Brian, additional, Eyre, Teresa, additional, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, additional, Fayle, Tom M., additional, Ferreira, Leandro V., additional, Feldpausch, Ted R., additional, Finér, Leena, additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, Fletcher, Christine, additional, Frizzera, Lorenzo, additional, Gamarra, Javier G. P., additional, Gianelle, Damiano, additional, Glick, Henry B., additional, Harris, David, additional, Hector, Andrew, additional, Hemp, Andreas, additional, Hengeveld, Geerten, additional, Hérault, Bruno, additional, Herbohn, John, additional, Hillers, Annika, additional, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., additional, Hui, Cang, additional, Cho, Hyunkook, additional, Ibanez, Thomas, additional, Bin Jung, Il, additional, Imai, Nobuo, additional, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., additional, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, additional, Johanssen, Vivian, additional, Joly, Carlos A., additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Karminov, Viktor, additional, Kartawinata, Kuswata, additional, Kearsley, Elizabeth, additional, Kenfack, David, additional, Kennard, Deborah, additional, Kepfer‐Rojas, Sebastian, additional, Keppel, Gunnar, additional, Khan, Mohammed Latif, additional, Killeen, Timothy, additional, Kim, Hyun Seok, additional, Kitayama, Kanehiro, additional, Köhl, Michael, additional, Korjus, Henn, additional, Kraxner, Florian, additional, Laarmann, Diana, additional, Lang, Mait, additional, Lewis, Simon, additional, Lu, Huicui, additional, Lukina, Natalia, additional, Maitner, Brian, additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Marcon, Eric, additional, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, additional, Marimon‐Junior, Ben Hur, additional, Marshall, Andrew Robert, additional, Martin, Emanuel, additional, Martynenko, Olga, additional, Meave, Jorge A., additional, Melo‐Cruz, Omar, additional, Mendoza, Casimiro, additional, Merow, Cory, additional, Miscicki, Stanislaw, additional, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, additional, Moreno, Vanessa, additional, Mukul, Sharif A., additional, Mundhenk, Philip, additional, Nava‐Miranda, Maria G., additional, Neill, David, additional, Neldner, Victor, additional, Nevenic, Radovan, additional, Ngugi, Michael, additional, Niklaus, Pascal A., additional, Oleksyn, Jacek, additional, Ontikov, Petr, additional, Ortiz‐Malavasi, Edgar, additional, Pan, Yude, additional, Paquette, Alain, additional, Parada‐Gutierrez, Alexander, additional, Parfenova, Elena, additional, Park, Minjee, additional, Parren, Marc, additional, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Pfautsch, Sebastian, additional, Phillips, Oliver L., additional, Picard, Nicolas, additional, Piedade, Maria Teresa, additional, Piotto, Daniel, additional, Pitman, Nigel C. A., additional, Polo, Irina, additional, Poorter, Lourens, additional, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, additional, Poulsen, John R., additional, Pretzsch, Hans, additional, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, additional, Restrepo‐Correa, Zorayda, additional, Rodeghiero, Mirco, additional, Rolim, Samir, additional, Roopsind, Anand, additional, Rovero, Francesco, additional, Rutishauser, Ervan, additional, Saikia, Purabi, additional, Salas‐Eljatib, Christian, additional, Schall, Peter, additional, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, additional, Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, additional, Schmid, Bernhard, additional, Schöngart, Jochen, additional, Searle, Eric B., additional, Šebeň, Vladimír, additional, Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., additional, Sheil, Douglas, additional, Shvidenko, Anatoly, additional, Silva‐Espejo, Javier, additional, Silveira, Marcos, additional, Singh, James, additional, Sist, Plinio, additional, Slik, Ferry, additional, Sonké, Bonaventure, additional, Souza, Alexandre F., additional, Stereńczak, Krzysztof, additional, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, additional, Svoboda, Miroslav, additional, Swanepoel, Ben, additional, Targhetta, Natalia, additional, Tchebakova, Nadja, additional, Thomas, Raquel, additional, Tikhonova, Elena, additional, Umunay, Peter, additional, Usoltsev, Vladimir, additional, Valencia, Renato, additional, Valladares, Fernando, additional, van der Plas, Fons, additional, Tran, Do Van, additional, Van Nuland, Michael E., additional, Vasquez Martinez, Rodolfo, additional, Verbeeck, Hans, additional, Viana, Helder, additional, Vibrans, Alexander C., additional, Vieira, Simone, additional, von Gadow, Klaus, additional, Wang, Hua‐Feng, additional, Watson, James, additional, Werner, Gijsbert D. A., additional, Wiser, Susan K., additional, Wittmann, Florian, additional, Wortel, Verginia, additional, Zagt, Roderick, additional, Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, Tomasz, additional, Zhang, Chunyu, additional, Zhao, Xiuhai, additional, Zhou, Mo, additional, Zhu, Zhi‐Xin, additional, Zo‐Bi, Irie Casimir, additional, and Crowther, Thomas W., additional

Published
2023
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19. Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands

Author

Risch, A.C., Zimmermann, S., Schütz, M., Borer, E.T., Broadbent, A.A.D., Caldeira, M.C., Davies, K.F., Eisenhauer, N., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Fay, P.A., Hagedorn, F., Knops, J.M.H., Lembrechts, J.J., MacDougall, A.S., McCulley, R.L., Melbourne, B.A., Moore, J.L., Power, S.A., Seabloom, E.W., Silviera, M.L., Virtanen, R., Yahdjian, L., Ochoa-Hueso, R., Risch, A.C., Zimmermann, S., Schütz, M., Borer, E.T., Broadbent, A.A.D., Caldeira, M.C., Davies, K.F., Eisenhauer, N., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Fay, P.A., Hagedorn, F., Knops, J.M.H., Lembrechts, J.J., MacDougall, A.S., McCulley, R.L., Melbourne, B.A., Moore, J.L., Power, S.A., Seabloom, E.W., Silviera, M.L., Virtanen, R., Yahdjian, L., and Ochoa-Hueso, R.

Abstract

Aim The microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ; mg CO2-C/mg MBC/h), defined as the amount of microbial CO2 respired (MR; mg CO2-C/kg soil/h) per unit of microbial biomass C (MBC; mg C/kg soil), is a key parameter for understanding the microbial regulation of the carbon (C) cycle, including soil C sequestration. Here, we experimentally tested hypotheses about the individual and interactive effects of multiple nutrient addition (nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium + micronutrients) and herbivore exclusion on MR, MBC and MMQ across 23 sites (five continents). Our sites encompassed a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions; thus, we assessed which edaphoclimatic variables affected MMQ the most and how they interacted with our treatments. Location Australia, Asia, Europe, North/South America. Time period 2015–2016. Major taxa Soil microbes. Methods Soils were collected from plots with established experimental treatments. MR was assessed in a 5-week laboratory incubation without glucose addition, MBC via substrate-induced respiration. MMQ was calculated as MR/MBC and corrected for soil temperatures (MMQsoil). Using linear mixed effects models (LMMs) and structural equation models (SEMs), we analysed how edaphoclimatic characteristics and treatments interactively affected MMQsoil. Results MMQsoil was higher in locations with higher mean annual temperature, lower water holding capacity and lower soil organic C concentration, but did not respond to our treatments across sites as neither MR nor MBC changed. We attributed this relative homeostasis to our treatments to the modulating influence of edaphoclimatic variables. For example, herbivore exclusion, regardless of fertilization, led to greater MMQsoil only at sites with lower soil organic C (< 1.7%). Main conclusions Our results pinpoint the main variables related to MMQsoil across grasslands and emphasize the importance of the local edaphoclimatic conditions in controlling the response of the C cycle to

Published
2023

22. Biomarkers and biosensors for the diagnosis of noncompliant pH, dark cutting beef predisposition, and welfare in cattle

Author

Joost L. D. Nelis, Utpal Bose, James A. Broadbent, Joanne Hughes, Anita Sikes, Alisha Anderson, Karine Caron, Sabine Schmoelzl, and Michelle L. Colgrave

Subjects
Proteomics, Animals, Cattle, Biosensing Techniques, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Muscle, Skeletal, Biomarkers, Food Science
Abstract

Meat quality can be affected by stress, exhaustion, feed composition, and other physical and environmental conditions. These stressors can alter the pH in postmortem muscle, leading to high pH and low-quality dark cutting (DC) beef, resulting in considerable economic loss. Moreover, the dark cutting prediction may equally provide a measure for animal welfare since it is directly related to animal stress. There are two needs to advance on-site detection of dark cutters: (1) a clear indication that biomarker (signature compounds) levels in cattle correlate with stress and DC outcome; and (2) measuring these biomarkers rapidly and accurately on-farm or the abattoir, depending on the objectives. This critical review assesses which small molecules and proteins have been identified as potential biomarkers of stress and dark cutting in cattle. We discuss the potential of promising small molecule biomarkers, including catecholamine/cortisol metabolites, lactate, succinate, inosine, glucose, and β-hydroxybutyrate, and we identify a clear research gap for proteomic biomarker discovery in live cattle. We also explore the potential of chemical-sensing and biosensing technologies, including direct electrochemical detection improved through nanotechnology (e.g., carbon and gold nanostructures), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics, and commercial hand-held devices for small molecule detection. No current strategy exists to rapidly detect predictive meat quality biomarkers due to the need to further validate biomarkers and the fact that different biosensor types are needed to optimally detect different molecules. Nonetheless, several biomarker/biosensor combinations reported herein show excellent potential to enable the measurement of DC potential in live cattle.

Published
2022

27. The perspectives of survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma on lung cancer screening: A qualitative study

Author

Kim Linton, John Radford, Louise Gorman, Rachel Broadbent, and Christopher J. Armitage

Subjects
Adult, Medicine (General), medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Adolescent, Young Adult, R5-920, Informed consent, lung cancer screening, Health care, Humans, Mass Screening, Medicine, Survivors, Lung cancer, Early Detection of Cancer, Aged, risk, Aged, 80 and over, attitudes, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Absolute risk reduction, Original Articles, Middle Aged, benefits, concerns, medicine.disease, Hodgkin Disease, Facilitator, Family medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Thematic analysis, business, Hodgkin lymphoma, Lung cancer screening, Qualitative research
Abstract

Background Hodgkin lymphoma survivors (HLS) are at excess risk of lung cancer as a consequence of HL treatment. HLS without a heavy smoking history are currently unable to access lung cancer screening (LCS) programmes aimed at ever smokers, and there is an unmet need to develop a targeted LCS programme. In this study we prospectively explored HLS perspectives on a future LCS programme, including motivating factors and potential barriers to participation, with the aim of identifying ways to optimise uptake in a future programme. Methods Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with HLS, aged 18–80 and lymphoma‐free for ≥5 years, selected from a clinical database (ADAPT). Participants provided informed consent. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Despite awareness of other late effects, most participants were unaware of their excess risk of lung cancer. Most were willing to participate in a future LCS programme, citing the potential curability of early‐stage lung cancer and reassurance as motivating factors, whilst prior experience of healthcare was a facilitator. Whilst the screening test (a low dose CT scan) was considered acceptable, radiation risk was a concern for some and travel and time off work were potential barriers to participation. Conclusions Our results suggest that most HLS would participate in a future LCS programme, motivated by perceived benefits. Their feedback identified a need to develop educational materials addressing lung cancer risk and concerns about screening, including radiation risk. Such materials could be provided upon an invitation to LCS. Uptake in a future programme may be further optimized by offering flexible screening appointments close to home.

Published
2021

28. Parents' education and Pasifika children's oral health in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A national linked data study using Aotearoa/New Zealand's integrated data infrastructure

Author

Troy Ruhe, Jonathan M. Broadbent, Philip J. Schluter, Nicholas Bowden, Reremoana Theodore, Rosalina Richards, and Jesse Kokaua

Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Dentistry
Abstract

A wide inequality in incidence and severity of childhood oral health conditions between Pasifika and non-Pasifika in Aotearoa/New Zealand (Aotearoa/NZ) persists with some evidence that the gap is widening. To develop an evidence base for strengths-based solutions, this study seeks to investigate the association between parental education and detected oral health conditions in Pasifika children.A secondary cross-sectional analysis of linked routinely collected national databases of children (Pasifika and Non-Māori non-Pasifika [NMNP]) aged 0-9 years in 2013 who completed a Before School Check (B4SC) and had their birth parents file a 2013 New Zealand census return. Parental education is represented by their self-reported highest qualification level gained. Logistic regression models were employed to investigate childhood caries and hospitalisations related to oral health conditions after adjusting for social and economic factors.During the five-year period of 2013-2017, 21 744 (10.2%) children (Pasifika and NMNP) completed the B4SC and experienced caries. Pasifika children experienced caries three times more than NMNP children (23.6% and 7.9%, respectively) and 1.8 times more dental hospitalisations (6.0% and 3.4%, respectively). Each additional level of parental education reduced their Pasifika child's odds of experiencing caries (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.82-0.85) and dental hospitalization (unadjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87-0.91). Less than half of the reduced odds for parental education could be attributed to other covariate factors, by 43% and 25%; respectively, for caries and hospitalisations.Our findings show good educational achievement is associated with better oral health for offspring beyond other benefits that can be attributed to non-education influences. Increased education for Pasifika parents is likely to directly confer better oral health for their children. The findings from this study may provide meaningful evidence for future developments in Pasifika education policy as an investment into the health of subsequent generations of Pasifika children.

Published
2022

32. Detecting successional changes in tropical forest structure using GatorEye drone‐borne lidar

Author

Paula Meli, Carlos A. Silva, Matthew E. Fagan, Robin L. Chazdon, Benjamin E. Wilkinson, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Paul Foster, Daniel de Almeida Papa, Eben N. Broadbent, Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida, Amanda L. Wendt, Eric Bastos Gorgens, Ruben Valbuena, Scott C. Stark, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Carl Salk, Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida, Universdade de São Paulo (USP/ESALQ) / University of Florida, Angelica Maria Almeyda Zambrano, University of Florida, Eben North Broadbent, University of Florida, Amanda L. Wendt, Organization for Tropical Studies / EARTH University, Paul Foster, Reserva Ecológica Bijagual / University of Michigan, Benjamin E. Wilkinson, University of Florida, Carl Salk, University of Agricultural Sciences, DANIEL DE ALMEIDA PAPA, CPAF-AC, Scott Christopher Stark, Michigan State University, Ruben Valbuena, Bangor University, Eric Bastos Gorgens, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Carlos Alberto Silva, University of Florida / University of Maryland, Pedro Henrique Santin Brancalion, Universidade de São Paulo (USP/ESALQ), Matthew Fagan, University of Maryland, Paula Meli, Universidade de São Paulo (USP/ESALQ) / Universidad de La Frontera, and Robin Chazdon, University of Connecticut / University of the Sunshine Coast.

Subjects
Northeastern Costa Rica, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Monitoring, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forest restoration, Caribbean lowlands, Vehículos aéreos no tripulados, Reconhecimento Florestal, Unmanned aerial vehicles, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Aerial surveys, Diversity index, Floresta Tropical, Teledetección, Sarapiquí, Leaf area index, Restauración de bosques, Restoration ecology, Bosques lluviosos, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Raio Laser, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Floresta Secundaria, Lidar, Biomassa aérea, Regeneração florestal, Monitoreo, Biomasa aérea, Aboveground biomass, Species diversity, Forestry, Understory, Remote sensing, TECNOLOGIA LIDAR, Drone, Spatial heterogeneity, Heredia Province, Environmental science, Secondary forest, GatorEye, Rain forests, Secondary forests, Bosques secundarios, Sensoriamento Remoto
Abstract

Drone-based remote sensing is a promising new technology that combines the benefits of ground-based and satellite-derived forest monitoring by collecting fine-scale data over relatively large areas in a cost-effective manner. Here, we explore the potential of the GatorEye drone-lidar system to monitor tropical forest succession by canopy structural attributes including canopy height, spatial heterogeneity, gap fraction, leaf area density (LAD) vertical distribution, canopy Shannon index (an index of LAD), leaf area index (LAI), and understory LAI. We focus on these variables? relationship to aboveground biomass (AGB) stocks and species diversity. In the Caribbean lowlands of northeastern Costa Rica, we analyze nine tropical forests stands (seven secondgrowth and two old-growth). Stands were relatively homogenous in terms of canopy height and spatial heterogeneity, but not in their gap fraction. Neither species density nor tree community Shannon diversity index was significantly correlated with the canopy Shannon index. Canopy height, LAI, and AGB did not show a clear pattern as a function of forest age. However, gap fraction and spatial heterogeneity increased with forest age, whereas understory LAI decreased with forest age. Canopy height was strongly correlated with AGB. The heterogeneous mosaic created by successional forest patches across human-managed tropical landscapes can now be better characterized. Drone-lidar systems offer the opportunity to improve assessment of forest recovery and develop general mechanistic carbon sequestration models that can be rapidly deployed to specific sites, an essential step for monitoring progress within the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-01T11:12:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27015.pdf: 1386408 bytes, checksum: cce9ebab5fed640e715ad6387e973c5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Published
2020

34. Author response for 'Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness'

Author

null Iris Hordijk, null Daniel S. Maynard, null Simon P. Hart, null Mo Lidong, null Hans ter Steege, null Jingjing Liang, null Sergio de‐Miguel, null Gert‐Jan Nabuurs, null Peter B. Reich, null Meinrad Abegg, null C. Yves Adou Yao, null Giorgio Alberti, null Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, null Braulio V. Alvarado, null Alvarez‐Davila Esteban, null Patricia Alvarez‐Loayza, null Luciana F. Alves, null Christian Ammer, null Clara Antón‐Fernández, null Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami, null Luzmila Arroyo, null Valerio Avitabile, null Gerardo A. Aymard C, null Timothy Baker, null Radomir Bałazy, null Olaf Banki, null Jorcely Barroso, null Meredith L. Bastian, null Jean‐Francois Bastin, null Luca Birigazzi, null Philippe Birnbaum, null Robert Bitariho, null Pascal Boeckx, null Frans Bongers, null Olivier Bouriaud, null Pedro H. S. Brancalion, null Susanne Brandl, null Roel Brienen, null Eben N. Broadbent, null Helge Bruelheide, null Filippo Bussotti, null Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, null Ricardo G. César, null Goran Cesljar, null Robin Chazdon, null Han Y. H. Chen, null Chelsea Chisholm, null Emil Cienciala, null Connie J. Clark, null David B. Clark, null Gabriel Colletta, null David Coomes, null Fernando Cornejo Valverde, null Jose J. Corral‐Rivas, null Philip Crim, null Jonathan Cumming, null Selvadurai Dayanandan, null André L. de Gasper, null Mathieu Decuyper, null Géraldine Derroire, null Ben DeVries, null Ilija Djordjevic, null Amaral Iêda, null Aurélie Dourdain, null Engone Obiang Nestor Laurier, null Brian Enquist, null Teresa Eyre, null Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, null Tom M. Fayle, null Leandro V. Ferreira, null Ted R. Feldpausch, null Leena Finér, null Markus Fischer, null Christine Fletcher, null Lorenzo Frizzera, null Javier G. P. Gamarra, null Damiano Gianelle, null Henry B. Glick, null David Harris, null Andrew Hector, null Andreas Hemp, null Geerten Hengeveld, null Bruno Hérault, null John Herbohn, null Annika Hillers, null Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, null Cang Hui, null Hyunkook Cho, null Thomas Ibanez, null Il Bin Jung, null Nobuo Imai, null Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, null Bogdan Jaroszewicz, null Vivian Johanssen, null Carlos A. Joly, null Tommaso Jucker, null Viktor Karminov, null Kuswata Kartawinata, null Elizabeth Kearsley, null David Kenfack, null Deborah Kennard, null Sebastian Kepfer‐Rojas, null Gunnar Keppel, null Mohammed Latif Khan, null Timothy Killeen, null Kim Hyun Seok, null Kanehiro Kitayama, null Michael Köhl, null Henn Korjus, null Florian Kraxner, null Diana Laarmann, null Mait Lang, null Simon Lewis, null Huicui Lu, null Natalia Lukina, null Brian Maitner, null Yadvinder Malhi, null Eric Marcon, null Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, null Ben Hur Marimon‐Junior, null Andrew Robert Marshall, null Emanuel Martin, null Olga Martynenko, null Jorge A. Meave, null Omar Melo‐Cruz, null Casimiro Mendoza, null Cory Merow, null Miscicki Stanislaw, null Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, null Vanessa Moreno, null Sharif A. Mukul, null Philip Mundhenk, null Maria G. Nava‐Miranda, null David Neill, null Victor Neldner, null Radovan Nevenic, null Michael Ngugi, null Pascal A. Niklaus, null Jacek Oleksyn, null Petr Ontikov, null Edgar Ortiz‐Malavasi, null Yude Pan, null Alain Paquette, null Alexander Parada‐Gutierrez, null Elena Parfenova, null Minjee Park, null Marc Parren, null Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, null Pablo L. Peri, null Sebastian Pfautsch, null Oliver L. Phillips, null Nicolas Picard, null Maria Teresa Piedade, null Daniel Piotto, null Nigel C. A. Pitman, null Irina Polo, null Lourens Poorter, null Axel Dalberg Poulsen, null John R. Poulsen, null Hans Pretzsch, null Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, null Zorayda Restrepo‐Correa, null Mirco Rodeghiero, null Samir Rolim, null Anand Roopsind, null Francesco Rovero, null Ervan Rutishauser, null Purabi Saikia, null Christian Salas‐Eljatib, null Peter Schall, null Dmitry Schepaschenko, null Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen, null Bernhard Schmid, null Jochen Schöngart, null Eric B. Searle, null Vladimír Šebeň, null Josep M. Serra‐Diaz, null Douglas Sheil, null Anatoly Shvidenko, null Javier Silva‐Espejo, null Marcos Silveira, null James Singh, null Plinio Sist, null Ferry Slik, null Bonaventure Sonké, null Alexandre F. Souza, null Krzysztof Stereńczak, null Jens‐Christian Svenning, null Miroslav Svoboda, null Ben Swanepoel, null Natalia Targhetta, null Nadja Tchebakova, null Raquel Thomas, null Elena Tikhonova, null Peter Umunay, null Vladimir Usoltsev, null Renato Valencia, null Fernando Valladares, null Fons van der Plas, null Do Van Tran, null Michael E. Van Nuland, null Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, null Hans Verbeeck, null Helder Viana, null Alexander C. Vibrans, null Simone Vieira, null Klaus von Gadow, null Hua‐Feng Wang, null James Watson, null Gijsbert D. A. Werner, null Susan K. Wiser, null Florian Wittmann, null Verginia Wortel, null Roderick Zagt, null Tomasz Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, null Chunyu Zhang, null Xiuhai Zhao, null Mo Zhou, null Zhi‐Xin Zhu, null Irie Casimir Zo‐Bi, and null Thomas W. Crowther

Published
2022

38. Comprehensive Neonatal Cardiac, Feed and Wrap, Non‐contrast, Non‐sedated, Free‐breathing Compressed Sensing 4D Flow MRI Assessment

Author

Panayiotou, Hannah R., primary, Mills, Lily K., additional, Broadbent, David A., additional, Shelley, David, additional, Scheffczik, Jutta, additional, Olaru, Alexandra M., additional, Jin, Ning, additional, Greenwood, John P., additional, Michael, Helen, additional, Plein, Sven, additional, and Bissell, Malenka M., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
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40. Shrub expansion modulates belowground impacts of changing snow conditions in alpine grasslands

Author

Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Bahn, Michael, Pritchard, William J., Newbold, Lindsay K., Goodall, Tim, Guinta, Andrew, Snell, Helen S.K., Cordero, Irene, Michas, Antonios, Grant, Helen K., Soto, David X., Kaufmann, Rüdiger, Schloter, Michael, Griffiths, Robert I., Bardgett, Richard D., Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Bahn, Michael, Pritchard, William J., Newbold, Lindsay K., Goodall, Tim, Guinta, Andrew, Snell, Helen S.K., Cordero, Irene, Michas, Antonios, Grant, Helen K., Soto, David X., Kaufmann, Rüdiger, Schloter, Michael, Griffiths, Robert I., and Bardgett, Richard D.

Abstract

Climate change is disproportionately impacting mountain ecosystems, leading to large reductions in winter snow cover, earlier spring snowmelt and widespread shrub expansion into alpine grasslands. Yet, the combined effects of shrub expansion and changing snow conditions on abiotic and biotic soil properties remains poorly understood. We used complementary field experiments to show that reduced snow cover and earlier snowmelt have effects on soil microbial communities and functioning that persist into summer. However, ericaceous shrub expansion modulates a number of these impacts and has stronger belowground effects than changing snow conditions. Ericaceous shrub expansion did not alter snow depth or snowmelt timing but did increase the abundance of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and oligotrophic bacteria, which was linked to decreased soil respiration and nitrogen availability. Our findings suggest that changing winter snow conditions have cross-seasonal impacts on soil properties, but shifts in vegetation can modulate belowground effects of future alpine climate change.

Published
2022

41. TREETOP: A Shiny-based application and R package for extracting forest information from LiDAR data for ecologists and conservationists

Author

Silva, Carlos Alberta, Silva, Carlos Alberta, Hudak, Andrew T., Vierling, Lee A., Valbuena, Ruben, Cardil, Adrian, Mohan, Midhun, Alves de Almeida, Danilo Roberti, Broadbent, Eben N., Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Wilkinson, Ben, Sharma, Ajay, Drake, Jason B., Medley, Paul B., Vogel, Jason G., Atticciati Prata, Gabriel, Atkins, Jeff W., Hamamura, Caio, Johnson, Daniel G., Klauberg, Carine, Silva, Carlos Alberta, Silva, Carlos Alberta, Hudak, Andrew T., Vierling, Lee A., Valbuena, Ruben, Cardil, Adrian, Mohan, Midhun, Alves de Almeida, Danilo Roberti, Broadbent, Eben N., Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Wilkinson, Ben, Sharma, Ajay, Drake, Jason B., Medley, Paul B., Vogel, Jason G., Atticciati Prata, Gabriel, Atkins, Jeff W., Hamamura, Caio, Johnson, Daniel G., and Klauberg, Carine

Abstract

Individual tree detection (ITD) and crown delineation are two of the most relevant methods for extracting detailed and reliable forest information from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) datasets. However, advanced computational skills and specialized knowledge have been normally required to extract forest information from LiDAR. The development of accessible tools for 3D forest characterization can facilitate rapid assessment by stakeholders lacking a remote sensing background, thus fostering the practical use of LiDAR datasets in forest ecology and conservation. This paper introduces the treetop application, an open-source web-based and R package LiDAR analysis tool for extracting forest structural information at the tree level, including cutting-edge analyses of properties related to forest ecology and management. We provide case studies of how treetop can be used for different ecological applications, within various forest ecosystems. Specifically, treetop was employed to assess post-hurricane disturbance in natural temperate forests, forest homogeneity in industrial forest plantations and the spatial distribution of individual trees in a tropical forest. treetop simplifies the extraction of relevant forest information for forest ecologists and conservationists who may use the tool to easily visualize tree positions and sizes, conduct complex analyses and download results including individual tree lists and figures summarizing forest structural properties. Through this open-source approach, treetop can foster the practical use of LiDAR data among forest conservation and management stakeholders and help ecological researchers to further understand the relationships between forest structure and function.

Published
2022

44. treetop : A Shiny‐based application and R package for extracting forest information from LiDAR data for ecologists and conservationists

Author

Silva, Carlos Alberto, primary, Hudak, Andrew T., additional, Vierling, Lee A., additional, Valbuena, Ruben, additional, Cardil, Adrian, additional, Mohan, Midhun, additional, Almeida, Danilo Roberti Alves, additional, Broadbent, Eben N., additional, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., additional, Wilkinson, Ben, additional, Sharma, Ajay, additional, Drake, Jason B., additional, Medley, Paul B., additional, Vogel, Jason G., additional, Prata, Gabriel Atticciati, additional, Atkins, Jeff W., additional, Hamamura, Caio, additional, Johnson, Daniel J., additional, and Klauberg, Carine, additional

Published
2022
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46. In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle‐Mediated Metastasis Using a Bright, Red‐Shifted Bioluminescent Reporter Protein (Advanced Genetics 1/03)

Author

Perez, Gloria I., primary, Broadbent, David, additional, Zarea, Ahmed A., additional, Dolgikh, Benedikt, additional, Bernard, Matthew P., additional, Withrow, Alicia, additional, McGill, Amelia, additional, Toomajian, Victoria, additional, Thampy, Lukose K., additional, Harkema, Jack, additional, Walker, Joel R., additional, Kirkland, Thomas A., additional, Bachmann, Michael H., additional, Schmidt, Jens, additional, and Kanada, Masamitsu, additional

Published
2022
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48. Reliability of alternative devices for postoperative patient temperature measurement: two prospective, observational studies*

Author

Eloise Broadbent, Philip J Peyton, and Verna M Aykanat

Subjects
Male, Urinary Bladder, Temperature measurement, Body Temperature, Postoperative management, Pacu, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030202 anesthesiology, Nasopharynx, Bladder temperature, medicine, Humans, Forehead, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Reliability (statistics), Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, biology, business.industry, Limits of agreement, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, ROC Curve, Area Under Curve, Female, Observational study, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract

Peri-operative hypothermia is associated with significant morbidity, yet limitations exist regarding non-invasive temperature assessment in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). In this prospective study of 100 patients, we aimed to determine the reliability of two commonly used temperature measurement devices, forehead temporal artery temperature and tympanic measurement, in addition to an indwelling urinary catheter with temperature probe, in comparison with the final nasopharyngeal core temperature at the end of surgery. Agreement of forehead measurement with nasopharyngeal temperature showed a mean bias (±95% limits of agreement) of 0.15 °C (±1.4 °C), with a steep slope of the relationship on the Bland-Altman plot of -0.8, indicating a tendency to normalise patient temperature readings to 36.4 °C. Only 54% of hypothermic cases were correctly detected by the forehead measurement device. Agreement of tympanic measurement with nasopharyngeal core temperature measurement was marginally improved with a mean bias of 0.13 °C (95% limits of agreement ±1.15 °C). In contrast, agreement of bladder temperature with nasopharyngeal temperature showed a mean (SD) bias of 0.19 (0.28) °C (95% limits of agreement ±0.54 °C), with a relatively flat line of best fit. We demonstrated that two commonly used temperature measurement devices, forehead temporal artery temperature and tympanic measurement, compared with nasopharyngeal core temperature, were imprecise and unreliable following major surgery. However, the indwelling catheter with temperature sensor was precise and acceptable for continuous core temperature measurement in the PACU.

Published
2020

49. Clinical value of next‐generation sequencing compared to cytogenetics in patients with suspected myelodysplastic syndrome

Author

Robert Broadbent, Eri Kawata, Uday Deotare, Stephanie Santos, Jennifer Kerkhof, Ian Chin-Yee, Kang Howson-Jan, Anargyros Xenocostas, Lalit Saini, Christopher J. Howlett, Alan Graham Stuart, Alejandro Lazo‐Langner, Hanxin Lin, Cyrus C. Hsia, Bekim Sadikovic, Michael D. Levy, and Ping Yang

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Myeloid, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Molecular genetics, medicine, Humans, In patient, Retrospective Studies, Chromosome Aberrations, business.industry, Cytogenetics, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Hematology, Prognosis, Predictive value, medicine.anatomical_structure, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cytogenetic Analysis, Mutation, Clinical value, business, Intermediate risk, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) increasingly influences diagnosis, prognosis and management of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In addition to marrow morphology and flow cytometry, our institution performs cytogenetics (CG) and NGS-based testing routinely in patients with suspected MDS. We evaluated the relative value of NGS in the assessment of patients with suspected MDS. We initially compared the diagnostic and prognostic information derived from CG and NGS in 134 patients. NGS enhanced the diagnostic yield compared to CG for clonal myeloid disorders (sensitivity 77% vs. 42·2%; specificity 90·2% vs. 78%; positive predictive value 92·8% vs. 76%; and negative predictive value 70·8% vs. 45·5%). The identification of poor prognosis mutations by NGS altered risk category in 27/39 (69·2%) patients with MDS with good/intermediate risk CG. Subsequently, we prospectively evaluated 70 patients with suspected MDS using an 'NGS-first approach' with CG restricted to samples with morphological abnormalities. We rarely identified mutations or CG abnormalities in patients without dysplastic features. NGS has a superior diagnostic performance compared to CG in patients with suspected MDS. We estimate that by using an 'NGS-first approach' we could reduce karyotyping by approximately 30%.

Published
2020

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