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Abstract Objectives To assess the effect of bilateral orchidopexy in preventing future torsion and testicular loss in patients with intermittent testicular torsion. Secondarily, this study aims to assess the rate of pain improvement following orchidopexy. Methods This is a prospective cohort of patients. Participants were men who underwent elective bilateral orchidopexy for intermittent testicular torsion. All consecutive cases were treated by a single surgeon in a single centre between 2015 and 2023. The primary outcomes were prevention of torsion and testicular loss. The secondary outcome was the resolution or improvement in pain. Results The success rate of bilateral orchidopexy in preventing testicular loss due to torsion was 100%, at a follow‐up of mean 33.5 months. Of the 50 patients, 88% were pain‐free following orchidopexy, and 12% had an improvement in their pain. There were no cases of hydrocoele or haematoma in this series. To our knowledge, this is the largest series reported in the literature. Conclusions Elective bilateral orchidopexy prevents torsion and preserves testicular viability. Pain is resolved in most but not all cases. This is important in counselling men who are considering surgical management of intermittent torsion of the testicle.

Abstract Billions of people around the world suffer from malnutrition, leading to severe adverse health effects. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a multifaceted versatile crop with excellent nutritional profile which can help to combat nutritional disorders and climate change. In this study, we evaluated the global pearl millet germplasm panel known as PMiGAP for natural variation and genetic maker trait associations for important minerals, that is, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium along with phytate. The genotypes IP‐15947, IP‐5121, IP‐4020, IP‐12768, IP‐5695, IP‐8786 and IP‐11310 were found to be superior for majority of minerals examined but had lower phytate‐to‐zinc ratio. Phytate/mineral molar ratios are typically used to predict the bioavailability of iron and calcium contents in grains, and surprisingly none of the PMiGAP genotypes showed such ratios below threshold indicating PMiGAP entries studied in this study seriously suffer from bioavailability issues of these minerals. On the other hand, 73 genotypes had lower zinc/phytate ratio than the threshold in the germplasm panel. Iron and zinc content had significant positive association among them but phytate content in general was not significantly correlated with minerals except for magnesium and potassium. A genome‐wide association study using 456 K SNPs identified 74 significant marker–trait associations and 59 candidate genes around 50 Kb distance near the significant SNPs. Ten significant SNPs were found within the candidate genes. The associated markers and the candidate genes provide new insights into the genetic architecture of the mineral traits studied and will facilitate marker‐assisted selection to accelerate breeding of such minerals in future varieties to combat rising malnutrition problem via diet.

Abstract Aim The aim of this systematic review is to identify, describe and synthesize evidence from experimental studies conducted to measure and conceptualize self‐efficacy within the context of nursing education and the transition of nursing students to practice as a registered practitioners. Design Systematic review. Methods Papers were screened by four independent reviewers, and data were extracted using a standardized data extraction tool. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidance and checklists were used to guide this review. Results The review included 47 studies, using a quasi‐experimental pre‐test–post‐test design (n = 39) and randomized control trials (n = 8). Various teaching and learning interventions were used to enhance self‐efficacy; however, there is no definitive conclusion to be drawn regarding the most effective educational interventions. Various instruments were used in the studies to measure self‐efficacy. 10 of these were related to general self‐efficacy, while 37 instruments measured self‐efficacy in the context of specific skills.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to: (1) use cognitive task analysis to describe final year nursing students situation awareness in recognising, responding and escalating care of deteriorating patients in ward settings; and (2) make recommendations for training and practice. Design A mixed methods cognitive task analysis with a convergent triangulation design. Method Data collection involved observations of 33 final year nursing students in simulated deteriorating patient scenarios and retrospective cognitive interviews. A process tracing technique was applied to identify the cues to deterioration participants perceived; how cue perception altered as situational demands increased; the extent that participants made connections between perceived cues and reached a situational understanding; and the factors that influenced and constrained participants situation awareness. Qualitative and quantitative findings are woven together and presented using descriptive statistics, illustrative quotations and timeline extractions. Results The median cue perception was 65.4% and 57.6% in the medical and surgical scenarios, respectively. Perception was negatively influenced by incomplete vital sign monitoring as situations escalated; limited physical assessments; passive scanning behaviours; poor task automaticity; and excessive cognitive demands. Incomplete perception, poor cue integration and underdeveloped mental models influenced situational understanding. Escalation calls did not always accurately reflect situations and a reporting mindset was evident. Clinical exposure to deteriorating patients was described as variable and opportunistic. Reporting Method The study is reported in accordance with the Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) checklist. Patient or Public Contribution Patients and public were not involved in this research.

Abstract Introduction Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged 15–44 years in many countries. Most men with testicular cancer present with a lump. Testicular symptoms are more likely to occur secondary to benign diseases like epididymo‐orchitis, a common sexually transmitted infection. Gender and sexual minorities are at an increased risk of testicular diseases and health disparities. The aim of this study was to co‐design an inclusive community‐based campaign to promote testicular awareness. Methods This study uses the World Café methodology. Participation was sought from Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer+ friendly organisations, testicular cancer survivors, health policy makers, media and marketing experts and graphic designers. Participants engaged in three rounds of conversations to co‐design the campaign. Data were collected using drawing sheets, artefact cards, sticky notes, coloured markers and a voice recorder. Deductive thematic analysis was conducted. Results Seventeen individuals participated in the study. Six themes emerged from the analysis as follows: (i) online communication; (ii) offline communication; (iii) behavioural targeting and education; (iv) campaign frequency and reach; (v) demographic segmentation; and (vi) campaign identity. The use of social media for campaign delivery featured strongly in all conversations. Participants also recommended offline communication using posters and radio/television advertisements to scale up the campaign and achieve wider reach. Advertisements to overcome embarrassment surrounding testicular health were particularly recommended. Participants emphasised that campaign delivery must be dynamic whilst ensuring that the health‐promoting messages are not diluted or lost. They stressed the importance of being inclusive and tailoring the campaign to different age groups, gender identities and sexual orientations. Conclusions Study recommendations will be used to design and deliver the campaign. Future research will be needed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, cost and effect of the campaign on promoting testicular awareness and early detection of testicular diseases. Patient or Public Contribution A participatory research approach was used to co‐design the campaign with members of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer+ (LGBTQ+) friendly organisations, LGBTQ+ student bodies, LGBTQ+ staff networks, LGBTQ+ sports clubs, men's health organisations, testicular cancer survivors, health policy makers, media and marketing experts and graphic designers.

Abstract Aim SSI is one of the most prevalent healthcare‐associated infections and is associated with extended hospital stays, increased need for reoperation and higher hospital readmission rates. Implementing systematic SSI surveillance can reduce these adverse outcomes. Implementing a surveillance system into a hospital is a complex intervention requiring that staff involved in a patient's perioperative journey have the knowledge of SSI prevention, the data required for surveillance, an understanding of how data informs quality improvement initiatives and their role in surveillance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a complex intervention on the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals towards surgical site infection (SSI), SSI prevention and surveillance in a university hospital setting. Design The study used a quasi‐experimental pre‐test–post‐test design. Method The impact of a complex intervention was evaluated by measuring healthcare professionals' (n = 74) knowledge of and attitudes towards SSI and surveillance. Normalisation process theory (NPT) guided the study and the development of the intervention. Results There was a statistically significant increase in scores on the knowledge of SSI and prevention from pre‐intervention to post‐test. The knowledge of risk factors scores at post‐test was significantly higher than that at pre‐intervention. Overall attitudes to SSI prevention and surveillance were good both pre‐intervention and post‐test but there was a significant change in the attitude of participants. The findings reveal an overall positive impact of the complex intervention on the knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals relating to SSI, SSI prevention and surveillance; however, the extent of the change varied across items measured.

Abstract Objectives To assess novel surgical techniques in management of Peyronie's disease. Subjects Forty‐three men underwent corrective surgery using either partial plaque incision and nongraft (PPING) or multiple plaque incisions and graft (MPIG). The technique used was determined intra‐operatively. Patients were assessed at baseline and follow‐up based on Peyronie's disease questionnaire patient‐reported outcome measure (PDQ‐PROM) and erectile function. Results The two groups were well matched in age and erectile function. At baseline MPIG group had greater deformity and poorer patient‐reported outcome. Penile curvature improved from 67.9° to 10.5° in the PPING group and 77.9° to 7.1° with MPIG. PDQ‐PROM improved from 29 to 13 in those who underwent PPING and 38.5 to 17.6 in those undergoing MPIG. Erectile function was preserved in both groups. Conclusions These novel surgeries are effective in restoring penile shape and length while preserving erectile function. This is reflected in improved patient‐reported outcomes. These findings should be verified by multi‐institutional study.

Abstract Acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) is a group of rare genetic diseases of heme biosynthesis resulting in severe neurovisceral attacks and chronic complications that negatively impact patients' well‐being. This study evaluated the impacts of AHP on patients' physical and emotional health from a global perspective. Adult patients from the United States, Italy, Spain, Australia, Mexico, and Brazil with AHP with >1 porphyria attack within the past 2 years or receiving intravenous hemin and/or glucose for attack prevention completed an online survey assessing demographics, health characteristics, and patient‐reported outcomes. Results were analyzed collectively and by patient subgroups. Ninety‐two patients with AHP across the six countries completed the survey. More than 70% of patients reported that their physical, emotional, and financial health was fair or poor. Among patients who reported pain, fatigue, and muscle weakness, 94.3%, 95.6%, and 91.4%, respectively, reported that these symptoms limited daily activities. Moderate to severe depression was present in 58.7% of patients, and moderate to severe anxiety in 48.9% of patients. Of the 47% of patients who were employed, 36.8% reported loss in productivity while at work. Among patients, 85.9% reported that they had to change or modify goals that were important to them because of AHP. Aside from differences in healthcare utilization and pain severity, scores did not significantly vary with attack rate or use of hemin or glucose prophylactic treatments. AHP substantially impacts patients' physical and emotional well‐being, regardless of hemin or glucose prophylactic treatment or frequency of attacks. This multinational study demonstrates that there is substantial disease burden for patients with AHP, even among those experiencing sporadic attacks or using prophylactic treatment.

Abstract Background Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a renal biomarker correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Objectives Describe changes in SDMA in clinically healthy foals and their mares during the first month postfoaling. Animals Convenience sampling of healthy periparturient Thoroughbred mares and their full‐term foals from a population of client‐owned horses. Methods Serum and EDTA whole blood samples were collected from mares in their last month of pregnancy and then from mares and foals at approximately

Background Emerging evidence suggests that clinical and economic benefits of treatment with mechanical thrombectomy vary by level of reperfusion achieved, and the number of passes required to achieve revascularization. This study aimed to investigate the INFluence of revascularization Attempts on Clinical outcomes of mechanical Thrombectomy and the economic BURDEN (INFACT BURDEN) in Ireland using single center real‐world data from the Irish National Thrombectomy Service database. Methods Primary clinical outcomes were reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b‐3 or 2) among patients treated with 1–3 passes compared with ≥4 passes. Multivariable generalized linear models examined the association between number of passes with outcomes, with adjustment for covariates that may affect outcomes (eg, age, pre‐procedure modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, occlusion site, time from symptom onset to groin puncture). A 90‐day decision‐tree and Markov model with a 5‐year time horizon evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy from the Irish public healthcare payer perspective. Results Eight hundred twenty three patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with patients in the ≥4 passes group, patients in the 1–3 passes group achieved a significantly higher rate of successful reperfusion (94% versus 78%, odds ratio [OR], 4.7; P

Abstract Sympathetic neurons that innervate the heart are located primarily in the stellate ganglia (SG), which also contains neurons that project to brown adipose tissue (BAT). These studies were designed to examine the morphology of these two populations (cardiac‐ and BAT‐projecting) and their target connectivity. We examined SG neurons in C57BL/6J mice following injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (CTb) conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 and Alexa Fluor 555, into cardiac tissue and intrascapular BAT. BAT‐projecting SG neurons were widely dispersed in SG, while cardiac‐projecting SG neurons were localized primarily near the inferior cardiac nerve base. SG neurons were not dual‐labeled, suggesting that sympathetic innervation is specific to the heart and BAT, supporting the idea of “labeled lines” of efferents. Morphologically, cardiac‐projecting SG somata had more volume and were less abundant than BAT‐projecting neurons using our tracer‐labeling paradigm. We found a positive correlation between the number of primary dendrites per neuron and soma volume in cardiac‐projecting SG neurons, though not in BAT‐projecting neurons. In both SG subpopulations, the number of cholinergic inputs marked with vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) puncta contacting the soma was positively correlated to soma volume, suggesting scaling of inputs across a range of neuronal sizes. In separate studies using dual tracing from left and right BAT, we found that BAT‐projecting SG neurons were located predominately ipsilateral to the injection, but a small subset of SG neurons project bilaterally to BAT. This tracing approach will allow the assessment of cell‐specific mechanisms of plasticity within subpopulations of SG neurons.

Abstract The UK and Ireland have many native pony breeds with historical and cultural importance as well as being a source of uncharacterized genetic diversity. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research investigating their genetic diversity and phylogenetic interrelationships. Many studies contain a limited number of pony breeds or small sample sizes for these breeds. This may result in erroneous grouping of pony breeds that otherwise have intricate interrelationships with each other and are not evaluated correctly when placed as a token subset of a larger dataset. This is the first study that specifically investigates the genetic diversity within and between British and Irish native pony breeds using large sample numbers from locations of their native origin. This study used a panel of microsatellite markers and sequence analysis of the mitochondrial control region to analyze the genetic diversity within and between 11 pony breeds from Britain and Ireland. A large dataset was collected (a total of 485 animals were used for mtDNA analysis and 450 for microsatellite analysis), and previously published data were used to place the British and Irish ponies in a global context. The native ponies of Britain and Ireland were found to have had a complex history, and the interrelationships between the breeds were revealed. Overall, high levels of genetic diversity were maintained in native breeds, although some reduction was evident in small or isolated populations (Shetland, Carneddau, and Section C). Unusual mitochondrial diversity distribution patterns were apparent for the Carneddau and Dartmoor, although among breeds and global haplogroups there was a high degree of haplotype sharing evident, well‐represented within British and Irish ponies. Ancestral maternal diversity was maintained by most populations, particularly the Fells and Welsh ponies, which exhibited rare and ancient lineages. The maternal and paternal histories of the breeds are distinct, with male‐biased crossings between native breeds, and other shared influences, likely Arabs and Thoroughbreds, are apparent. The data generated herein provide valuable information to guide and implement the conservation of increasingly rare native genetic resources.

Abstract Objectives To investigate how personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance altered the facial hair of hospital doctors and explore the wider impact and implications of these changes. Methods A single site uncontrolled before‐after survey study examining change in facial hairstyles, and wider implications on doctor's cultural, religious, and personal wellbeing. Outcome measures included change in facial hair between January and April 2020 and whether these changes adhered to guidance set by Public Health England. Participants were also asked about the wider impact of these changes which were thematically analyzed using an inductive approach. Results Of those who completed the survey, 257 participants met the inclusion criteria. 68% (n = 67) of doctors who could grow facial hair changed their facial hairstyle during the COVID‐19 pandemic and 96% (n = 64) reported that the change was in response to PPE guidance. The odds of having a facial hairstyle that complied with PPE guidance before the pandemic was 0.32, which rose to 2.77 after guidance was released, giving an odds ratio of 8.54 (95% CI 4.49‐16.23, P

This Campbell systematic review assesses the effects of advocacy interventions on intimate partner violence and women's wellbeing. The review summarizes findings from 13 studies. Physical abuse: After one year, brief advocacy had no effect in two healthcare studies and one community study, but it reduced minor abuse in one antenatal care study. Another antenatal study showed reduced abuse immediately after brief advocacy, but women were also treated for depression, which may have affected results. Two studies provided weak evidence that intensive advocacy reduces physical abuse up to two years after the intervention. Sexual abuse was reported in four studies that found no effects. Emotional abuse: One antenatal care study reported reduced emotional abuse at 12 months after advocacy. Depression: Brief advocacy prevented depression in abused women attending healthcare services and pregnant women immediately after advocacy. Intensive advocacy did not reduce depression in shelter women followed up at 12 and 24 months. The moderate‐to‐low quality evidence came mostly from studies with a low risk of bias. Quality of life: Three trials of brief advocacy trials no benefit on quality of life. Intensive advocacy showed a weak benefit in two studies in domestic violence shelters/refuges, and a primary care study showed improved motivation to do daily tasks immediately after advocacy. Abstract BACKGROUND Intimate partner abuse is common worldwide, damaging the short‐ and long‐term physical, mental, and emotional health of survivors and children. Advocacy may contribute to reducing abuse, empowering women to improve their situation by providing informal counselling and support for safety planning and increasing access to different services. Advocacy may be a stand‐alone service, accepting referrals from healthcare providers, or part of a multi‐component (and possibly multi‐agency) intervention provided by service staff or others. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of advocacy interventions within or outside healthcare settings in women who have experienced intimate partner abuse. SEARCH METHODS In April 2015, we searched CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and 10 other databases. We also searched WHO ICTRP, mRCT, and UK Clinical Research Network (UKCRN), and examined relevant websites and reference lists with forward citation tracking of included studies. For the original review we handsearched six key journals. We also contacted first authors of eligible papers and experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing advocacy interventions for women with experience of intimate partner abuse versus no intervention or usual care (if advocacy was minimal and fewer than 20% of women received it). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed risk of bias and undertook data extraction. We contacted authors for missing information needed to calculate statistics for the review and looked for adverse events. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 trials involving 2141 participants aged 15 to 65 years, frequently having low socioeconomic status. The studies were quite heterogeneous in terms of methodology, study processes and design, including with regard to the duration of follow‐up (postintervention to three years), although this was not associated with differences in effect. The studies also had considerable clinical heterogeneity in relation to staff delivering advocacy; setting (community, shelter, antenatal, healthcare); advocacy intensity (from 30 minutes to 80 hours); and abuse severity. Three trials evaluated advocacy within multi‐component interventions. Eleven measured some form of abuse (eight scales), six assessed quality of life (three scales), and six measured depression (three scales). Countries and ethnic groups varied (one or more minority ethnic groups in the USA or UK, and local populations in Hong Kong and Peru). Setting was associated with intensity and duration of advocacy. Risk of bias was high in five studies, moderate in five, and low in three. The quality of evidence (considering multiple factors such as risk of bias, study size, missing data) was moderate to low for brief advocacy and very low for intensive advocacy. Incidence of abuse Physical abuse Moderate quality pooled data from two healthcare studies (moderate risk of bias) and one community study (low risk of bias), all with 12‐month follow‐up data, showed no effect on physical abuse for brief (< 12 hours) advocacy interventions (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) ‐ 0.17 to 0.16; n = 558). One antenatal study (low risk of bias) showed an association between brief advocacy and reduced minor physical abuse at one year (mean difference (MD) change ‐ 1.00, 95% CI ‐ 1.82 to ‐ 0.18; n = 110). An antenatal, multi‐component study showed a greater likelihood of physical abuse ending (odds ratio (OR) 0.42, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.75) immediately after advocacy (number needed to treat (NNT) = 8); we cannot exclude impact from other components. Low to very low quality evidence from two intensive advocacy trials (12 hours plus duration) showed reduced severe physical abuse in women leaving a shelter at 24 months (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.77; NNT = 8), but not at 12 or 36 months. Sexual abuse Meta‐analysis of two studies (n = 239) showed no effect of advocacy on sexual abuse (SMD ‐ 0.12, 95% CI ‐ 0.37 to 0.14), agreeing with the change score (MD ‐ 0.07, 95% CI ‐ 0.30 to 0.16) from a third study and the OR (0.96, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.12) from a fourth antenatal, multi‐component study. Emotional abuse One study in antenatal care, rated at low risk of bias, showed reduced emotional abuse at ≤ 12‐month follow‐up (MD (change score) ‐ 4.24, 95% CI ‐ 6.42 to ‐ 2.06; n = 110). Psychosocial health Quality of life Meta‐analysis of two studies (high risk of bias) showed intensive advocacy slightly improved overall quality of life of women recruited from shelters (MD 0.23, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.46; n = 343) at 12‐month follow‐up, with greater improvement in perceived physical quality of life from a primary care study (high risk of bias; MD 4.90, 95% CI 0.98 to 8.82) immediately postintervention. Depression Meta‐analysis of two studies in healthcare settings, one at high risk of bias and one at moderate risk, showed that fewer women developed depression (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.65; n = 149; NNT = 4) with brief advocacy. One study at high risk of bias reported a slight reduction in depression in pregnant women immediately after the intervention (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.29; n = 103; NNT = 8). There was no evidence that intensive advocacy reduced depression at ≤ 12‐month follow‐up (MD ‐ 0.14, 95% CI ‐ 0.33 to 0.05; 3 studies; n = 446) or at two years (SMD – 0.12, 95% CI – 0.36 to 0.12; 1 study; n = 265). Adverse effects Two women died, one who was murdered by her partner and one who committed suicide. No evidence links either death to study participation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Results suggest some benefits from advocacy. However, most studies were underpowered. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity largely precluded pooling of trials. Therefore, there is uncertainty about the magnitude of benefit, the impact of abuse severity, and the setting. Based on the evidence reviewed, intensive advocacy may improve short‐term quality of life and reduce physical abuse one to two years after the intervention for women recruited from domestic violence shelters or refuges. Brief advocacy may provide small short‐term mental health benefits and reduce abuse, particularly in pregnant women and for less severe abuse. Plain language summary LIMITED EVIDENCE AND LIMITED EFFECTS OF ADVOCACY TO REDUCE INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE The Campbell review in brief Intensive advocacy may improve everyday life for women in domestic violence shelters/refuges and reduce physical abuse. There is no clear evidence that intensive advocacy reduces sexual, emotional, or overall abuse, or that it benefits women's mental health. It is unclear whether brief advocacy is effective. What is this review about? Partner abuse or domestic violence is common worldwide. It includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; threats; withholding money; causing injury; and long lasting physical and emotional health problems. Active support by trained people, which is called ‘advocacy‘, may help women make safety plans, deal with abuse, and access community resources. Advocacy may be a stand‐alone service, accepting referrals from healthcare providers, or part of a multi‐component, and possibly multi‐agency, intervention. It may take place in the community, a shelter, or as part of antenatal or other healthcare, and vary in intensity from less than an hour to 80 hours. Advocacy may contribute to reducing abuse, empowering women to improve their situation by providing informal counselling and support for safety planning and increasing access to different services. What is the aim of this review? This Campbell systematic review assesses the effects of advocacy interventions on intimate partner violence and women's wellbeing. The review summarizes findings from 13 studies. What studies are included in this review? This review summarizes evidence from 13 clinical trials comparing advocacy for 1,241 abused women with no care or usual care. Most studies followed up on the women for at least a year. Does advocacy reduce intimate partner violence and improve women's wellbeing? Physical abuse: After one year, brief advocacy had no effect in two healthcare studies and one community study, but it reduced minor abuse in one antenatal care study. Another antenatal study showed reduced abuse immediately after brief advocacy, but women were also treated for depression, which may have affected results. Two studies provided weak evidence that intensive advocacy reduces physical abuse up to two years after the intervention. Sexual abuse was reported in four studies that found no effects. Emotional abuse: One antenatal care study reported reduced emotional abuse at 12 months after advocacy. Depression: Brief advocacy prevented depression in abused women attending healthcare services and pregnant women immediately after advocacy. Intensive advocacy did not reduce depression in shelter women followed up at 12 and 24 months. The moderate‐to‐low quality evidence came mostly from studies with a low risk of bias. Quality of life: Three trials of brief advocacy trials no benefit on quality of life. Intensive advocacy showed a weak benefit in two studies in domestic violence shelters/refuges, and a primary care study showed improved motivation to do daily tasks immediately after advocacy. What do the results mean? Intensive advocacy may improve everyday life for women in domestic violence shelters/refuges in the short term and reduce physical abuse one to two years after the intervention. There is no clear evidence that intensive advocacy reduces sexual, emotional, or overall abuse, or that it benefits women's mental health. It is unclear whether brief advocacy is effective, although it may provide short‐term mental health benefits and reduce abuse, particularly in pregnant women and those suffering less severe abuse. Several studies summarised in this review are potentially biased because of weak study designs. There was little consistency between studies, with variations in the amount of advocacv given, the type of benefits measured, and the lengths of follow‐up periods, making it hard to combine their results. So it is not possible to be certain how much or which type of advocacy interventions benefit women. How up to date is this review? The search for this review was updated in April 2015, and the review published in January 2016. What is the Campbell Collaboration? The Campbell Collaboration is an international, voluntary, non‐profit research network that publishes systematic reviews. We summarise and evaluate the quality of evidence about programmes in social and behavioural sciences. Our aim is to help people make better choices and better policy decisions. About this summary This summary was prepared by Howard White (Campbell Collaboration) and is based on the Campbell Systematic Review 2016:02 ‘Advocacy interventions to reduce or eliminate violence and promote the physical and psychosocial well‐being of women who experience intimate partner abuse’ by Carol Rivas, Jean Ramsay, Laura Sadowski, Leslie L Davidson, Danielle Dunne, Sandra Eldridge, Kelsey Hegarty, Angela Taft, Gene Feder. Anne Mellbye (R‐BUP) designed the summary, which was edited and produced by Tanya Kristiansen (Campbell Collaboration).