26,267 results
Search Results
2. A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO FAILURE MODE, EFFECTS AND CRITICALITY ANALYSIS (FMECA) FOR COMPUTING SYSTEMS
- Author
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James Carlin Becker and Glenn Flick
- Subjects
Engineering ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,Criticality matrix ,System safety ,Air traffic control ,Computing systems ,Reliability engineering ,Reliability (semiconductor) ,Failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis ,Criticality ,Software fault tolerance ,Systems engineering ,business ,Failure mode and effects analysis - Abstract
The paper presents an approach developed and used for Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) of a distributed computing system for air traffic control. The concepts, benefits, failure mode classifications, FMECA process and conclusions are summarized. The concept of failure mode criticality and its assessment for system safety is also addressed.
- Published
- 1996
3. "Being a team of five strong women… we had to make an impression:" The College Math Academy as an intervention into mathematics education.
- Author
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Bhattacharya N, Langhout RD, Sylvane Vaccarino-Ruiz S, Jackson N, Woolfe M, Matta W, Zuniga B, Rowe Z, and Gibo L
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Mathematics, Students, Universities, Engineering education, Technology education
- Abstract
This paper, a first-person account, describes a community psychology-aligned intervention into a precalculus mathematics class at an Hispanic Serving Research Institution. The intervention was designed because the standard precalculus mathematics class had a high failure rate, especially for Latinx students, which was serving as a barrier for declaration of a Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics major. The high failure rate indicates a structural problem that requires a structural intervention. The paper is coauthored with the teaching team, undergraduates who had taken the course, a graduate student who evaluated the class, and a community psychologist. We describe the ways that the new course, the College Math Academy, transformed the social environment through capacity building, providing access to valued resources for historically marginalized groups, facilitating opportunities to critique dominant power structures, prioritizing perspectives and experiences of people of color, and promoting understanding of how various social forces shape culture and values. The course also decentered white educational norms via adapting decoloniality and liberatory practices. In turn, each person describes their experience of the course. We draw on the first-person accounts to show how they illustrate a transformative, decolonial, and liberatory social environment. We end with implications for how community psychologists can work in their universities to support structural change., (© 2021 Society for Community Research and Action.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Physical and mental well-being of cobot workers: A scoping review using the Software-Hardware-Environment-Liveware-Liveware-Organization model
- Author
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Fabio A. Storm, Mattia Chiappini, Carla Dei, Caterina Piazza, Elisabeth André, Nadine Reißner, Ingrid Brdar, Antonella Delle Fave, Patrick Gebhard, Matteo Malosio, Alberto Peña Fernández, Snježana Štefok, and Gianluigi Reni
- Subjects
Technology ,Science & Technology ,ERGONOMICS ,human robot collaboration ,Cobots ,Human Robot Collaboration ,SHELLO model ,Health and Well-being ,Sociotechnical systems ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,PERFORMANCE ,WORKING ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,sociotechnical systems ,Engineering, Manufacturing ,cobots ,Engineering ,DESIGN ,SYSTEMS ,SAFETY ,WORKLOAD ,health and well-being ,HUMAN-ROBOT COLLABORATION ,SHEL MODEL ,METHODOLOGY - Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the current state of the art concerning factors affecting physical and mental health and well- being of workers using collaborative robots (cobots) in manufacturing industries. A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to identify studies aimed at investigating potential factors affecting workers’ physical and mental health and well-being during human-robot collaboration. Each identified factor was classified using the SHELLO (Software-Hardware- Environment-Liveware-Liveware-Organization) conceptual model. Strengths and limitations of such an approach were outlined. A total of 53 papers were included in the scoping review. In 35 papers at least one risk factor referred to the SHELLO Liveware-Hardware interaction, followed by factors concerning Liveware-Software (16 papers), Liveware-Liveware (11 papers), the Liveware intrinsic factor (10 papers), Liveware- Organization (8 papers), and Liveware-Environment (8 papers). Most of the factors classified within the L-H interaction related with physical well- being, while factors classified in the remaining SHELLO interactions were mainly associated with mental and psychological well-being. The scoping review provided a structured overview of factors affecting physical and mental health and well- being of cobot workers. The SHELLO model proved to effectively highlight human factors relevant for the design of future generations of cobots and can be used to provide a systemic approach to investigate human factors in other complex sociotechnical systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the model is applied in the field of human-cobot interaction.
- Published
- 2022
5. Mechanical and interfacial characterisation of leading‐edge protection materials for wind turbine blade applications
- Author
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Ioannis Katsivalis, Angeliki Chanteli, William Finnegan, and Trevor M. Young
- Subjects
CT scan ,Engineering ,wind energy facility ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,leading-edge protection ,rain erosion ,coating characterisation ,40 Engineering - Abstract
Modern wind turbine blades experience tip speeds that can exceed 110 m/s. At such speeds, water droplet impacts can cause erosion of the leading edge, which can have a detrimental effect on the performance of the wind turbine blade. More specifically, rain erosion is leading to both reduced efficiency and increased repair costs. The industry is using polymeric coatings—leading-edge protection (LEP) materials—to protect the blades but those are also prone to rain erosion. In this work, LEP materials that are currently used by the industry for the protection of wind turbine blades were selected and their performance assessed. The LEP materials were characterised in terms of mechanical properties by using different experimental methods, and they were also assessed in terms of durability by performing rain erosion testing (RET). Finally, the damage and failure mechanisms observed were further investigated using CT scanning. This paper provides an insight to the properties of LEP materials, their durability, and the damage and failure mechanisms they experienced during rain erosion.
- Published
- 2022
6. Modeling Heavy Metal Behavior in Sustainable Drainage Systems: A Case Study
- Author
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J Alejandro Dussaillant and Ruth Quinn
- Subjects
Pollution ,Engineering ,Macropore ,business.industry ,Soil organic matter ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Environmental engineering ,Bioretention ,Rain garden ,Impervious surface ,Environmental Chemistry ,Drainage ,business ,Groundwater ,Water Science and Technology ,media_common - Abstract
A major problem of increased urbanization is the rise in pollution caused by run-off. Among alternative management strategies, the use of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) such as rain gardens and other bioretention facilities is becoming an increasingly attractive option to reduce these problems. However, there are few tools if any available for their design considering pollutant retention. In this paper, a dual-permeability based model that predicts the fate of heavy metals in SuDS is presented, and applied to the design of a rain garden system for a planned roundabout in Kent, UK. Preliminary design considered an upper root zone layer with organic soil and a sandy storage sub-layer, each 30 cm thick, for a bioretention area of 5 and 10% the size of the contributing impervious surface. Two scenarios are examined: the accumulation and movement of metals without macropores and the possibility of groundwater contamination due to preferential flow. It is shown that levels of lead can build up in the upper layers of the system, but only constitute a health hazard (surpass UK standard of 750 mg/kg) after 10 years. Simulations show that copper was successfully retained (no significant concentrations below 50 cm of rain garden soil depth). Finally, given concerns of preferential flow bypassing bioretention facilities, macropore flow was examined. Results indicated that due to site conditions it was not a threat to groundwater in the timeframe considered.
- Published
- 2013
7. Theoretical and experimental sensing of bone healing by microwave approach
- Author
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Volkan Akdoğan, Vedat Özkaner, Fatih Özkan Alkurt, Muharrem Karaaslan, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi -- Petrol ve Doğalgaz Mühendisliği Bölümü, Akdoğan, Volkan, Özkaner, Vedat, Alkurt, Fatih Özkan, and Karaaslan, Muharrem
- Subjects
Horn antennas ,Medical imaging systems ,Imaging method ,Engineering ,Microwave antennas ,Bone growth ,Patch Antennas ,Imaging systems ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Imaging Science & Photographic Technology ,Microwaves ,Biotelemetry ,Bone healing ,Measurement ,Electrical Engineering, Electronics & Computer Science - Wireless Technology - WBAN ,Monopole antennas ,Transmission reduction ,Human health ,Electromagnetics ,Optics ,Bone structure ,Design approaches ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Antenna ,Antennas ,Medical imaging ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Microwave ,Simulation ,Medical applications ,Software - Abstract
A medical imaging system is often required to monitor bone growth or bone healing in patients. X-ray imaging method is one of the most used imaging systems but it affects human health due to the ionizing effect of X-rays on matter. In this paper, authors investigated the healing period of a bone structure by using electromagnetic antennas. Two different design approaches were examined which are the monopole antenna approach and the horn antenna approach with the frequency bands of 4-10 and 3-18 GHz, respectively. According to simulation results of the first scenario, radius change of a circular bone from 1 to 8 mm causes a transmission reduction from -13.5 dB to -20 dB at 7 GHz. In the second scenario, the thickness of the bone changed from 0.05 to 20 mm and the corresponding transmission value is reduced from -5 to -25 dB at 10 GHz of constant frequency. All these two approaches showed that the bone variation with time changes the transmission characteristics of detector antennas at the operating frequencies. In the last step of this study, an experimental measurement is carried out by using two opposite horn antennas and a planar bone structure in microwave laboratory. The measured results are in a good agreement with the simulated results in the second scenario. This study gives an opportunity to determine bone healing periods in medical applications by microwave techniques.
- Published
- 2022
8. Circuit modeling for ultra-wideband Tx-Rx antenna systems based on frequency domain S-parameters
- Author
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Zhifeng Wu, Yunlu Wang, and Bin Li
- Subjects
Reconfigurable antenna ,Engineering ,business.industry ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS ,Antenna measurement ,Electrical engineering ,Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY ,Oscillograph ,Antenna tuner ,Computer Science Applications ,law.invention ,Microstrip antenna ,Horn antenna ,law ,Modeling and Simulation ,Frequency domain ,Electronic engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Antenna (radio) ,business - Abstract
This paper presents a circuit modeling procedure for Ultra-wideband (UWB) Tx-Rx antenna systems based on frequency domain S-parameters. The modeling used an existing two-port network's model consisting of four SPICE analog behavioral modules. The accuracy of the model has been validated by comparing its transient response with the measurement result using an oscillograph. This model can be used for the co-design of the UWB Tx-Rx antenna system with transmitters and receivers in circuit simulators. In the study, Tx-Rx antenna systems using planar bow-tie antenna and horn antenna with ultra-wide bandwidths are used as examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2010
9. FRF simulation of structural joints with uncertain parameters
- Author
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Lothar Gaul, Michael Hanss, and Stefan Oexl
- Subjects
Engineering ,Frequency response ,Transformation (function) ,business.industry ,Control theory ,Fuzzy arithmetic ,Fuzzy number ,Model parameters ,business ,Joint (geology) ,Computer Science::Databases - Abstract
For the simulation of systems with uncertain parameters, the application of fuzzy arithmetic proves to be a practical approach. The uncertainties in the model parameters can be taken into account by defining them as fuzzy numbers, and the uncertain system can then be simulated by applying fuzzy arithmetic based on the so-called transformation method. As an example, a normally-loaded joint which connects two rods in axial direction is discussed in the paper. A worst-case scenario for the frequency response function (FRF) of the coupled rods with uncertainties in the joint can be obtained, and additionally, one can get information about how much each of the uncertain model parameters contributes to the overall uncertainty of the model output at different frequencies of excitation.
- Published
- 2003
10. Optimal arch forms under in‐plane seismic loading in different gravitational environments
- Author
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C. Málaga‐Chuquitaype, T. McLean, N. Kalapodis, C. Kolonas, and G. Kampas
- Subjects
arch optimization ,Technology ,Engineering, Civil ,Science & Technology ,failure mechanism ,Strategic, Defence & Security Studies ,extraterrestrial structures ,MINIMUM THICKNESS ,STEREOTOMY ,MASONRY ARCHES ,seismic analysis ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,0905 Civil Engineering ,limit thrust-line ,REGOLITH ,Engineering ,DESIGN ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,SHAPE ,Engineering, Geological - Abstract
This paper is motivated by the renewed interest in space exploration and the need to provide structurally sound and resource-efficient shielding solutions for valuable assets and future habitable modules. We present, implement and test a methodology for the preliminary design and assessment of optimal arch forms subjected to self-weight as well as seismically induced loads. The numerical framework, built around a limit thrust-line analysis, previously published by the authors, is summarized first. This is followed by a detailed account of the form-finding algorithm for arches of variable thickness. Special attention is placed on the physical feasibility of our assumptions and the justification of the engineering inputs adopted. The newly form-found arches achieve material efficiencies between 10% and 50% in comparison with their constant minimum-thickness circular or elliptical counterparts, depending on the relative intensity of the seismic action. The influence of the initial input geometry and the stabilising presence of additional shielding material against extreme radiation are also evaluated with emphasis on the effects of low-gravity conditions. Finally, a case study is presented and Discrete Element Models of constant and varying thickness arches (VTAs) are assessed under a set of representative ground-motions on a lunar setting. The significant over-conservatism of constant thickness arches (CTAs) is made manifest and potential improvements of the optimally found arch shape are highlighted. Although developed with extraterrestrial applications in mind, the results and methods we present herein are also applicable to terrestrial conditions when material efficiency is of utmost concern.
- Published
- 2022
11. Reactive dyes for living cells: applications, artefacts, and some comparisons with textile dyeing
- Author
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Hua Zhang, Richard W. Horobin, and Juan C. Stockert
- Subjects
Engineering ,Textile dyeing ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,General Chemical Engineering ,business ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
An inclusive chemical definition of “reactive” dyeing of textiles is introduced, encompassing the CI Azoic, CI Mordant, CI Reactive, CI Sulphur and CI Vat dye application classes. Such reactive dyeing increases fibre retention of dye and makes application practically possible. The analogous application of dyes and fluorescent probes as microscopic stains in biology and medicine is outlined, focussing on using reactive fluorescent probes with living cells. Parallels with textile dyeing are noted, eg, enhanced probe retention and facilitation of probe application. However, the primary purpose of using reactive probes with live cells is detection of properties of biological systems: to identify biological structures and chemical/biochemical contents; assess biological functions and physicochemical properties; and determine changes in locations of cells and cell components. Problems occurring with such probes are outlined, particularly the problematic character of many standard protocols, and localisation artefacts arising with reactive probes whose reactant and product species are physiochemically significantly different. This latter problem is explored via a case study of possible reactant/product artefacts with probes for reactive oxygen species. Comparison of experimental observations of probe localisations with the localisations predicted using quantitative structure activity (QSAR) modelling indicates that such artefacts can occur with a significant proportion of chemically diverse, widely used, commercially available probes, as well as with experimental compounds reported in the literature. A graphical flowchart is provided to assess possible occurrence of reactant/product artefacts arising with reactive fluorescent probes localising in various organelles of living cells.
- Published
- 2022
12. 2.3.1 A Practical Program of Research to Measure Systems Engineering Return on Investment (SE-ROI)
- Author
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Eric Honour
- Subjects
Research program ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Identification (information) ,Work (electrical) ,Categorization ,Economic indicator ,Return on investment ,Systems engineering ,Quality (business) ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Past analysis has shown that there is a quantifiable correlation between the amount, types and quality of systems engineering efforts used during a program and the success of the program. For any given program, an amount, type and quality of systems engineering effort can be selected from the quantified correlations. The optimal nature of these selections, however, has not yet been explored. An ongoing project, Systems Engineering Return on Investment (SE-ROI), aims to quantify the correlations by gathering data on current and completed programs. This paper describes the practical program of research being used in the SE-ROI project and the current state of that development. The research program involves defining categorization sufficient to explore the correlations, implementing that categorization onto data sheets, gathering data from real programs through a personal interview process with the program leaders, and then performing statistical work to reveal the correlations. The project expects to achieve practical results in the form of (a) statistical correlation of SE methods with project success, to understand how much of each SE method is appropriate under what conditions, (b) leading indicators that can be used during a project to assess the project's expected future success and risks, and (c) identification of good SE practices that are appropriate to generate success under different conditions. 1
- Published
- 2006
13. AN OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF THE NAVSEA HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING PROGRAM IN SHIP DESIGN
- Author
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Russell A. Benel, Norman I. Stein, and Thomas B. Malone
- Subjects
Engineering ,Process (engineering) ,Program plan ,business.industry ,Maintainability ,Mechanical engineering ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Ocean Engineering ,Context (language use) ,Naval architecture ,Systems engineering ,Systems design ,Engineering design process ,business - Abstract
This paper provides a context within which the role of human factors engineering (HFE) for Naval ship design may be understood. HFE is defined and its history as part of engineering design teams is traced. The role of HFE in ship systems design is defined, and the HFE Technology for Ships Program, managed by SEA 061R, is described. The rationale for inclusion of HFE in the design process is presented, the methodology whereby it is incorporated into the design process is detailed, methodology to assess the application of HFE is outlined, and the benefits that will accrue as a result of inclusion of HFE considerations in the design process are documented. The counterpoint to inclusion is illustrated through instances of design-induced human errors. A specific application of HFE in the acquisition process is illustrated through use of the Landing Craft, Air Cushion HFE program plan. The difficulties which may be encountered as the size of the target system expands are described. Potential roadblocks to the required incorporation of HFE are examined for their source and possible ameliorative steps.
- Published
- 1983
14. Adaptive array antenna combined with tapped delay line using processing gain for direct-sequence/spread-spectrum multiple-access system
- Author
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Hideki Imai, Hefeng Wang, and Ryuji Kohno
- Subjects
Engineering ,Computer Networks and Communications ,business.industry ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS ,Antenna measurement ,Direct-sequence spread spectrum ,Spread spectrum ,Sensor array ,Single antenna interference cancellation ,Electronic engineering ,Array gain ,Antenna noise temperature ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Antenna (radio) ,business ,Computer Science::Information Theory - Abstract
As countermeasures for co-channel interference from simultaneously accessing users in the spread spectrum multiple access (SSMA), co-channel interference cancellers using the adaptive digital filters, and array antennas and their combinations have been proposed. However, in these systems, it is necessary to generate a reference signal with a large correlation with the desired wave in receiver so that their coefficients can be updated adaptively. In the SSMA, a method has been proposed in which the reference signal generated by respreading of the demodulated data is used for the updating of the weight coefficient of the array antenna. However, as the input interference and the noise power increase, the convergence of the array antenna becomes difficult. Also, in the conventional method, most of the discussions have been limited to an array antenna in which one weight coefficient corresponds to an array element. However, as the interference signal bandwidth increases, the wideband interference signals cannot sufficiently be removed from the antenna output. In this paper, from the viewpoint of improving the co-channel interference elimination capability of the array antenna in the space domain, the reduction of the noise component and the co-channel interference in the error signal for the array antenna updating is considered and an updating method for an adaptive array antenna using the spread spectrum processing gain is proposed. Further, from the viewpoint of increasing the co-channel interference elimination capability of the array antenna in the time domain, a receiving system using a TDL (tapped delay line) adaptive array antenna is proposed to increase the frequency characteristics of the bandstop filter for a wideband spread spectrum signal. Finally, by means of a computer simulation, the basic characteristics of the updating method and the performance of the receiving system are evaluated. It is shown that good characteristics can be obtained under an environment with co-channel interference and noise power higher than in the conventional system.
- Published
- 1993
15. High-temperature effect on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concretes including waste tire rubber
- Author
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Murat Ozturk, Muzeyyen Balcikanli Bankir, Umur Korkut Sevim, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi -- İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Öztürk, Murat, Bankir, Müzeyyen Balçıkanlı, and Sevim, Umur Korkut
- Subjects
Fiber reinforcement (e) ,Composite ,Compressive strength ,Fibre-reinforced ,Polypropylenes ,Properties of fiber ,Rubber Waste ,Tensile strength ,Engineering ,Mechanical Properties ,Fresh ,Heat resistance ,Fiber types ,General Materials Science ,Fiber ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Crumb rubber ,Behavior ,Resistance tests ,Beams ,Fiber-reinforced concretes ,Building and Construction ,Steel fibers ,Pull-out strength ,Reinforced concrete ,Mechanics of Materials ,Electrical Engineering, Electronics & Computer Science - Telecommunications - Interdisciplinary Applications ,Construction & Building Technology ,Rubber ,Strength ,Carbon steel fibers ,Abrasion ,Specific heat ,Waste tyre rubbers ,Tires ,Concrete - Abstract
In this paper, concretes including three different fiber types (carbon steel fiber [CSF], forta ferro fiber [FFF], and polypropylene fiber [PPF]) with different percentages by volume (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) and crumb rubber (CR) as a replacement of fine aggregate by volume (5%, 10%, and 15%) are mechanically investigated. Compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, pull out strength, and elevated heat resistance tests are conducted 28 days after casting on the prepared concrete specimens. For the elevated heat resistance test, samples are exposed to 200, 400, and 600 degrees C heat for 2 h and then compressive strength test is applied. According to the test results, fiber reinforcement limits compressive strength decrease and improves flexural tensile strength properties of the rubberized concretes. The positive effect of the fiber reinforcement is also observed on the samples conducted to pull out strength and elevated temperature resistance tests. CSF and PPF reinforced rubberized concretes perform better pull-out resistance then the FFF reinforced rubberized concretes. Elevated heat resistance test is as expected since with elevation of the temperature strength of the concrete decreases. But according to the test results of the present study, the strength decrease seems to be limited with fiber reinforcement. As a result, incorporation of the fiber and CR could help to utilize more waste tire (CR) in concrete to produce sustainable eco-friendly concrete.
- Published
- 2022
16. Small-Scale Hydro-Power in the UK
- Author
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T. Kirk
- Subjects
Government ,Engineering ,Environmental Engineering ,Mains electricity ,business.industry ,Site selection ,Legislation ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Environmental economics ,Pollution ,Electric power system ,Electricity generation ,Hydroelectricity ,Operations management ,Project management ,business ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Small hydro-power technology is well established in the UK. A relatively recent renewal of interest in the development of mini hydro-electric projects may be attributed in part to the privatization of the electricity supply industry, various changes in legislation, and the provision of Government grant funding. With particular reference to potential applications in the water-supply industry, this paper describes (a) considerations dictating site identification, (b) the establishment of potential power and energy outputs, (c) the selection and arrangement of plant, and (d) the connection of the generating sets to the electrical system. Typical plant and project costs, together with aspects of economic viability, are outlined.
- Published
- 1999
17. Water-assisted melt processing of cellulose biocomposites with poly(ε-caprolactone) or poly(ethylene-acrylic acid) for the production of carton screw caps
- Author
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Jan Wahlberg, Abhijit Venkatesh, Antal Boldizar, Angelica Avella, Karl Banke, Giada Lo Re, Lilian Forsgren, and Fabiola Vilaseca
- Subjects
Termoplàstics -- Propietats mecàniques ,business.product_category ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Materials compostos ,Pulp (paper) ,General Chemistry ,Composite materials ,engineering.material ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Carton ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Viscosity ,chemistry ,Rheology ,Compounding ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Cellulose ,Composite material ,business ,Thermoplastics -- Mechanical properties ,Caprolactone ,Acrylic acid - Abstract
Composites in 25 kg batches were compounded of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and shaped into caps at industrial facilities on a pilot-plant scale. Some of the material was also injection molded into plaques to compare the effect of laboratory-scale and pilot-scale compounding of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA7) and poly(caprolactone) composites reinforced with 10 wt% CNC and TMP. The materials compounded under laboratory-scale conditions showed a different morphology, improved mechanical properties, and a higher viscosity, than the materials compounded on a pilot-scale. In some cases, the rheological properties of the melts indicated the presence of a relatively strong percolating cellulosic network, and the interphase region between the cellulose and the matrix appears to be important for the mechanical performance of the composites. After the compounding on a pilot scale, both the length and width of the pulp fibers was reduced. The TMP provided better reinforcement than the CNC possibly due to the higher aspect ratio.
- Published
- 2022
18. Two‐fluid single‐column modelling of Rayleigh–Bénard convection as a step towards multi‐fluid modelling of atmospheric convection
- Author
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Peter Clark, Daniel Shipley, William A. McIntyre, and Hilary Weller
- Subjects
Convection ,Atmospheric Science ,Buoyancy ,Forcing (mathematics) ,Mechanics ,engineering.material ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Heat flux ,Atmospheric convection ,engineering ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Current (fluid) ,Scaling ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Geology ,Rayleigh–Bénard convection - Abstract
Multi-fluid models have recently been proposed as an approach to improving the representation of convection in weather and climate models. This is an attractive framework as it is fundamentally dynamical, removing some of the assumptions of mass-flux convection schemes which are invalid at current model resolutions. However, it is still not understood how best to close the multi-fluid equations for atmospheric convection. In this paper we develop a simple two-fluid, single-column model with one rising and one falling fluid. No further modelling of sub-filter variability is included. We then apply this model to Rayleigh-Benard convection, showing that, with minimal closures, the correct scaling of the heat flux (Nu) is predicted over six orders of magnitude of buoyancy forcing (Ra). This suggests that even a very simple two-fluid model can accurately capture the dominant coherent overturning structures of convection.
- Published
- 2021
19. Ore-Forming Fluids as Sampled by Sulfide- and Quartz-Hosted Fluid Inclusions in the Jinwozi Lode Gold Deposit, Eastern Tianshan Mountains of China
- Author
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Zengqian Hou, Xiaofei Pan, and Wei Liu
- Subjects
Geochemistry ,Mineralogy ,Geology ,engineering.material ,Sphalerite ,δ34S ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Galena ,engineering ,Fluid inclusions ,Pyrite ,Inclusion (mineral) ,Vein (geology) ,Quartz - Abstract
The Jinwozi lode gold deposit in the eastern Tianshan Mountains of China includes auriferous quartz veins and network quartz veins that are exemplified by the Veins 3 and 210, respectively. This paper presents H-, O-isotope compositions and gas compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides and quartz, and S-, Pb-isotope compositions of sulfide separates collected from the principal Stage 2 ores in Veins 3 and 210. Fluid inclusions trapped in quartz and sphalerite are pseudo-secondary and primary. They were trapped from the fluids during the successive or alternate precipitation of quartz with sulfides. H- and O-isotope compositions of fluid inclusion of three pyrite and one quartz separates from Vein 210 plot within the field of degassed melt, which is evidence for the incorporation of magmatic fluid as well with some possibility of contribution of metamorphic water to the hydrothermal system since the two datasets show a higher oxygen isotopic ratio than those of degassed melt. However, δD and δ18O values of fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides and quartz from Vein 3 are distinctly lower than those from Vein 210. In addition, salinities of fluid inclusion from Vein 3, approximately 3 to 6 wt% NaCl equivalent, are considerably lower than those from Vein 210, which are approximately 8 to 14 wt% NaCl equivalent. Ore-forming fluids of Veins 3 and 210 have migrated through the relatively high and low levels in the imbricate-thrust column where rock deformation is characterized by dilatancy or ductile–brittle transition, respectively. Therefore, the ore-forming fluid of Vein 3 is interpreted to have mixed with greater amounts of meteoric-derived groundwater than that of Vein 210. Fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides contain considerably higher abundances of gaseous species of CO2, N2, H2S, and so on, than those hosted in quartz. Many of these gaseous species exhibit linear correlations with H2O. These linear trends are interpreted in terms of mixing between magmatic fluid and groundwater. The relative enrichment of gaseous species in fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides, coupled with the banded ore structure, suggests that the magmatic fluid was involved with the ore-forming fluid in pulsation. Lead isotope compositions of 21 pyrite and galena separates form a linear trend, suggesting mixing of metallic materials from diverse reservoirs. The δ34S values of pyrite and galena range from +5.6‰ to +7.9‰ and from +3.1‰ to +6.3‰, respectively, indicating sulfur of the Jinwozi deposit has been leached mainly from the granodiorite and partly from the Jinwozi Formation by the circulating ore-forming fluid.
- Published
- 2014
20. Dynamic modeling and model predictive control of a continuous pulp digester
- Author
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Lu Zhang, Junyao Xie, and Stevan Dubljevic
- Subjects
Model predictive control ,Environmental Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Dynamic modelling ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2021
21. Detection of skin region from multiband near-IR spectral characteristics
- Author
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Shinichi Kojima, Kunihito Kato, Michinori Andoh, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, and Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Subjects
Engineering ,Computer Networks and Communications ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Active safety ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Driver support systems ,Face (geometry) ,Skin color ,Signal Processing ,Computer vision ,Segmentation ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Face detection ,Bright light ,Simulation - Abstract
Many active safety technologies for the driver support system are developing. Most traffic accidents are caused by the driver's inattentiveness or drowsiness. We are developing a driver support system that protects against traffic accidents due to these causes. Our purpose is to detect the driver's face region with a camera. Many face detection methods are proposed, but there is no technique addressing every environment inside the car. For example, skin color segmentation cannot detect the skin region in the night, because it has to light up the driver by bright light. In this paper, we propose a skin detection method using the unique reflection characteristics of the materials. Our method is a very simple algorithm. We developed a skin detection system, and confirmed its effectiveness by an evaluation experiment in an indoor environment, and showed its effectiveness by a nighttime driving experiment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(11): 19–27, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10149
- Published
- 2009
22. 'Being a team of five strong women… we had to make an impression:' The College Math Academy as an intervention into mathematics education
- Author
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Nandini, Bhattacharya, Regina D, Langhout, S, Sylvane Vaccarino-Ruiz, Natalya, Jackson, Maya, Woolfe, Wendy, Matta, Britney, Zuniga, Zella, Rowe, and Leilani, Gibo
- Subjects
Technology ,Engineering ,Health (social science) ,Universities ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Female ,Students ,Mathematics ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
This paper, a first-person account, describes a community psychology-aligned intervention into a precalculus mathematics class at an Hispanic Serving Research Institution. The intervention was designed because the standard precalculus mathematics class had a high failure rate, especially for Latinx students, which was serving as a barrier for declaration of a Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics major. The high failure rate indicates a structural problem that requires a structural intervention. The paper is coauthored with the teaching team, undergraduates who had taken the course, a graduate student who evaluated the class, and a community psychologist. We describe the ways that the new course, the College Math Academy, transformed the social environment through capacity building, providing access to valued resources for historically marginalized groups, facilitating opportunities to critique dominant power structures, prioritizing perspectives and experiences of people of color, and promoting understanding of how various social forces shape culture and values. The course also decentered white educational norms via adapting decoloniality and liberatory practices. In turn, each person describes their experience of the course. We draw on the first-person accounts to show how they illustrate a transformative, decolonial, and liberatory social environment. We end with implications for how community psychologists can work in their universities to support structural change.
- Published
- 2021
23. Lignin degradation by microorganisms: A review
- Author
-
Christopher C. Parrish, Joseph Banoub, Tuyet-Anh T. Le, and Ghada Atiwesh
- Subjects
Primary (chemistry) ,Bacteria ,Chemistry ,Basidiomycota ,Microorganism ,fungi ,Fungi ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,food and beverages ,macromolecular substances ,engineering.material ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Lignin ,complex mixtures ,Lignin degradation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Biofuel ,engineering ,Degradation (geology) ,Biopolymer ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Lignin is an abundant plant-based biopolymer that has found applications in a variety of industries from construction to bioethanol production. This recalcitrant branched polymer is naturally degraded by many different species of microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria. These microbial lignin degradation mechanisms provide a host of possibilities to overcome the challenges of using harmful chemicals to degrade lignin biowaste in many industries. The classes and mechanisms of different microbial lignin degradation options available in nature form the primary focus of the present review. This review first discusses the chemical building blocks of lignin and the industrial sources and applications of this multifaceted polymer. The review further places emphasis on the degradation of lignin by natural means, discussing in detail the lignin degradation activities of various fungal and bacterial species. The lignin-degrading enzymes produced by various microbial species, specifically white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, and bacteria, are described. In the end, possible directions for future lignin biodegradation applications and research investigations have been provided.
- Published
- 2021
24. Impact of the variety on the adsorption of anthocyanins and tannins on grape flesh cell walls
- Author
-
Elissa Abi-Habib, Stéphanie Roi, Stéphanie Carrillo, Jeanett Hansen, Aude Vernhet, Bodil Jørgensen, Céline Poncet-Legrand, Thierry Doco, Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Agropolis Fondation1603-001, and ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010)
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,0106 biological sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,NONCOVALENT INTERACTION ,Wine ,01 natural sciences ,Anthocyanins ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cell Wall ,Tannin ,Vitis ,Food science ,PART II ,Winemaking ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Pulp (paper) ,food and beverages ,anthocyanins ,WINE POLYPHENOLS ,Composition (visual arts) ,adsorption isotherms ,PROANTHOCYANIDINS ,Biotechnology ,EXTRACTION ,pulp cell walls ,comprehensive microarray polymer profiling ,PROCYANIDINS ,engineering.material ,HIGH-THROUGHPUT ,Adsorption ,stomatognathic system ,tannins ,Ethanol ,Flesh ,fungi ,010401 analytical chemistry ,interactions ,0104 chemical sciences ,MODEL ,POLYSACCHARIDE ,chemistry ,Fruit ,Anthocyanin ,engineering ,[CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other ,Tannins ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,SKIN ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Food Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND During winemaking, after extraction from the skins, anthocyanins and tannins adsorb onto the pulp flesh cell walls. This study aims to quantify the amounts adsorbed and their impact on wine composition, the impact of variety and ethanol on adsorption, and whether the presence of anthocyanins plays a role and impacts tannin adsorption. RESULTS Anthocyanin and tannin fractions obtained by mimicking winemaking conditions were mixed with fresh flesh cell walls of two varieties: Carignan and Grenache. Adsorption isotherms were measured. Adsorption of tannins was higher with Carignan than with Grenache and decreased when the ethanol content increased. In comparison, anthocyanins were adsorbed in small amounts, and their mixing with tannins had no impact on their adsorption. The differences were related to differences in pulp cell wall composition, particularly in terms of extensins and arabinans. CONCLUSION Adsorption of tannins, which can reach 50% of the initial amount, depends on the pulp cell wall composition. This needs to be further investigated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2021
25. Guest editorial: Selected papers from the 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES2020)
- Author
-
Mohd. Hasan Ali
- Subjects
Engineering ,TK1001-1841 ,Distribution or transmission of electric power ,business.industry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,TK3001-3521 ,Smart power ,Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations ,Control and Systems Engineering ,The Internet ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Telecommunications ,business ,Energy (signal processing) - Published
- 2021
26. Vega—A small, low cost, ground robot for nuclear decommissioning
- Author
-
Benjamin Bird, Barry Lennox, Shaun Ross, Jim Hayman, Will Jones, Chris Ballard, Toby Wild, Thomas Bligh Scott, Matthew Nancekievill, and Andrew West
- Subjects
Engineering ,Control and Systems Engineering ,business.industry ,Systems engineering ,Vega ,Robot ,Industrial robotics ,Research article ,business ,Nuclear decommissioning ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
This paper presents the Vega robot, which is a small, low cost, potentially disposable ground robot designed for nuclear decommissioning. Vega has been developed specifically to support characterization and inspection operations, such as 2D and 3D mapping, radiation scans and sample retrieval. The design and construction methodology that was followed to develop the robot is described and its capabilities detailed. Vega was designed to provide flexibility, both in software and hardware, is controlled via tele-operation, although it can be extended to semi and full autonomy, and can be used in either tethered or untethered configurations. A version of the tethered robot was designed for extreme radiation tolerance, utilizing relay electronics and removing active electronic systems. Vega can be outfitted with a multitude of sensors and actuators, including gamma spectrometers, alpha/beta radiation sensors, LiDARs and robotic arms. To demonstrate its flexibility, a 5 degree-of-freedom manipulator has been successfully integrated onto Vega, facilitating deployments where handling is required. To assess the tolerance of Vega to the levels of ionizing radiation that may be found in decommissioning environments, its individual components were irradiated, allowing estimates to be made of the length of time Vega would be able to continue to operate in nuclear environments. Vega has been successfully deployed in an active environment at the Dounreay nuclear site in the UK, deployed in nonactive environments at the Atomic Weapons Establishment, and demonstrated to many other organizations in the UK nuclear industry including Sellafield Ltd, with the goal of moving to active deployments in the future.
- Published
- 2021
27. A green approach to the valorization of kraft lignin for the production of nanocomposite gels to control the release of fertilizer
- Author
-
Vivian F. Lotfy and Altaf H. Basta
- Subjects
Chitosan ,Kraft lignin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nanocomposite ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,engineering ,Bioengineering ,Fertilizer ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2021
28. Biopolymer‐Based Membrane Adsorber for Removing Contaminants from Aqueous Solution: Progress and Prospects
- Author
-
Peng Yang and Facui Yang
- Subjects
Chitosan ,Aqueous solution ,Polymers and Plastics ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Portable water purification ,engineering.material ,Water Purification ,Membrane technology ,Biopolymers ,Membrane ,Adsorption ,Chemical engineering ,Selective adsorption ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Water treatment ,Biopolymer ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
The demand for energy-efficient water treatment as well as the limitation in adsorption of existing membranes has motivated the pursuit of membranes that can break the selectivity-permeability trade-off and provide high selective adsorption for chemicals of interest. The membrane adsorbers have received a lot of attention for removing contaminants from aqueous solution due to combine both advantages of adsorption and membrane separation. Membrane adsorbers constructed by biopolymer with many functional groups are widely used in water purification, because the biopolymers are easily available from biomass materials in nature, degradable, and low-cost. This paper summarizes the characteristics and important development direction of these types of biomass-based membrane adsorption materials to adsorb organic/inorganic contaminants of water and analyzes the preparation methods of natural biomacromolecule cellulose, chitosan, sodium alginate, and protein to construct the membrane adsorption materials, as well as the application of pollutant removal from aqueous solutions. According to the current problems and shortcomings in the research of biopolymer-based membrane adsorbers, it is proposed to improve the understanding of the adsorption mechanism of biopolymer-based membrane adsorbers and accelerate the development of practical applications as the focus of future research.
- Published
- 2021
29. Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium longum 5 1A cells by spray drying and its incorporation in acerola ( Malpighia emarginata ) pulp powder
- Author
-
Jacques Robert Nicoli, Luana Sousa Silva, Cintia Nanci Kobori, Karen Costa, and Andréia Marçal da Silva
- Subjects
Bifidobacterium longum ,food.ingredient ,biology ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,food ,Functional food ,Malpighia emarginata ,Spray drying ,engineering ,Food science ,Food Science ,Bifidobacterium - Published
- 2021
30. Randomized solid state bulk functionalization of aramid fiber pulp and its application in elastomer compositions
- Author
-
Sheik Mohammed Hanifa and Subrahmanian Venkatakrishnan
- Subjects
Aramid ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Pulp (paper) ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Solid-state ,Surface modification ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Composite material ,Elastomer ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films - Published
- 2021
31. Effect of malaxing time and temperature on rheological properties of 'Hass' avocado pulp and oil yield during oil extraction
- Author
-
Hyunah E. Oh, Shuo Yang, Marie Wong, Ian C. Hallett, and Allan B. Woolf
- Subjects
Yield (engineering) ,Materials science ,biology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Pulp (paper) ,Organic Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Hass avocado ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Rheology ,engineering ,Avocado Oil - Published
- 2021
32. 3D Printed Embedded Metamaterials
- Author
-
Daoheng Sun, Bin Qiu, Qin Nan Chen, Ling Ke Yu, Yue Kun Zheng, Kun Peng Zhang, Yan Fei Liao, and Gong Han He
- Subjects
Stereolithography ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Terahertz radiation ,Physics::Optics ,3D printing ,Metamaterial ,General Chemistry ,Compound eye ,Molding (process) ,engineering.material ,Biomaterials ,Resonator ,Coating ,Printing, Three-Dimensional ,engineering ,Surface roughness ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,business ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The manufacturing of 3D and conformal metamaterials remains a major challenge. The projection micro-stereolithography 3D printing technology combined with the liquid metal filling method is employed here to fabricate the metamaterials, which are characterized with embedded features that can effectively protect the metal resonance layer from external influence, and integrated molding of macro-micro structures and function-structure. To demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of the proposed method, three types of metamaterials are fabricated: 3D orthogonal split-ring resonator metamaterial, bionic compound eye conformal metamaterial, and a five-layer broadband conformal metamaterial in the form of hemispherical moth-eye, which are costly, tedious, and time consuming in conventional fabrication methods. And the layout of the filling channel is optimized and the polydimethylsiloxane coating post-treatment process is applied to smooth the surface roughness caused by the staircase effect of 3D printing to improve the transmission performance of metamaterial devices. The transmission properties are measured using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system and the experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper makes metamaterial manufacture no longer limited to complex structures, which effectively expands the application range of metamaterials.
- Published
- 2021
33. Review for 'Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium longum 5 1A cells by spray drying and its incorporation in acerola ( Malpighia emarginata ) pulp powder'
- Author
-
Lingamallu Jaganmohanrao
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,food ,Bifidobacterium longum ,biology ,Chemistry ,Malpighia emarginata ,Pulp (paper) ,Spray drying ,engineering ,Food science ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2021
34. Directions in structural‐fire safety design for steel buildings a
- Author
-
Mohammed A. Morovat and Michael D. Engelhardt
- Subjects
Engineering ,Structural safety ,business.industry ,Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,020101 civil engineering ,structural safety ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,Fire safety ,building structures and materials ,NA1-9428 ,building structures ,0201 civil engineering ,Architecture ,TH845-895 ,021105 building & construction ,11. Sustainability ,Forensic engineering ,business ,fire - Abstract
Fire safety considerations have an impact on the design of almost all structures, ranging from small residential structures to high‐rise buildings. One important aspect of building fire safety is structural‐fire safety, with the goal of preventing or delaying collapse of structures during severe fires. Structural‐fire safety is of particular importance for steel structures, because of the high thermal conductivity of steel. Structural‐fire safety design is most often accomplished using non‐engineered prescriptive approaches. However, there is increasing interest in engineered structural‐fire safety design for potential advantages in safety, economy and design flexibility. This paper provides an overview of engineered structural‐fire safety design for steel buildings, and discusses some of the challenges in this field.
- Published
- 2021
35. Author response for 'Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium longum 5 1A cells by spray drying and its incorporation in acerola ( Malpighia emarginata ) pulp powder'
- Author
-
Luana Sousa Silva, Jacques Robert Nicoli, Andréia Marçal da Silva, Cintia Nanci Kobori, and Karen Costa
- Subjects
Bifidobacterium longum ,food.ingredient ,food ,biology ,Chemistry ,Spray drying ,Pulp (paper) ,Malpighia emarginata ,engineering ,Food science ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2021
36. A high‐efficient nano pesticide‐fertilizer combination fabricated by amino acid‐modified cellulose based carriers
- Author
-
Ming Zhao, Xinhua Zhou, Hongjun Zhou, Huayao Chen, and Li Hao
- Subjects
Glycidyl methacrylate ,Agrochemical ,engineering.material ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,medicine ,Amino Acids ,Pesticides ,Cellulose ,Fertilizers ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,General Medicine ,Pesticide ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmentally friendly ,Carboxymethyl cellulose ,chemistry ,Germination ,Insect Science ,engineering ,Fertilizer ,business ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,medicine.drug - Abstract
As the global population grows, large quantities of agrochemicals are used to secure food demand and there is an urgent need to develop efficient and environmentally friendly pesticides and fertilizers. Compared with traditional pesticides, nanopesticide formulations can achieve better foliar wettability, chemical stability, and water dispersibility without or with the minimal use of organic solvents, in line with the development of sustainable agriculture.In this research, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was used as an intermediate and glycine methyl ester (GLY) was used as an organic nitrogen source to modify carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to synthesize a pesticide nanocarrier CMC-PGMA-GLY. A nanopesticide EB@CMC-PGMA-GLY (EB@CPG) was formed by the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of emamectin benzoate (EB), which had good water dispersion. The good affinity of the composite towards leaves led to the effective moistening of the leaf surface by the pesticide and through the pH control pesticide release. Biological experiments show that nanopesticides can maintain high insecticidal activity and have no toxicity to seed germination. The results of pot experiment showed that the nanocarriers could be used as an organic nitrogen fertilizer to increase the fresh weight of plants by 39.77%.This environmentally friendly pesticide carrier can be used as a fertilizer to provide sufficient nutrients for crops, opening a new method for the development of sustainable agriculture. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
- Published
- 2021
37. Influence of seed coating with copper, iron and zinc nanoparticles on growth and yield of tomato
- Author
-
Huasheng Li, Jinying Lu, Xiaoqiang Zhao, and Yu Chen
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,Iron ,Nanoparticle ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Zinc ,engineering.material ,Metal ,Nutrient ,Coating ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,health care economics and organizations ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,food and beverages ,respiratory system ,Copper ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Original Research Paper ,chemistry ,Germination ,Yield (chemistry) ,visual_art ,Seeds ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,engineering ,Nanoparticles ,Original Research Papers ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Nuclear chemistry ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Neutral nanoparticles (NPs) of copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are widely used in agriculture. Polymer seed coating with different metal NPs may supply important nutrients during plant growth and consequently enhances yields. In this research, three kinds of metal NPs were conducted to optimize the optimal concentration through seed coating for improving plant growth and productivity of tomato. Seeds of Venice tomato cultivars were coated by polymer‐based mixture with different concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn NPs, respectively. At harvest, seed germination, internode length, average weight of single fruit, yield and fruit shape index were measured. When compared with control, the internode length increased by 7.3% and 6.8% with low concentration of Fe NPs and Zn NPs, respectively. The average weight per fruit improved over control by 10.2% and 7.5% with low concentration of Cu NPs and Fe NPs, respectively. The yield with low concentration of Cu NPs and Fe NPs increased the yield by 10.7% and 6.5% compared with control. These results indicated that polymer seed coating with low concentration of metal NPs may promote the uptake of some nutrient and thus improve the productivity of tomato.
- Published
- 2021
38. Review for 'Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium longum 5 1A cells by spray drying and its incorporation in acerola ( Malpighia emarginata ) pulp powder'
- Author
-
Xiaokun OuYang
- Subjects
Bifidobacterium longum ,food.ingredient ,food ,biology ,Chemistry ,Spray drying ,Pulp (paper) ,Malpighia emarginata ,engineering ,Food science ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2021
39. Rapid Catalytic Water Disinfection from Earth Abundant Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 Brownmillerite
- Author
-
Larisa Baumane, Dzintars Začs, Andris Šutka, Aile Tamm, Krišjānis Šmits, Arnita Spule, Inese Mierina, Juris Kostjukovs, Talis Juhna, Mārtiņš Vanags, Tanel Käämbre, Linda Mežule, Maris Turks, Grigory Vasiliev, Svetlana Vihodceva, and Peter C. Sherrell
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Radical ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmentally friendly ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oxidizing agent ,engineering ,Brownmillerite ,Hydroxyl radical ,Water disinfection ,Sludge ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Water disinfection is a crucial challenge for humanity. Approaches that are effective, cheap, environmentally friendly, and do not promote gene exchange between bacteria are urgently required. Strongly oxidizing radicals are highly promising to achieve this as they lead to bacterial activation at high efficiencies. However, sources to consistently generate these radicals are limited to high energy UV/H2O2 treatments requiring a large energy input. Here the use of abundant, cheap, brownmillerite (Ca2Fe2O5) is demonstrated as an efficient radical generation material under dark conditions, showing a seven order of magnitude decrease in bacterial concentration over 10 min. This decrease is attributed to the release of interlayer Ca2+ from the layered structure of Ca2Fe2O5 and hydroxyl radical generation. The efficacy of Ca2Fe2O5 is demonstrated by disinfecting turbid sewage sludge. The identification of this cheap, abundant, and nontoxic antibacterial material will provide an opportunity for broad scale clean water generation globally, and address the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal of clean water and sanitation.
- Published
- 2021
40. Effect of packaging materials on the shelf‐life of vermicelli supplemented with enzyme processed kinnow pulp residue
- Author
-
Meena Krishania, Gisha Singla, Rajender S. Sangwan, and Parmjit S. Panesar
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Residue (complex analysis) ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Food science ,engineering.material ,Shelf life ,Food Science - Published
- 2021
41. The use of sludge as a micronutrient for the improvement of biogas production from seaweed: the integration of two sources of environmental concern to bring new opportunities
- Author
-
Silvia Tedesco, Reyhaneh Zeynali, Mostafa Rezaei, and Mohammadali Ebrahimi-Nik
- Subjects
biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Anaerobic digestion ,Bioenergy ,Sargassum ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Water treatment ,Fertilizer ,Mesophile - Abstract
Large quantities of seaweed in marine environments and coastal areas can cause serious hygienic and environmental problems. Anaerobic digestion (AD) could provide a solution and could also be useful for the production of bioenergy and fertilizer. However, the AD of algae biomass has some limitations and further work is required on the process. To increase the efficiency of the process, batches of 350 mL feedstock containing seaweed biomass (Sargassum sp.), inoculum, and different dosages of sludge from drinking water treatment (DWTS) as a micronutrient source to improve biogas production were digested in a 500 mL glass reactor and under mesophilic conditions, leading to significantly enhanced methane production. The highest methane yield (199 NmL g−1 VS) was observed when 6 mg L−1 DWTS was added, which showed a 30% improvement compared with the control digester and accounted for a 249.4 kWh increase in net energy per ton. The biodegradability index also increased by 10% compared with the control after the addition of DWTS.
- Published
- 2021
42. Application of first‐order finite similitude in structural mechanics and earthquake engineering
- Author
-
Rooholamin Darvizeh, Keith Davey, and Muhammed Atar
- Subjects
Earthquake engineering ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Structural mechanics ,dimensional analysis ,Structural engineering ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,First order ,scaled experimentation ,scaled structures ,time history analysis ,Similitude ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,finite similitude ,business - Abstract
An important experimental approach for the testing of earthquake-resistant structures is scaled experimentation with experimental designs impacted upon by the similitude theory of dimensional analysis. Unfortunately, the type of similitude provided by dimensional analysis seldom applies to complex structures, which is particularly problematic when scaling ratios are large. The issue is one of scale effects where the behaviour of the scaled version of any full-size structure can be markedly different. Recently however a new theory of scaling called finite similitude has emerged in the open literature that confirms that the similitude offered by dimensional analysis is just one of a countable infinite number of alternative possibilities. The new theory of scaling raises the possibility that buildings and structures can be designed and tested in new ways and this aspect is the focus of this paper. Similitude rules for single and two scaled experiments are examined to illustrate the benefits provided by alternative forms of similitude. The two types of similitude examined are termed zeroth order and first order finite similitude, which are shown to be two forms in an infinite number of alternative possibilities efficiently defined using a recursive relationship. The theory of scaling is founded on the metaphysical concept of space scaling yet provides the means to establish all scale dependencies for structural components and high-rise steel buildings along with buildings equipped with nonlinear-fluid viscous dampers for resisting earthquake loading conditions. It is shown through case-studies of increasing complexity how the new theory can be applied to reconstruct full-scale behaviours but also revealed are some of the limitations of the new approach.
- Published
- 2021
43. Advances, current challenges, and future trends in bioseparation: perspective analysis of the papers published in <scp>JCTB</scp>
- Author
-
Marco Rito-Palomares and Mirna González-González
- Subjects
Engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Perspective (graphical) ,Pollution ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Fuel Technology ,Bioproducts ,Engineering ethics ,Current (fluid) ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2021
44. Effect of a biomass based waterborne fire retardant coating on the flame retardancy for wood
- Author
-
Sheng Li, Lubin Liu, Xiaohui Wang, Miaojun Xu, Wenbo Wang, Suliang Gao, and Bin Li
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Water resistance ,Coating ,engineering ,Biomass ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Fire retardant - Published
- 2021
45. Update on the revision of Eurocode 3 – Evolution by improvement and harmonisation
- Author
-
Jennifer Spiegler, Fabian Jörg, Ulrike Kuhlmann, Mathias Euler, and Christina Schmidt‐Rasche
- Subjects
Engineering ,Flow chart ,business.industry ,Fillet weld ,General Medicine ,Structural engineering ,Eurocode ,business ,Project team - Published
- 2021
46. Use of thick, heavy plates for bridge construction
- Author
-
Tobias Lehnert, Bertram Kühn, Jessica Gola, Tim Krieglstein, and Cécile Merlin
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Structural engineering ,business ,Bridge (interpersonal) - Published
- 2021
47. Analysis of Technological Cracks in Welded Joints of Railway Bridges
- Author
-
Janusz Hołowaty and Bernard Wichtowski
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,law ,General Medicine ,Structural engineering ,Welding ,business ,Fatigue limit ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
48. Greece's new high‐speed railway line: Detailed design and construction engineering of bridge SG26
- Author
-
Georgios Mavrakis
- Subjects
Engineering ,Railway line ,business.industry ,Seismic isolation ,General Medicine ,Structural engineering ,Arch ,business ,Bridge (interpersonal) - Published
- 2021
49. New ideas for steel‐concrete composite bridges overpassing highways – VFT‐RS technology
- Author
-
Günter Seidl, Dennis Rademacher, and Riccardo Zanon
- Subjects
Engineering ,symbols.namesake ,business.industry ,Metallurgy ,Composite number ,symbols ,General Medicine ,Weathering steel ,engineering.material ,business ,Galvanization - Published
- 2021
50. Structural Study of Steel‐Concrete Double Composite Girder Bridge
- Author
-
Osamu Ohyama, Yusuke Imagawa, and Kohei Ohmura
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Composite girder ,General Medicine ,Structural engineering ,business ,Bridge (interpersonal) - Published
- 2021
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