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7 results on '"household expenditure"'

1. Savings Defaults and Payment Delays for Cash Transfers : Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi

Author

Brune, Lasse, Gine, Xavier, Goldberg, Jessica, and Yang, Dean

Subjects
financial literacy, financial capability, banking, budget management, household expenditure
Abstract

Financial products and transfer schemes are often designed to help individuals improve welfare by following through on intertemporal plans. This paper implements an artefactual field experiment in Malawi to test the ability of households to manage a cash windfall. This study varies whether 474 households receive a payment in cash or through direct deposit into pre-established accounts at a local bank. Payments are made immediately, with one day delay, or with eight days delay. Defaulting the payments into savings accounts leads to higher bank account balances, an effect that persists for several weeks. However, neither savings defaults nor payment delays affect the amount or composition of spending, suggesting that households manage cash effectively without the use of formal financial products.

Published
2016

2. Health Equity and Financial Protection in Timor-Leste

Author

World Bank

Subjects
HOSPITAL SERVICES, HEALTH EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA, INFANTS, CHILDREN, HEALTH INSURANCE, MOBILE CLINICS, CHILD HEALTH, MEASUREMENT, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH SYSTEM, PRIMARY CARE, FINANCING, HEALTH POSTS, IMPLEMENTATION, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, INCIDENCE ANALYSIS, MONITORING, PUBLIC HOSPITAL, HEALTH COVERAGE, POPULATION, INCOME, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, CATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE, WORKERS, HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES, ABILITY TO PAY, POVERTY, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, RISK FACTORS, MEDICINES, HEALTH OUTCOMES, PUBLIC SPENDING, PRIVATE SPENDING, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, HEALTH, SMOKING, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, WALKING, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, AGED, HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, REHABILITATION, DEATHS, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, PUBLIC HEALTH SPENDING, LIVING STANDARDS, HEALTH ECONOMICS, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SPENDING, HOSPITAL UTILIZATION, PATIENTS, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE, HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION, COMMUNITY HEALTH, MORTALITY, HEALTH DELIVERY, MEDICAL SUPPLIES, DELIVERY SYSTEM, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH CARE FINANCE, CLINICS, HOSPITALS, INFORMAL PAYMENTS, HEALTH SECTOR, COSTS, PREGNANT WOMEN, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, HOSPITAL CARE, INCIDENCE, STDS, INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH CARE, FEES, INFANT MORTALITY, DEMAND, ANTENATAL CARE, FINANCIAL EQUITY, HEALTH FINANCE, HEALTH CARE WORKERS, POLIO, PUBLIC COSTS, BUDGETS, FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES, OUTPATIENT SERVICES, RISK, FINANCIAL IMPACT, PUBLIC PROVIDERS, IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH INDICATORS, SHARE OF HEALTH SPENDING, HEALTH WORKERS, PROBABILITY, PUBLIC HEALTH CARE, PRIVATE PHARMACIES, HEALTH CARE, OBESITY, HEALTH SYSTEMS, INSURANCE, REGISTRATION, NUTRITION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PUBLIC HEALTH, EQUITY, HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, HEALTH DEMAND, HUMAN RESOURCES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, MEDICAL CARE, HEALTH BEHAVIOR, DOCTORS, ILLNESS, EXPENDITURES, PEOPLE, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH CARE SPENDING, NATIONAL HEALTH, INCOME GROUPS, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PHARMACIES, MEDICAL TREATMENT, CARE, POCKET PAYMENTS, HEALTH CARE CONSUMPTION, SOCIAL INSURANCE, HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION, HEALTH SERVICES, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CARE, BIRTH ATTENDANT, NURSES, WEIGHT, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
Abstract

This report analyses equity and financial protection in the health sector of Timor-Leste. In particular, it examines inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from the 2009-2010 Demographic and Health Survey, the 2001-2002 and 2007-2008 Living Standards and Measurement Surveys as well as 2011-2012 Household Income Expenditure Survey, and the Ministry of Finance. All analyses are conducted using original data and performed using the health modules of the ADePT software.

Published
2016

3. Health Equity and Financial Protection Report : Mongolia

Author

World Bank

Subjects
SYMPTOMS, COUGHING, HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SPENDING INCREASES, BLOOD TESTS, CAPITATION, ORAL REHYDRATION SALTS, HEALTH INSURANCE, CHILD HEALTH, DISEASE, FAMILIES, HEALTH NEEDS, HEALTH CENTERS, CONTRACEPTION, HEALTH SYSTEM, FIRST AID, INCIDENCE ANALYSIS, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, QUALITY OF HEALTH, INSURANCE COVERAGE, COST OF CARE, COMMUNITY NURSING, INCOME, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, DEPRESSION, ABILITY TO PAY, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, ENTITLEMENT, RISK FACTORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, PREVENTIVE CARE, PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, SMOKING, AGED, HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HIV POSITIVE, VIOLENCE, DEATHS, MOSQUITO NET, FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS, HEALTH ECONOMICS, LIVING STANDARDS, HEALTH SERVICE, ORAL REHYDRATION, MEASLES, HEALTH SPENDING, MALARIA, VISITS, HOSPITAL BUDGETS, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, BREAST CANCER, POCKET PAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CARE, PAP SMEAR, PATIENTS, COUNSELING, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH SURVEYS, HEALTH INSURANCE FUND, HEALTH OUTCOME INDICATORS, MORTALITY, DELIVERY SYSTEM, CERVICAL CANCER, HEALTH CARE FINANCE, PUBLIC SECTOR, SCREENING, CLINICS, LOW INCOME, DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES, HOSPITALS, HEALTH SECTOR, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, HOSPITAL BEDS, POCKET PAYMENT, PREGNANT WOMEN, HOSPITAL CARE, INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH CARE, INFANT MORTALITY, QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE, ANGINA PECTORIS, POISONING, ANTENATAL CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, HEALTH FINANCE, POLIO, BCG, DIABETES, HEALTH SURVEILLANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME, FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES, PHARMACY, OUTPATIENT SERVICES, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, INPATIENT ADMISSIONS, ANGINA, FINANCIAL IMPACT, ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION, HEALTH INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS, ARI, PUBLIC PROVIDERS, IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH INDICATORS, PREVALENCE, SHARE OF HEALTH SPENDING, HOSPITAL INPATIENT, ESSENTIAL DRUGS, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, PRIVATE PHARMACIES, TB, HEALTH CARE, OBESITY, DISASTERS, NUTRITION, PRIVATE SECTOR, ARTHRITIS, PUBLIC HEALTH, HEALTHCARE, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, MEDICAL CARE, HEALTH BEHAVIOR, DOCTORS, ILLNESS, TUBERCULOSIS, PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE, FEVER, HEALTH FINANCING, INCOME COUNTRIES, NATIONAL HEALTH, INCOME GROUPS, FINANCE MANAGEMENT, HEALTH INSTITUTIONS, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, INPATIENT CARE, HIV, MEDICAL TREATMENT, BEDS, DIARRHEA, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, SOCIAL INSURANCE, HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION, PRIVATE HOSPITALS, INSURANCE PREMIUMS, PRIVATE CLINICS, ASTHMA, NURSES, OUTPATIENT CARE, CHILDHOOD ILLNESS, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES, PROVISION OF SERVICES, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
Abstract

The health equity and financial protection reports are short country-specific volumes that provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. This report analyses equity and financial protection in the health sector of Mongolia. In particular, it examines inequalities in health outcomes and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from the 2005 Mongolia multiple indicator cluster survey and the 2007-08 Mongolia household socio-economic survey.

Published
2012

4. Health Equity and Financial Protection in Kenya

Author

World Bank

Subjects
INFANT MORTALITY RATES, HOSPITAL SERVICES, SYMPTOMS, COUGHING, HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM, CHILDHOOD, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SPENDING INCREASES, BLOOD TESTS, ORAL REHYDRATION SALTS, PUBLIC HEALTH PROVIDERS, CHILD HEALTH, INSURANCE COMPANIES, NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH CENTERS, CONTRACEPTION, HEALTH SYSTEM, PHYSICIANS, NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE FUND, PRIMARY CARE, INCIDENCE ANALYSIS, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, MAMMOGRAM, COST OF CARE, INCOME, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH EQUITY, MOTHERS, HEALTH INFORMATION, HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES, WORKERS, DEPRESSION, PRIVATE INSURANCE, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, DOCTOR, MENTAL HEALTH, RISK FACTORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, SMOKING, AGED, HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HIV POSITIVE, VIOLENCE, DEATHS, MOSQUITO NET, FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS, HEALTH ECONOMICS, INDEXES, LIVING STANDARDS, HEALTH SERVICE, ORAL REHYDRATION, MEASLES, BREAST, PATIENT, MEDICAL SERVICES, HEALTH SPENDING, MALARIA, BREAST CANCER, INJURY, PAP SMEAR, PATIENTS, COUNSELING, HEALTH FACILITIES, CONDOM, HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM, HEALTH SURVEYS, HEALTH OUTCOME INDICATORS, MORTALITY, MEDICAL SUPPLIES, DELIVERY SYSTEM, CERVICAL CANCER, SCREENING, CLINICS, HEALTH PROVIDERS, HOSPITALS, HEALTH SECTOR, SOCIAL SECURITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, HOSPITAL BEDS, PREGNANT WOMEN, BIRTHS, HOSPITAL CARE, MENTAL, HIV TESTING, INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH CARE, INFANT MORTALITY, ANGINA PECTORIS, POISONING, SPECIALISTS, ANTENATAL CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, HEALTH CARE WORKERS, POLIO, BCG, DIABETES, HEALTH SURVEILLANCE, MIDWIFE, FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES, OUTPATIENT SERVICES, ANGINA, FINANCIAL IMPACT, HEALTH WORKFORCE, ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION, CONDOMS, ARI, IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH WORKERS, PREVALENCE, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, TB, HEALTH CARE, OBESITY, BASIC HEALTH, HEALTH SYSTEMS, NUTRITION, PRIVATE SECTOR, ARTHRITIS, PUBLIC HEALTH, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, AILMENTS, EXERCISES, MEDICAL CARE, HEALTH BEHAVIOR, DOCTORS, ILLNESS, TUBERCULOSIS, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, FEVER, HEALTH FINANCING, FINANCING HEALTH CARE, DISPENSARIES, INCOME COUNTRIES, ABUSE, NATIONAL HEALTH, CATASTROPHIC EXPENDITURE, INCOME GROUPS, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH MANAGEMENT, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, INPATIENT CARE, HIV, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, MEDICAL TREATMENT, DIARRHEA, POCKET PAYMENTS, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, SOCIAL INSURANCE, HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION, HEALTH SERVICES, NURSE, ASTHMA, BIRTH ATTENDANT, NURSES, OUTPATIENT CARE, CHILDHOOD ILLNESS, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
Abstract

The health equity and financial protection reports are short country-specific volumes that provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low-and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Kenya's government is committed to improving equity and financial protection in health by implementing the Second National Health Sector Strategic Plan (NHSSP II). Kenya spends 4.3 per cent (2009) of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health. This is lower than the average spending levels in other lower income countries in Africa, which spent an average of 6.5 per cent (2009) of their GDP on health. The functions of the health system in Kenya have historically been centralized through top-down decision-making and resource allocations. However, in the past decade Kenya has committed to decentralization of certain core functions to the district level. These include managing the health management system, making resource allocation decisions, and delivering health services. The central government maintains control over the majority of the key functions of the health system including staffing, contracting, and maintaining the national health information system. Kenya has a form of social insurance through the 40 year-old National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF). Employees in the formal sector are compulsorily insured and must make monthly contributions from their wages.

Published
2012

5. Health Equity and Financial Protection in Zambia

Author

World Bank

Subjects
SYMPTOMS, COUGHING, CHILDHOOD, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SPENDING INCREASES, BLOOD TESTS, ORAL REHYDRATION SALTS, HEALTH INSURANCE, CHILD HEALTH, DISEASE, HEALTH CENTERS, CONTRACEPTION, HEALTH SYSTEM, PHYSICIANS, PRIMARY CARE, MEDICAL STAFF, HEALTH POSTS, EMPLOYMENT, INCIDENCE ANALYSIS, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, MAMMOGRAM, INCOME, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH EQUITY, MOTHERS, WORKERS, DEPRESSION, DISEASE BURDEN, ABILITY TO PAY, PRIVATE INSURANCE, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, DOCTOR, RISK FACTORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HIV/AIDS, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, SMOKING, AGED, HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEALTH REFORMS, HIV POSITIVE, VIOLENCE, DEATHS, MOSQUITO NET, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS, HEALTH POLICIES, HEALTH ECONOMICS, LIVING STANDARDS, HEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEM, HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT, HEALTH SERVICE, ORAL REHYDRATION, MEASLES, BREAST, NATIONAL HEALTH POLICIES, HEALTH SPENDING, MALARIA, BREAST CANCER, INJURY, PAP SMEAR, COUNSELING, HEALTH FACILITIES, CONDOM, HEALTH SURVEYS, HEALTH OUTCOME INDICATORS, MORTALITY, DELIVERY SYSTEM, CERVICAL CANCER, HEALTH CARE FINANCE, PUBLIC SECTOR, SCREENING, CLINICS, LOW INCOME, FEE SCHEDULES, HOSPITALS, HEALTH SECTOR, SOCIAL SECURITY, HEALTH COMMITTEES, LIVING CONDITIONS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, HOSPITAL BEDS, PREGNANT WOMEN, BIRTHS, INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH CARE, INFANT MORTALITY, ANGINA PECTORIS, POISONING, SPECIALISTS, ANTENATAL CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, HEALTH FINANCE, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, POLIO, BCG, DIABETES, HEALTH SURVEILLANCE, MIDWIFE, BASIC HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME, FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES, ANGINA, FINANCIAL IMPACT, ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION, CONDOMS, HEALTH INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS, ARI, DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE, IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH WORKERS, PREVALENCE, SHARE OF HEALTH SPENDING, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, TB, HEALTH CARE, OBESITY, BASIC HEALTH, HEALTH SYSTEMS, MORTALITY RATES, NUTRITION, PRIVATE SECTOR, ARTHRITIS, PUBLIC HEALTH, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, HUMAN RESOURCES, MEDICAL CARE, HEALTH BEHAVIOR, DOCTORS, ILLNESS, TUBERCULOSIS, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE, FEVER, HEALTH FINANCING, INCOME COUNTRIES, NATIONAL HEALTH, CATASTROPHIC EXPENDITURE, INCOME GROUPS, HEALTH MANAGEMENT, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, PREPAYMENT SCHEMES, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, INPATIENT CARE, HIV, MEDICAL TREATMENT, DIARRHEA, POCKET PAYMENTS, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, SOCIAL INSURANCE, HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION, HEALTH SERVICES, NURSE, ASTHMA, PAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CARE, OUTPATIENT CARE, CHILDHOOD ILLNESS, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY
Abstract

This report analyzes equity and financial protection in the health sector of Zambia. In particular, it examines inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from the 2007 Zambia demographic and health survey, the 2006 Zambia living conditions monitoring survey, the 2003 Zambia world health survey and the 2003 Zambia national health accounts. All analyses are conducted using original survey data and employ the health modules of the ADePT software. Overall, health care financing in Zambia in 2006 was fairly progressive, i.e. the better-off spent a larger fraction of their consumption on health care than the poor. The financing sources that contribute to the overall progressivity of health care finance are general taxation, which finances 42 per cent of domestic spending on health, and contributions made by private employers, which finance 9 per cent of spending. An additional contribution to overall progressivity is made through pre-payment mechanisms, but this remains fairly limited given that they only represent 1 per cent of total health finance. Out-of-pocket health payments, which account for 47 per cent of total health financing, appear to be proportional to income, with only slight and not statistically significant evidence of progressivity.

Published
2012

6. Health Equity and Financial Protection in Ghana

Author

World Bank

Subjects
HOSPITAL SERVICES, SYMPTOMS, COUGHING, HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM, CITIES, HEALTH STATUS, BLOOD TESTS, ORAL REHYDRATION SALTS, CHILD HEALTH, NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE, PUBLIC HEALTH PERSONNEL, HEALTH CENTERS, CONTRACEPTION, HEALTH SYSTEM, PHYSICIANS, HEALTH POSTS, INCIDENCE ANALYSIS, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, INSURANCE COVERAGE, PHYSICIAN, PUBLIC HOSPITAL, COST OF CARE, INCOME, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES, WORKERS, INFORMAL SECTOR, DEPRESSION, ABILITY TO PAY, PRIVATE INSURANCE, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, RISK FACTORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, PUBLIC SPENDING, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, PREVENTIVE CARE, NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, SMOKING, AGED, HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HIV POSITIVE, VIOLENCE, DEATHS, MOSQUITO NET, FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS, HEALTH ECONOMICS, LIVING STANDARDS, HEALTH SERVICE, ORAL REHYDRATION, DIAGNOSIS, MEASLES, PATIENT, AMBULATORY CARE, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, HEALTH SPENDING, MALARIA, VISITS, BREAST CANCER, PAP SMEAR, PATIENTS, COUNSELING, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH SURVEYS, HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION, BUDGET ALLOCATION, HEALTH OUTCOME INDICATORS, MORTALITY, ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT, DELIVERY SYSTEM, CERVICAL CANCER, HEALTH CARE FINANCE, HEALTH CLINICS, SCREENING, CLINICS, LOW INCOME, HOSPITALS, HUMAN RIGHTS, HEALTH SECTOR, SOCIAL SECURITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, HOSPITAL BEDS, PREGNANT WOMEN, HOSPITAL CARE, INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH CARE, INFANT MORTALITY, ANGINA PECTORIS, POISONING, DELIVERY OF HEALTH SERVICES, ANTENATAL CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, HEALTH FINANCE, BURDEN OF DISEASE, HEALTH CARE WORKERS, POLIO, MOBILE HEALTH SERVICES, BCG, DIABETES, HEALTH SURVEILLANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES, OUTPATIENT SERVICES, INPATIENT ADMISSIONS, HEALTHCARE SPENDING, ANGINA, FINANCIAL IMPACT, ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION, CONDOMS, HEALTH INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS, ARI, IMMUNIZATION, FAMILY PLANNING, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH WORKERS, PREVALENCE, SHARE OF HEALTH SPENDING, HOSPITAL INPATIENT, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, TB, HEALTH CARE, OBESITY, HEALTH SYSTEMS, NUTRITION, ARTHRITIS, PUBLIC HEALTH, HEALTHCARE, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, FINANCIAL BARRIERS, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, MIGRATION, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, HUMAN RESOURCES, MEDICAL CARE, HEALTH BEHAVIOR, DOCTORS, ILLNESS, TUBERCULOSIS, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INDUSTRY, FEVER, HEALTH FINANCING, SYMPTOM, INCOME COUNTRIES, NATIONAL HEALTH, CATASTROPHIC EXPENDITURE, INCOME GROUPS, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, INPATIENT CARE, HIV, MEDICAL TREATMENT, DIARRHEA, POCKET PAYMENTS, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, SOCIAL INSURANCE, HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION, PRIVATE HOSPITALS, INSURANCE PREMIUMS, HEALTH SERVICES, ASTHMA, PAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CARE, NURSES, OUTPATIENT CARE, CHILDHOOD ILLNESS, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
Abstract

The health equity and financial protection reports are short country-specific volumes that provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low-and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Ghana's government is committed to improving equity and financial protection in the health sector. In 2005, the Government of Ghana amended its growth and poverty reduction strategy report to include a new target in the country's development: to reach middle income status by the year 2015 (Republic of Ghana 2005). Ghana's Minister of health has called attention to the role that health plays in economic development and has placed equity in both access and delivery of health services as a top priority for reaching middle income status (Ministry of health 2007). Ghana spends 8.1 per cent (2009) of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health. This is greater than the spending levels in other lower middle-income countries in Africa, which spend an average of 5.8 per cent (2009) of their GDP on health. Ghana provides free health services for certain vulnerable groups, such as children under five, people over 70, and pregnant women. In addition, immunization and services to combat certain communicable diseases are provided free of charge.

Published
2012

7. Health Equity and Financial Protection in Malawi

Author

World Bank

Subjects
HOSPITAL SERVICES, SYMPTOMS, COUGHING, HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM, CHILDHOOD, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SPENDING INCREASES, BLOOD TESTS, ORAL REHYDRATION SALTS, PUBLIC HEALTH PROVIDERS, SAFE SEX, HEALTH INSURANCE, CHILD HEALTH, HEALTH CENTERS, CONTRACEPTION, HEALTH SYSTEM, PHYSICIANS, PRIMARY CARE, INCIDENCE ANALYSIS, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, MAMMOGRAM, HEALTH CONDITIONS, COST OF CARE, INCOME, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH EQUITY, MOTHERS, INSURANCE FIRMS, DEPRESSION, DIARRHEAL DISEASES, PRIVATE INSURANCE, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, DOCTOR, MOSQUITO NETS, RISK FACTORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, SMOKING, AGED, HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEM, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HIV POSITIVE, VIOLENCE, DEATHS, MOSQUITO NET, FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS, HEALTH ECONOMICS, INDEXES, LIVING STANDARDS, ORAL REHYDRATION, MEASLES, BREAST, AMBULATORY CARE, HEALTH SPENDING, MALARIA, BREAST CANCER, INJURY, PAP SMEAR, PATIENTS, COUNSELING, HEALTH FACILITIES, CONDOM, HEALTH SURVEYS, HEALTH OUTCOME INDICATORS, MORTALITY, DELIVERY SYSTEM, CERVICAL CANCER, SCREENING, CLINICS, HEALTH PROVIDERS, HOSPITALS, HEALTH SECTOR, RURAL HOSPITALS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, HOSPITAL BEDS, PREGNANT WOMEN, BIRTHS, INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH CARE, INFANT MORTALITY, ANGINA PECTORIS, POISONING, SPECIALISTS, ANTENATAL CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, BURDEN OF DISEASE, POLIO, BCG, DIABETES, HEALTH SURVEILLANCE, MIDWIFE, FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES, HEALTH POLICY, ANGINA, FINANCIAL IMPACT, ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION, CONDOMS, ARI, PUBLIC PROVIDERS, IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH INDICATORS, PREVALENCE, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, TB, HEALTH CARE, OBESITY, HEALTH SYSTEMS, INSURANCE, NUTRITION, ARTHRITIS, PUBLIC HEALTH, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, TOBACCO PRODUCTS, DIAGNOSES, EXERCISES, MEDICAL CARE, HEALTH BEHAVIOR, ILLNESS, TUBERCULOSIS, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, FEVER, SPECIALIST, HEALTH FINANCING, DISPENSARIES, INCOME COUNTRIES, NATIONAL HEALTH, CATASTROPHIC EXPENDITURE, INCOME GROUPS, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, INPATIENT CARE, HIV, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, MEDICAL TREATMENT, DIARRHEA, POCKET PAYMENTS, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, SOCIAL INSURANCE, HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION, HEALTH SERVICES, NURSE, PRIVATE CLINICS, ASTHMA, BIRTH ATTENDANT, OUTPATIENT CARE, CHILDHOOD ILLNESS, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
Abstract

The health equity and financial protection reports are short country-specific volumes that provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low-and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Malawi's government is committed to improving equity and financial protection in the health sector. Equity is explicitly mentioned as one of the four objectives in the Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP). The overall objective of the HSSP is to contribute towards Malawi's attainment of the health and related millennium development goals. The specific objectives of the HSSP are, therefore, to: 1) increase coverage of the high quality Essential Health Package (EHP) services; 2) reduce risk factors to health; 3) improve equity and efficiency in the delivery of quality EHP services; and 4) strengthen the performance of the health system to support delivery of EHP services. Malawi spends 6.2 per cent (2009) of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health. This is similar to the average spending in other lower income countries in Africa, which have spent an average of 6.5 per cent (2009) of their GDP on health. The central Ministry of health is responsible for the development and enforcement of health policy, regulation of the health sector, creation of standards and norms, allocation and management of resources, provision of technical support, coordination, and monitoring and evaluation.

Published
2012

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