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Your search keyword '"[ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO]"' showing total 3 results
Start Over Descriptor "[ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO]" Publisher wiley
3 results on '"[ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO]"'

1. Cortical motor output decreases after neuromuscular fatigue induced by electrical stimulation of the plantar flexor muscles

Author

Alain Varray, Gerard Derosiere, Maria Papaiordanidou, François Alexandre, Maxime Billot, Varray, Alain, Euromov (EuroMov), Université de Montpellier (UM), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Euromov ( EuroMov ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )

Subjects
Adult, Male, Recruitment, Neurophysiological, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Physiology, Stimulation, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Somatosensory system, Plantar flexion, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electromyography, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Motor Cortex, 030229 sport sciences, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Electric Stimulation, Peripheral, Electrophysiology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Muscle Fatigue, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction, Motor cortex
Abstract

Aim Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) causes early onset of neuromuscular fatigue. Peripheral electrophysiological explorations suggest that supra-spinal alterations are involved through sensitive afferent pathways. As sensory input is projected over the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), S1 area involvement in inhibiting the central motor drive can be hypothesized. This study assessed cortical activity under a fatiguing NMES protocol at low frequency. Methods Twenty healthy males performed five NMES sequences of 17 trains over the plantar flexors (30 Hz, 4 s on/6 s off). Before and after each sequence, neuromuscular tests composed of maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) were carried out. Cortical activity was assessed during MVCs with functional near-infrared spectroscopy over S1 and primary motor (M1) areas, through oxy- [HbO] and deoxy-haemoglobin [HbR] variation. Electrophysiological data (H-reflex during MVC, EMG activity and level of voluntary activation) were also recorded. Results MVC torque significantly decreased after the first 17 NMES trains (P

Published
2015

2. Studies using pharmacological blockade of muscle afferents provide new insights into the neurophysiology of perceived exertion

Author

Benjamin Pageaux, Jérémie Gaveau, Pageaux, Benjamin, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Physiology, Physical Exertion, Perceived exertion, Cardiovascular, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Muscles, 030229 sport sciences, [ SDV.MHEP.CSC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Neurophysiology, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Blockade, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

The increase in blood pressure observed during physical activities is exaggerated in patients with hypertension, exposing them to a higher cardiovascular risk.Neural signals from the skeletal muscles appear to be overactive, resulting in this abnormal response in hypertensive patients.In the present study, we tested whether the attenuation of these neural signals in hypertensive patients could normalize their abnormal increase in blood pressure during physical activity.Attenuation of the neural signals from the leg muscles with intrathecal fentanyl injection reduced the blood pressure of hypertensive men during cycling exercise to a level comparable to that of normotensive men.Skeletal muscle afferent overactivity causes the abnormal cardiovascular response to exercise and was reverted in this experimental model, appearing as potential target for treatment.

Published
2016

3. Circulatory effects of apnoea in elite breath-hold divers

Author

Pierre Fontanari, Pierre Barthélémy, Fabrice Joulia, Frédéric Lemaître, Marie-Laure Mille, Université de Toulon (UTLN), Processus d'Activation Sélective par Transfert d'Energie Uni-électronique ou Radiatif (UMR 8640) (PASTEUR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University [Evanston]-Northwestern University [Evanston], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire Francis PERRIN (LFP - URA 2453), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dysoxie, suractivité : aspects cellulaires et intégratifs thérapeutiques (DS-ACI / UMR MD2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biomodélisation et Ingénierie des Handicaps - EA 4322 ( HANDIBIO ), Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Association pour Promotion de la Recherche sur l’Apnée et les Activités Subaquatique ( APRAAS ), Dysoxie, suractivité : aspects cellulaires et intégratifs thérapeutiques ( DS-ACI / UMR MD2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’études des transformations des activités physiques et sportives ( CETAPS ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société ( IRIHS ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire ( SCV-AP-MM Marseille ), Hôpital Nord AP‐MM Marseille, France ( AP‐MM Marseille ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire de Biomodélisation et Ingénierie des Handicaps - EA 4322 (HANDIBIO), Association pour Promotion de la Recherche sur l’Apnée et les Activités Subaquatique (APRAAS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d’études des transformations des activités physiques et sportives (CETAPS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire (SCV-AP-MM Marseille), Hôpital Nord AP‐MM Marseille, France (AP‐MM Marseille), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
Male, Bradycardia, Apnea, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Diving, Hemodynamics, Poison control, Perfusion scanning, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.artery, Heart rate, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], blood flow, Humans, Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], hypoxia, business.industry, Brain, Blood flow, Adaptation, Physiological, apnoea response, respiratory tract diseases, Carotid Arteries, Athletes, Regional Blood Flow, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Anesthesia, Circulatory system, Respiratory Mechanics, medicine.symptom, Internal carotid artery, business, oxygen conservation, Blood Flow Velocity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Aim: Voluntary apnoea induces several physiological adaptations, including bradycardia, arterial hypertension and redistribution of regional blood flows. Elite breath-hold divers (BHDs) are able to maintain very long apnoea, inducing severe hypoxaemia without brain injury or black-out. It has thus been hypothesized that they develop protection mechanisms against hypoxia, as well as a decrease in overall oxygen uptake. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the apnoea response was studied in BHDs and non-divers (NDs) during static and dynamic apnoeas (SA, DA). Heart arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)), and popliteal artery blood flow were rate, recorded to investigate the oxygen-conserving effect of apnoea response, and the internal carotid artery blood flow was used to examine the mechanisms of cerebral protection. Results: The bradycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction were accentuated in BHDs compared with NDs (P < 0.01), in association with a smaller SaO(2) decrease (-2.7% vs. -4.9% during SA, P < 0.01 and -6% vs. -11.3% during DA, P < 0.01). Greater increase in carotid artery blood flow was also measured during apnoea in BHDs than in controls. Conclusion: These results confirm that elite divers present a potentiation of the well-known apnoea response in both SA and DA conditions. This response is associated with higher brain perfusion which may partly explain the high levels of world apnoea records.

Published
2009

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