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Transdermal patches have been used for drug delivery to accelerate the wound healing process with minimum negative effect. This study evaluated the wound healing potential of transdermal patches containing Carica papaya, Chromolaena odorata, and Averrhoa bilimbi leaves extract on hyperglycemic rat as a diabetic wound model. For this purpose, a total of 40 Wistar rats aged 2 - 3 months were randomly distributed into 10 groups. The first 5 groups (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5) consisted of normal rats which received normal dressing, TP Dermafix, TP of C. papaya, TP of C. odorata, and TP of A. bilimbi, respectively. The second 5 groups (P6, P7, P8, P9 and P10) were hyperglycemic rats that received normal dressing, TP Dermafix, TP of C. papaya, TP of C. odorata, and TP of A. bilimbi, respectively. Skin incisions were made perpendicular to the spine in the thickest part of the skin with an incision length of 2 cm and a depth of 0.5 cm. Patches were applied to the incisions according to the test group and replaced every 2 days for a period of 13 days. Wound healing activity was determined by evaluating the Clinical Sign of Inflammation (CSI) score, wound closure, TGF-ß1 concentration, and histology of skin tissue. Data were analyzed using oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that for each parameter observed, the rats intervened with transdermal patches loaded with extract leaves had higher healing potential and different from the control group (normal dressing without intervene) both in normal and hyperglycemic rats. This made us concluded that the TP loaded with C. papaya, C. odorata, and A. bilimbi extract leaves have potential as wound healing agents and could be considered as alternate to the synthetic transdermal patches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAB) was evaluated for its probiotic potential on the health status of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1878) juveniles. Triplicate groups of striped catfish (21.69 ± 0.18 g) were fed twice daily at 2.5 % of body weight, with 0 (control), 10³, 105, 107 and 109 CFU/g LAB diets for 12 weeks. The fish were challenged intraperitoneally with 1×106 CFU mL-1 of Aeromonas hydrophila after 12 weeks of feeding trial and the mortalities were recorded over 21 days. The haematological, immunological parameters and histopathological changes of liver were assessed both in pre- and post-challenged fish groups. Results revealed that feeding the fish with supplemented diets significantly increased (p < 0.05) the survival after challenged with A. hydrophila. Compared to the control diet, a significant improvement in packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell and lymphocyte counts were observed in LAB supplemented diets in the pre-challenged fish groups. After 3-week post challenged, the hematological parameters, immunoglobulin and survival were significantly high in fish fed with LAB supplemented diets at 105 CFU/g and above, while only the lysozyme activity was significantly high after 2-week post-infection. Histopathological result revealed that severe necrosis was found in the liver of striped catfish fed with the control diet after challenged with A. hydrophila which was not seen in the case of LAB supplemented diets. Thus, the results suggest that administration of LAB at 105 CFU/g of diet improves the innate immune response of striped catfish juveniles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]