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Preterm infants are at high risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension from inflammatory lung injury. In adult models, adiponectin (APN)—an adipocyte‐derived hormone—protects the lung from inflammatory injury and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Cord blood APN levels in premature infants born, Extremely low birth weight infants are at increased risk of developing acute and chronic lung disease from inflammation; they have low fat stores at birth and thus low circulating levels of the adipokine, adiponectin. Adiponectin is a potent anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant adipokine. Here we show that recombinant adiponectin (rAPN) given to newborn rats in the saccular stage of lung development decreases LPS‐induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in lung homogenates and histopathological changes in the lung as shown in this graphical abstract. LPS was given intrapharyngeally and rAPN was given intraperitoneally. rAPN was effective in decreasing lung inflammation whether it was given as prevention or rescue therapy. Safe strategies that elevate endogenous APN may be benefical to extremely premature infants at risk of lung disease.

Charge and orbital degrees of freedom determine properties of many materials, and are central to many important phenomena. At high temperatures, thermal fluctuations overcome them, and high-symmetry structures are realized. On decreasing temperature, different charge- and orbital-order transitions take place accompanied by symmetry lowering. Here we present remarkable exceptions to this general tendency realized in Cu-doped BiMn7O12 quadruple perovskites. Introduction of Cu2+ produces mixtures of Mn3+ and Mn4+ and charge degree of freedom. BiCuMn6O12 (and compositions in the vicinity) exhibits well-defined 1:3 charge order of Mn4+ and Mn3+ and orbital order of Mn3+ near room temperature; but both charge and orbital orders collapse below about 115 K with the reentrance of the high-temperature cubic Im-3 phase. What is interesting the collapse can be controlled by a magnetic field even without long-range magnetic order, and the collapsed phase shows nearly zero thermal expansion.

The synthesis of a novel family of cyano-bridged trimetallic coordination polymers (CPs) with various compositions and shapes has been reported by changing the compositional ratios of Fe, Co, and Ni species in the reaction system. In order to efficiently control the nucleation rate and the crystal growth, trisodium citrate dihydrate plays an important role as a chelating agent. After the obtained cyano-bridged trimetallic CPs undergo thermal treatment in air at three different temperatures (250, 350, and 450 °C), nanoporous spinel metal oxides are successfully obtained. Interestingly, the obtained nanoporous metal oxides are composed of small crstalline grains, and the grains are oriented in the same direction, realizing pseudo-single crystals with nanopores. The resultant nanoporous spinel oxides feature interesting magnetic properties. Cyano-bridged multimetallic CPs with various sizes and shapes can provide a pathway toward functional nanoporous metal oxides that are not attainable from simple cyano-bridged CPs containing single metal ions.

Development of a new method to synthesize nanoporous metal oxides with highly crystallized frameworks is of great interest because of their wide use in practical applications. Here we demonstrate a thermal decomposition of metal-cyanide hybrid coordination polymers (CPs) to prepare nanoporous metal oxides. During the thermal treatment, the organic units (carbon and nitrogen) are completely removed, and only metal contents are retained to prepare nanoporous metal oxides. The original nanocube shapes are well-retained even after the thermal treatment. When both Fe and Co atoms are contained in the precursors, nanoporous Fe-Co oxide with a highly oriented crystalline framework is obtained. On the other hand, when nanoporous Co oxide and Fe oxide are obtained from Co- and Fe-contacting precursors, their frameworks are amorphous and/or poorly crystallized. Single-crystal-like nanoporous Fe-Co oxide shows a stable magnetic property at room temperature compared to poly-crystalline metal oxides. We further extend this concept to prepare nanoporous metal oxides with hollow interiors. Core-shell heterostructures consisting of different metal-cyanide hybrid CPs are prepared first. Then the cores are dissolved by chemical etching using a hydrochloric acid solution (i.e., the cores are used as sacrificial templates), leading to the formation of hollow interiors in the nanocubes. These hollow nanocubes are also successfully converted to nanoporous metal oxides with hollow interiors by thermal treatment. The present approach is entirely different from the surfactant-templating approaches that traditionally have been utilized for the preparation of mesoporous metal oxides. We believe the present work proves a new way to synthesize nanoporous metal oxides with controlled crystalline frameworks and architectures.

Nanoporous carbon particles with magnetic Co nanoparticles (Co/NPC particles) are synthesized by one-step carbonization of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) crystals. After the carbonization, the original ZIF-67 shapes are preserved well. Fine magnetic Co nanoparticles are well dispersed in the nanoporous carbon matrix, with the result that the Co/NPC particles show a strong magnetic response. The obtained nanoporous carbons show a high surface area and well-developed graphitized wall, thereby realizing fast molecular diffusion of methylene blue (MB) molecules with excellent adsorption performance. The Co/NPC possesses an impressive saturation capacity for MB dye compared with the commercial activated carbon. Also, the dispersed magnetic Co nanoparticles facilitate easy magnetic separation.

We synthesize PbMn7O12 perovskite under high-pressure (6 GPa) and high-temperature (1373 K) conditions and investigate its structural, magnetic, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties. We find that PbMn7O12 exhibits rich physical properties from interplay among charge, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom and rich structural properties. PbMn7O12 crystallizes in space group R3 near room temperature and shows a structural phase transition at TCO = 397 K to a cubic structure in space group Im3; the Im3-to-R3 transition is associated with charge ordering. Below TOO = 294 K, a structural modulation transition associated with orbital ordering takes place. There are two magnetic transitions with Neel temperatures of TN1 = 83 K and TN2 = 77 K and probably a lock-in transition at TN3 = 43 K (on cooling). There is huge hysteresis on specific heat (between ∼37 and 65 K at 0 Oe), dielectric constant (between ∼20 and 70 K at 0 Oe), and dc and ac magnetic susceptibilities around the lock-in transition. Sharp diel...

We investigate the synthesis of a thallium scandate, TlScO3, under high-pressure (6–7.7 GPa) and high-temperature (1373–1773 K) conditions. At 6 GPa, a LiNbO3-type phase appears in a narrow temperature range and in mixtures with other phases. At 7.7 GPa and 1673 K, a new LiNbO3-type oxide is found with a composition of (Tl1–xScx)ScO3 and x ≈ 0.26 as determined by structural analysis from X-ray powder diffraction data. It crystallizes in space group R3c (No. 161) with lattice parameters of a = 5.50283(7) A and c = 14.4606(2) A. It is stable at least up to 800 K at ambient pressure. The point-charge model gives an electric polarization of 60 μC/cm2. First-principles calculations show that centrosymmetric ilmenite-type and polar LiNbO3-type structures of stoichiometric TlScO3 have almost the same lowest energy, and the next stable structure is a GdFeO3-type perovskite structure.

CdMn7O12 (I) and SrMn7-xFexO12 (x = 0 (II), 0.08, 0.5) perovskites are prepared by hot pressing of stoichiometric mixtures of Mn2O3, MnO2, and CdO as well as Mn2O3, Fe2O3, and 4H-SrMnO3, resp.

Regional pulmonary blood flow can be assessed using both dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR and phase-contrast (PC) MR. These methods provide somewhat complementary information: DCE MR can assess flow over the entire lung while PC MR can detect rapid changes in flow to a targeted region. Although both methods are considered accurate, one may be more feasible than the other depending on pathology, patient condition, and availability of an intravenous route. The objective of this study was to establish a consensus between the two methods by comparing paired DCE MR and PC MR measurements of relative blood flow in Yorkshire piglets (N = 5, age = 7 days, weight = 3.3 ± 0.6 kg) under various physiological states including regional lung collapse. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.71, P < 0.01) was observed between the methods. In conclusion, DCE MR and PC MR provide a consistent measure of changes in regional pulmonary blood flow. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

PURPOSE: To determine the association between cancer diagnosis, mental disorders and suicidal behavior among community dwelling adults. METHODS: Data were drawn from the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2 (N=36 984, response rate 77%, age 15+). Respondents were grouped into three age groups (15-54, 55-74, and 75+ years), and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between cancer and mental disorders: unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographics, social supports and other mental disorders. RESULTS: Among respondents aged 15-54, cancer was associated with increased odds of major depression (odds ratio [OR]=3.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69-5.96), panic attacks (OR=2.15; 95% CI: 1.22-3.77) and any mental disorder. Among respondents aged 55-75, cancer was associated with increased odds of agoraphobia (OR=5.94; 95% CI: 1.68-21.03) and decreased odds of social phobia (OR=0.22; 95% CI: 0.06-0.80). Cancer was not associated with any mental disorder in the 75+ age group. Results persisted after adjustments for the covariates. Suicidal ideation was associated with cancer in the 55-74 age group (OR=5.07; 95% CI: 1.25-20.47) in unadjusted models; however, this relationship became non-significant when adjusting for the other covariates. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should consider screening for depression and panic disorder in young, community dwelling patients with cancer. Language: en

LCD displays with an additional white primary (RGBW displays) have some clear advantages over conventional RGB displays. Firstly, they can transmit 50% more light and secondly they can have 50% more resolution compared to a conventional RGB display. RGBW displays also have a clear disadvantage; the display gamut does not match with the standard three-primary (RGB) input gamut. Up to now, this resulted in rather poor color rendition of such displays, which prevented mass-introduction in the (high-end) LCD-TV market. This paper presents the Philips Dynamic Gamut concept that solves the color rendition issues and describes the technical details of a 26″ demonstrator that proves the concept.

New nanoporous iron oxide nanoparticles with superparamagnetic behavior were successfully synthesized from Prussian blue (PB) nanocubes through a thermal conversion method and applied to the intracellular drug-delivery systems (DDS) of bladder cancer cells (i.e., T24) with controlled release and magnetic guiding properties. The results of the MTT assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy indicate that the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were successfully uptaken by T24 cells with excellent biocompatibility. An anticancer drug, that is, cisplatin, was used as a model drug, and its loading/release behavior was investigated. The intracellular drug delivery efficiency was greatly enhanced for the cisplatin-loaded, PB-derived, magnetic-guided drug-delivery system compared with the non-drug case. The synthesized nanomaterials show great potential as drug vehicles with high biocompatibility, controlled release, and magnetic targeting features for future intracellular DDS.

This article examines regional actions among supermarket chains and food manufacturers (second–stage processors) in the extended MERCOSUR. It highlights the emergence of ‘regional multinationals’ operating in this market, which compete and sometimes co–operate with ‘global multinationals’. The harmonisation of customs regimes, the reduction of trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas, and the deregulation of foreign direct investment, have allowed multinationals — regional or global — to step up their regional activities. They increasingly undertake regional marketing strategies, are increasing their investment in the region’s markets, and are causing new regional procurement systems to emerge.

The title compound is prepared from a stoichiometric mixture of Mn2O3 and Tl2O3 (Au capsules, 6 GPa, 1500 °C, 2 h) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, magnetic, specific heat, and electrical resistivity measurements, Moessbauer spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.

The title compound is prepared by high pressure/high temperature reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Bi2O3, CrO2, and CrO3 (Au capsules, 6 GPa, 1570 K, 2 h).

To determine the natural history of lung vascular remodeling and cardiac changes in the rat model of persistent pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PPHN) of the newborn, we studied fetal rats subjected to maternal indomethacin administration initiated on day 19 of gestation and continued for 2, 3, or 4 days. Animals receiving a similar volume of water or alcohol served as controls. Significant pulmonary hypertension was noted in the experimental group, as evidenced by a significantly increased right to left ventricular wall ratio to 1.6 ± 0.1 in the 4-day treatment group, as compared with 1.2 ± 0.4 in the control group (P

The title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of In2O3 or Sc2O3 and Rh2O3 (Au capsules, 6 GPa, 1500 K, 2 h).

Methacrylate-based copolymers with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate, respectively, were synthesised and investigated as costabilisers for PVC. It was found that these polymers are capable of improving the induction time of PVC dehydrochlorination. This costabilising effect is dependent on the amount of functional groups which have been introduced into the copolymer. The new costabilisers interact with most used kinds of stabilisers and are capable of partly substituting the metal stabilisers.

Diffraction evidence is presented that the structure of one-dimensional arrays of strained, coordinationally unsaturated d9 pseudo-Jahn–Teller centers of bis(N,N-diethylethylenediamine)copper(II) perchlorate is affected by excitation of the LMCT bands within the hysteresis region of a low-temperature ferromagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic phase transition. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)