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Purpose: Elucidate the prevalence of myopia among young adults from a birth cohort of Swedish children and its relationship to possible risk factors during their childhood. Methods: Five thousand two hundred young adults, mean 23.4 years and 58% females, participating in the prospective birth cohort All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) answered a questionnaire including questions regarding health and physical activity, spectacle use, myopia and age at first optical correction. Questionnaires at previous follow-ups at ages 2-3, 5-6 and 8 years included information on type of housing, time outdoors, screen time and hours of reading. Myopia prevalence and associations with potential risk factors were analysed in univariate and multivariate regression models with Bonferroni's correction of p-values. Results: In the ABIS Swedish birth cohort of young adults, the prevalence of myopia was 29%. A univariate logistic regression showed a higher odds ratio for myopia with female gender (OR 1.59; p < 0.05) and a completed and started university education (OR 1.52; p < 0.05). Significantly lower odds ratios were found for hours spent outdoors at 8 years of age (OR 0.82; p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed a higher odds ratio for myopia in females (OR 1.52-1.57; p < 0.05) and completed and started university education (OR 1.34-1.49; p < 0.05) in all models. In a model including accommodative effort, measured in diopter hours at 8 years of age, hours spent outdoors were associated with a lower odds ratio for myopia (OR 0.86; p < 0.05). No association could be detected between myopia and the type of housing or near work. Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia among young adults in a Swedish birth cohort was lower or unchanged compared to previous data. Female gender, higher education and less time spent outdoors in childhood were associated with an increased risk of developing myopia. Recommendations from child health services, Funding Agencies|Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation

PurposeThe aim of this study was to map the treatment burden for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD).MethodPatients with ongoing treatment with anti-VEGF for wAMD at a Swedish eye unit underwent a survey about the time spent receiving treatment, caregiver assistance, way of transportation, self-rated vision and negative experiences associated with the treatment such as discomfort, anxiety or transportation problems. Information about current visual acuity, number of treatments and current treatment intervals were obtained from medical records.ResultsThe study included 93 patients with an average age of 79.9 years, 68% were women. The average interval between treatments was 7.3 weeks, and 26% had active treatment in both eyes. On average, patients had to spend 2.7 h (2.4-2.9: 95% CI) per treatment and a caregiver assisted the patient in 58% of cases. Caregivers spent on average 2.6 h (2.5-2.8: 95% CI) per visit, and 19% needed to take time off work. The majority (91%) of patients did not experience any transportation problems associated with treatment. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significantly lower odds ratio for discomfort with higher self-rated vision and a significantly higher odds ratio for discomfort with longer treatment intervals.DiscussionAnti-VEGF treatment is an effective treatment for wAMD. However, the relatively short treatment intervals place a considerable burden on patients and their relatives regarding time. Although the patients in this study had to spend a lot of time to receive treatment, the majority did not experience any problems associated with treatment., Funding Agencies|Futurum-Akademin for vard och halsa Region Jonkopings lan and Edwin Jordans stiftelse for oftalmologisk forskning [2021-00024]

Tensors of order d may be seen as arrays of entries indexed by d indices. They naturally appear as data, and arrays in applications such as chemistry, food science, forensics, environmental analysis and many other fields. Extracting and visualizing the underlying features from tensors is an important source separation problem. This chapter first describes an important class of data mining methods for tensors, namely low-rank tensor approximations (CPD, Tucker3) in the case of order d=3. In such a case, striking differences already exist compared to low-rank approximations of matrices, which are tensors of order d=2. Constrained decompositions and coupled decompositions, which are important variants of tensor decompositions, are also discussed in detail, along with practical learning algorithms. Finally, tensor decompositions are illustrated as a tool for source separation in food sciences. In particular fluorescence spectroscopy, electrophoresis in gel, or chromatography especially coupled with mass spectrometry, are techniques where tensor decompositions are known to be useful. Some of the many other source separation problems that may be tackled with tensor decompositions are briefly discussed in the concluding remarks.

Purpose: To analyse trends of ISBCS reported to the Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR) over a 10-year period.Methods: Since 2010 the NCR contains social security number of all individuals in the list of parameters reported to NCR after each cataract procedure. Bilateral surgeries were mapped out using social security numbers. When dates of both-eye surgeries are identical for an individual it is classified as an immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS). This study includes all data reported during the period 1st of January 2010 to 31st of December 2019. During the study period 113 cataract surgery clinics affiliated to the NCR reported their data on consecutive cataract cases.Results: For the whole period 54 194 ISBCS were reported. The total number of bilateral cataract extractions was 422 300. There was a significant trend of increasing ISBCS over time with linear regression (Beta = 1.75, p < 0.001). In ISBCS the occurrence of an ocular comorbidity decreased over time. The use of a capsular tension ring was significantly more common in ISBCS than in delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS). All other measures taken during surgery were more common in DSBCS. The use of multifocal IOL was significantly more frequent in ISBCS compared to DSBCS (p < 0.001).Conclusions: The use of ISBCS has increased over the study period. The operated eyes have less risk factors than eyes going through a DSBCS, but both ocular comorbidities and surgical complications occur in ISBCS eyes.

Purpose The objective of this study was to determine the current Swedish epidemiology of sport-related eye injuries and to analyse the effect of the increased popularity of the racquet sport padel.Methods This was a retrospective, register-based, cohort study of medical records in the county of Jonkoping, Sweden. All individuals with a sports-related eye injury needing healthcare between January 2017 and December 2021 were included. For these individuals, data about background, consequences and treatment of the injuries were obtained.Results During the 5-year study period, 255 patients sought care for sports-related eye injuries at the ophthalmological clinics in Jonkoping County. Floorball caused the largest proportion of eye injuries (39%) followed by padel (20%) and football (15%). However, the proportion of injuries caused by padel increased during the study period to be the dominating cause in 2021. Compared to floorball, patients with eye injuries from padel were older and had female gender to a higher extent. The ball caused almost all injuries from padel; the majority occurred in the right eye. Most the eye injuries from padel were mild or moderate but 4% had severe consequences with an imminent risk of long-term complications.Conclusions In a short time period, padel has become the leading cause of sports-related eye injuries in Sweden. To reduce the number of eye injuries, protective eyewear could be recommended., Funding Agencies|Futurum - Akademin foer haelsa och vard och haelsa, Region Joenkoepings laen; OEgonfonden

Purpose To explore the trends in worldwide ophthalmic research production over a 21-year period in relation to journals, contributing countries and dominating topics with special focus on the Nordic region. Methods Articles published between 2000 and 2020 in 20 top-ranked ophthalmology journals were included. Number of articles and impact points were measured per country for each year. The most frequently occurring keywords were calculated worldwide and for the top five contributing countries and the Nordic countries. Trends were explored using linear regression. Results The analysis included 65 220 articles. Linear regression showed an increase with 56 articles per year (beta = 56.3, R-2 = 0.72, p-value < 0.01). The United States published the most articles, comprising 35% of the worldwide total, followed by the United Kingdom (9%) and Japan (7%). Population-adjusted productivity revealed that Iceland was the most prolific country with 10 articles per million inhabitants/year. Singapore was second and Denmark third with corresponding numbers of nine and seven. Analysing regional trends, Asia had the largest increase in yearly number of articles (beta = 29.1, R-2 = 0.89, p-value < 0.01). The strongest positive trend was observed in China (beta = 15.7, R-2 = 0.94, p-value < 0.01). The Nordic countries contributed with 3.6% of worldwide ophthalmological papers. Among these, Denmark was the only country with a significant positive trend in impact points per million inhabitants per year (beta = 0.6, R-2 = 0.54, p-value < 0.01). The most frequently occurring eye disease within the whole time frame was myopia (5.8%) followed by macular degeneration (5.4%) and glaucoma (5.3%). Linear regression showed a significant increase in the proportion of articles about diabetic retinopathy (beta = 0.2%, R-2 = 0.88, p-value < 0.01) a significant decrease in the proportion in articles about cataract (beta = -0.1%, R-2 = 0.70, p-value < 0.01) a, Funding Agencies|ProjektDEAL

Background To examine the effects of different stages of visual field loss (VFL) from advanced glaucoma on performance in a driving simulator. Methods Data on performance and safety from a traffic simulator test for 104 participants with withdrawn drivers licences due to visual field loss from advanced glaucoma were compared with data from 83 individuals without visual deficits in a cross-sectional study. Individuals with glaucoma that regained their driving licences after a successful simulator test were then followed in a national accident database. Results Glaucoma participants passed the test in 71% (95% confidence interval 61-79%) of the cases. Younger participants were more successful than older. No significant differences on safety or performance measures were detected between glaucoma- and normally sighted participants. Compared with passed glaucoma participants, failed glaucoma participants had more collisions, more critical failed to give way events, longer time headways, and longer reaction times. This group had also a higher extent of central visual field loss. None of the participants with a regained licence were involved in a motor vehicle accident during the 2 to 4 year follow-up after the simulator test. Conclusion Severity of glaucoma predicts driver safety on a group level. However, even individuals with severe visual field loss from glaucoma might drive safely, which highlights the need for individual assessments for licencing purposes., Funding Agencies|The Swedish Transport Administration, Skyltfonden [TRV 2018/25726] Funding Source: Medline