1. Reducing Vulnerability and Promoting the Self-Employment of Roma in Eastern Europe through Financial Inclusion
- Author
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World Bank
- Subjects
AFFORDABILITY ,FINANCIAL PLANNING ,EXTREME POVERTY ,CURRENT ACCOUNTS ,ONLINE BANKING ,DEPOSIT ,ATMS ,WORKING AGE ,CREDIT CARD ,FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,ACCESS TO BANK ACCOUNTS ,FORMAL ECONOMY ,CREDIT GROUPS ,DISPOSABLE INCOME ,FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES ,COLLATERAL ,PENSION ,MEDIUM ENTERPRISE ,MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ,BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ,WITHDRAWAL ,EARNINGS ,BASIC NEEDS ,BUSINESS TRAINING ,DOWN PAYMENT ,BANK ACCOUNTS ,PENSIONS ,QUESTIONNAIRE ,POINT OF SALE ,DEPOSITS ,ENTRY POINTS ,UNEMPLOYED ,ENTERPRISE PROMOTION ,BANK DEPOSITS ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,DEBIT CARDS ,PURCHASING POWER ,SECONDARY EDUCATION ,BASIC FINANCIAL LITERACY ,INDEBTEDNESS ,BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES ,MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ,ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT ,SMALL BUSINESS ,MORTGAGES ,ARREARS ,INCOME LEVELS ,LOAN SIZE ,TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT ,CREDIT ASSOCIATION ,BASIC FINANCIAL SERVICES ,FINANCIAL LITERACY ,FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS ,ENTREPRENEURS ,INCENTIVES TO SAVE ,MICROCREDIT ,DEPOSITORY INSTITUTION ,EMPLOYEE ,BANK ACCOUNT ,EMPLOYMENT STATUS ,CREDIT PROVIDERS ,START-UP ,BANK ACCOUNT ACCESS ,GREATER ACCESS ,ADULT LEARNING ,ECONOMIC SECURITY ,FUTURE INCOME ,POSSESSION ,MONTHLY INCOME ,EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE ,GENDER DIFFERENCES ,FINANCIAL LITERACY TRAINING ,SOURCE OF INCOME ,BUSINESS PLAN ,EXCHANGE RATE ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,HOUSEHOLDS ,LOCAL ENTERPRISE AGENCY ,BANKING SERVICES ,CURRENT PRICES ,START-UPS ,EMPLOYER ,START-UP GRANT ,BANKS ,HOME OWNERSHIP ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,UNION ,BORROWING ,LOAN ,FIXED COSTS ,SENIOR ,MICROFINANCE ,EDUCATION LEVEL ,CENTRAL BANKS ,COOPERATIVES ,REPAYMENT ,CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,ACCESS TO SAVINGS ,HOUSING ,MONEY TRANSFER ,BIASES ,CREDIT MARKETS ,WATER SUPPLY ,WORK EXPERIENCE ,LOAN APPLICANT ,DEBIT CARD ,UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ,HOME IMPROVEMENTS ,GENDER ,FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ,TRANSACTION ,WORKING AGE POPULATION ,MICRO-CREDIT ,FAMILY BUSINESSES ,LABOR FORCE SURVEY ,MICRO-LENDING ,DEMOGRAPHIC ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,EDUCATION LEVELS ,EMPLOYERS ,EXCHANGE RATES ,FAMILIES ,FORM OF SAVINGS ,COMMODITY ,CREDIT CARDS ,JOB OPPORTUNITIES ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,BUSINESS SUPPORT ,SAFETY NETS ,BENEFICIARIES ,FINANCIAL EXCLUSION ,FINANCIAL TRAINING ,SAVINGS PRODUCTS ,FINANCIAL EDUCATION ,BANK BRANCH ,CALCULATIONS ,SAVINGS ACCOUNTS ,MAINSTREAM CREDIT ,ENTRY POINT ,DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS ,MICRO-FINANCE ,CONTRIBUTION PAYMENTS ,MFI ,PAYMENT SYSTEMS ,FORMAL SAVINGS ,GENERAL POPULATION ,CALCULATION ,ROMANI ,JOB LOSS ,PAYMENT SERVICES ,FIXED COST ,SELF-EMPLOYMENT ,LACK OF ACCESS ,LOW FINANCIAL LITERACY ,UNEXPECTED EXPENSES ,LABOR MARKET ,GENERAL POPULATIONS ,ROMA ,NATIONAL ECONOMY ,SOURCES OF CREDIT ,CONTRIBUTION ,DEBT ,FACILITATION ,BANKING SECTOR ,CONTRIBUTIONS ,VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS ,INEQUALITY ,FINANCIAL PRODUCTS ,ACCESS TO FINANCE ,UNEMPLOYED WOMEN ,FINANCIAL SERVICE ,FAMILY BUSINESS ,MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS ,POOR CLIENTS ,SAVINGS ACCOUNT ,ACCESSIBILITY ,EIB ,FEMALE POPULATION ,CREDIT-WORTHINESS ,FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDER ,FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES ,ACCOUNTING ,FINANCES ,COMMERCIAL BANK ,FAMILY BENEFITS ,INSTALLMENTS ,SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ,SMALL ENTERPRISES ,VILLAGE ,FINANCIAL MAINSTREAM ,INFORMATION ASYMMETRY ,PROBABILITY ,ETHNIC GROUP ,LOWER INCOME ,CURRENT ACCOUNT ,AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ,SOCIAL FUND ,POSSESSIONS ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,HOUSEHOLD INCOME ,BANK BRANCHES ,ACCESS TO CREDIT ,FINANCIAL ACCESS ,SAVINGS MECHANISMS ,DEBT MANAGEMENT ,SAVINGS INITIATIVE ,ENTERPRISE FINANCING ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES ,UNSKILLED WORKERS ,INVESTMENT BANK ,FINANCIAL ACCESS INDICATORS ,LABOR FORCE ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,HOUSEHOLD INVESTMENTS ,SELF-EXCLUSION ,SAVINGS ,UTILITY BILLS ,FORMAL BANK ,DISCRIMINATION ,OUTREACH ,ATM ,WORKING LIFE ,ADVISORY SERVICES - Abstract
European Commission This chapter highlights the growing global and European financial inclusion agenda and provides a brief assessment of vulnerability and labor market outcomes for Roma in Eastern Europe. Financial inclusion is considered by many to be among the main instruments to improve welfare, especially among the poor, which need financial services as much as, if not more, than non-poor, to reduce vulnerability and improve self-employment. Following a brief description of the main data sources used in the analysis, the chapter highlights the very high levels of vulnerability and exclusion among Roma in Eastern Europe and the poor labor market outcomes by any measure, including extremely low employment rates and high informality. Against this background, the following chapters assess financial exclusion among Roma, and self-employment levels and (credit) barriers to starting businesses. The final chapter highlights international experiences promoting comprehensive, incremental approaches to financial inclusion.
- Published
- 2012