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Background: Nurses often experience compassion fatigue as a result of exposure to chronic work-related stress. It is thought that nurses' mindfulness levels and patience attitudes might be effective on compassion fatigue., Aim: Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between nurses' compassion fatigue, mindfulness levels and patience levels., Methods: The study was carried out in a descriptive and relation-seeking type and was completed with the participation of 469 nurses. Data Form of Demographic and Professional Characteristics, Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and The Patience Scale were used as data collection tools., Findings: As a result of the research, it was determined that there was a relationship between the mindfulness and patience levels of nurses and compassion fatigue. As the mindfulness and patience levels of nurses increase, compassion fatigue decreases (p < 0.05). As the mindfulness levels of the nurses increase, their patience levels increase as well (p < 0.05)., Conclusions/implications for Practice: Accordingly, it is recommended to increase the level of patience and reduce compassion fatigue by applying interventions that will increase the mindfulness levels of nurses., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine compassion fatigue and burnout in nurses working in the pediatric emergency department (PED) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey., Design and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 164 nurses working in the PED and following the social media platforms of the Emergency Nurses Association between September 1, 2020, and January 1, 2021. Data were collected using the online survey method with the Descriptive Data Form, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale (CF-SS)., Results: Pediatric emergency nurses reported that they experienced high emotional exhaustion (28.25 ± 6.05) and depersonalization (11.89 ± 2.39), low personal accomplishment (17.98 ± 3.12), and moderate compassion fatigue (4.99 ± 1.43)., Conclusion: Pediatric emergency nurses had high levels of burnout and moderate levels of compassion fatigue during the pandemic in Turkey. To prevent any long-term negative effects of the pandemic, addressing the physiological, psychological, and psychosocial needs of nurses should be prioritized., Practical Implications: Compassion fatigue and burnout can affect the quality of care provided by nurses, but also negatively affect their well-being and quality of life during the pandemic. Therefore, the development of interventions to reduce compassion fatigue and burnout can help manage these symptoms., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To explore the prevalence and predictors of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout among Chinese hospice nurses., Background: Because of prolonged and continual contact with suffering, deaths, and grief, hospice nurses may be vulnerable to emotional burdens and have difficulty maintaining their professional quality of life., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 478 hospice nurses were selected from 24 medical institutions in Sichuan province. Demographic, work-related information and work-related trauma questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Chinese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale for Nurses were used for collecting data., Results: The mean scores of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout were 34.89 ± 6.21, 26.35 ± 5.24, and 24.49 ± 5.01, respectively. Job satisfaction, perspective-taking, empathic concern, working in tertiary hospitals, and adopting cognitive reappraisal strategy were positively associated with compassion satisfaction, while personal distress was a negative factor, all variables explaining 50.7 % of the variance. Higher burnout was found among nurse who had higher personal distress, worked in secondary or primary hospitals, worked >8 h per day and caring for >10 dying patients last month. In addition, job satisfaction, social support, perspective-taking, empathic concern, and cognitive reappraisal were identified as significant protectors, explaining 50.1 % of the variance. We also found that lower job satisfaction, higher personal distress, higher expressive suppression, lack of social support, senior nurses, and cared for >10 dying patients last month, were positively related to secondary traumatic stress. However, cognitive reappraisal had negative associations. These seven factors explained 32.0 % of the variance., Conclusions: Hospice care has specific characteristics and hospice nurses may suffer from more work-related stressors compared with other nurses. Our study may provide clues to help nursing administrators identify hospice nurses who are at higher risk of compassion fatigue and design targeted interventions focused on potential risk factors and protectors to improve hospice nurses' compassion satisfaction, while reducing compassion fatigue., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses are repeatedly exposed to acute stress at their workplace, and therefore, they are at high risk for developing mental health symptoms. The prolonged exposure of healthcare professionals may lead to Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS). STS is an aspect of "cost of care", the natural consequence of providing care to people who suffer physically or psychologically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of STS in nurses during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece and to detect aggravating and protective factors. Participants were 222 nurses (87.4 % women; mean age 42.3 years) who completed an online survey. The questionnaire comprised of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory. Nurses had high levels of STS. The hierarchical regression analyses showed that STS and its dimensions Avoidance and Arousal were positively predicted mainly by denial and self-distraction coping strategies and inversely by resilience. Resilience exhibited a protective (partial mediation) effect on the strong relationship between the dissociative coping strategies (denial, self-distraction, venting and behavioral disengagement) and STS. Trauma-informed care psychosocial interventions are needed to support the already overburdened nursing staff during the coronavirus pandemic., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed (a) to explore levels of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and symptoms of burnout among Ugandan mental health nurses working in regional referral hospitals in Uganda during the Covid-19 pandemic, and (b) to investigate associations between compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and symptoms of burnout and sedentary levels, physical activity (PA) levels, sleep quality, and harmful drinking., Material and Methods: In total 108 mental health nurses from 8 regional referral hospitals across Uganda (age = 34.8 ± 10.0 years; 55.6 % female) completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5, (PQoLS-5), the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ), Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test - Concise (AUDIT-C). Spearman Rho correlations and Mann-Whitney U tests were applied., Results: ProQOL-5 compassion satisfaction correlated significantly with SIMPAQ walking, PSQI and AUDIT-C, ProQOL-5 burnout with SIMPAQ exercise and PSQI and ProQOL-5 traumatic with SIMPAQ walking and PSQI. Mental health nurses meeting PA guidelines reported higher ProQOL-5 compassion satisfaction and lower ProQOL-5 burnout and traumatic stress than those who did not. Those who reported a poor sleep quality reported significantly less ProQOL-5 compassion satisfaction and higher ProQOL-5 burnout than those who did not. Those who reported harmful drinking patterns reported a significantly lower compassion satisfaction versus those who did not., Discussion: In mental health nurses, a lower professional quality of life is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. The effectiveness and efficacy of resilience and self-care programs for mental health nurses focusing on unhealthy lifestyle patterns should be explored., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report there are no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The pandemic, and the associated changes to pregnancy and postpartum experiences, can lead to profound psychological reactions including panic, hyperarousal, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress disorders. Providers face compassion fatigue and shared trauma. In this article, we describe the mental health outcomes known to date in regard to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic for obstetric patients and their providers as well as therapeutic approaches, including our novel embedded mental health service, to address these mental health needs., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms of maternity nursing/midwife and their quality of work life, cognitive distortions, and traumatic perinatal experiences., Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. Two hundred and sixty-six maternity nurses/midwives employed in maternity units of hospitals in a province located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey were included in the study., Results: 37.2% of the maternity nurses/midwives met the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (% 95 CI [31.6, 43.2]). Previous birth-related traumatic experiences, transferring to another unit, and negative cognitions about the self-increase the risk of development of posttraumatic stress disorder by 63% (F = 7.638, P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the outcome variable PTS total score and the following predictors: the number of years in the profession, the number of traumatizing events, quality of work life, burnout symptoms, compassion fatigue, posttraumatic cognition, negative cognition about the world, and negative cognition about the self. It was found that those maternity nurses/midwives who were not happy with their profession, who witnessed a traumatic incident, who transferred to another unit, who considered to quit the profession, who had a history of a psychological disorder, and those lacked social life were more sensitive to posttraumatic stress symptoms., Conclusion: These outcomes have significant consequences for both personal and professional well-being of the maternity nurses/midwives and the welfare of the workforce. To prepare maternity nurses/midwives for such exposures, to support maternity nurses/midwives following traumatic perinatal events, and to provide effective intervention for those with significant symptoms, organizational strategies are necessary., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Compassion fatigue (CF) and secondary traumatic stress (STS) is prevalent in intensive care nurses, especially in pediatric intensive care nurses (PICU). CF, which includes STS and burnout, leads to reduced employee engagement and nursing turnover., Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of a staff resilience program on nursing turnover, employee engagement and compassion satisfaction among nurses in a PICU., Design and Methods: A retrospective pre-test and post-test design was used to evaluate the impact of a staff resilience program on turnover, engagement, and Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL), which measured compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue., Results: RN turnover was reduced and employee engagement was improved, although the differences were not statistically significant. The aggregate scores of the ProQOL indicated the RN's had low levels of CF with high levels of compassion satisfaction post implementation of the resilience program. Years of work experience was positively associated with compassion satisfaction and work engagement., Conclusions: Education regarding the prevention of CF and burnout coupled with interventions designed to promote resilience can be effective in reducing CF and in building compassion satisfaction., Practice Implications: Doing an assessment of compassion fatigue and following up with the implementation of interventions to build staff resilience and promote psychological health can lead to positive outcomes, as demonstrated by the increase in work engagement and compassion satisfaction when burnout and CF decreased., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how social support has an impact on nursing personnel's coping ability when they are faced with a death in a clinical situation., Background: The amount of social support may have an impact on nursing personnel's ability to cope with patient deaths., Methods: Overall, 323 effective questionnaires were returned. Their respective scores calculated according to the Death Coping Self-Efficacy Scale and Social Support Scale, using hierarchical regression for a statistical test., Results: With regard to identification of coping with grief, the length of service of nurses (3-4.9 years vs 1-2.9 years) (β = -0.15, p = .020) and unit type (oncology ward vs general medicine ward) (β = 0.15, p = .009) reached significance. Following the control of basic attributes, social support can effectively influence their preparation for death, of which peer support reached significance (β = 0.27, p < .001). Moreover, social support can also affect one's ability to cope with death; specifically, peer support reached significance (β = 0.23, p < .001)., Conclusions: Support provided by supervisors and peers have a positive impact on the nursing personnel when nurses are providing hospice care for the terminally ill. Furthermore, sufficient support from colleagues can be an important source of comfort for clinical nursing personnel to manage their preparation for and overall strategies to cope with the death of patients., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe levels of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and job satisfaction among pediatric nurses in the United States and determine if there was a relationship among these constructs., Design and Methods: All members Society of Pediatric Nurses were sent an electronic invitation to participate, and those who consented received three measures; a demographic questionnaire, the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) measure., Results: Three hundred eighteen (10.6%) of members of the Society of Pediatric Nurses participated in the study: Over three quarters (245, 76%) of the sample had another career before nursing. The sample's mean job satisfaction level was 149.8 (SD=29.74), which was significantly higher than published reported means for nurses. Bivariate analyses revealed a significant relationship between gender and the compassion satisfaction, in that women were more likely to evidence compassion satisfaction than men (t=1.967, p=.05, df=298). No other significant relationships were found., Conclusions: The majority of nurses had high levels of compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction; further, female gender was associated with higher levels of compassion satisfaction., Practice Implications: This current study had a very high response from second-career nurses (n=245, 76.8%) and overall, the sample had higher levels of compassion satisfaction. It is possible that second career nurses are better equipped in some way that helps them mediate negative responses of caring as a pediatric nurse and future research should explore this. Due to the significant financial costs to institutions of having nurses who have low levels of job satisfaction and high levels on compassion fatigue, it is imperative for hospital administrators to develop infrastructures to support employees., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aims: The main goal of this study was to explore the relationships between empathy, empathy-based pathogenic guilt and professional quality of life (burnout and compassion fatigue). We aim to test a model in which we hypothesize that when empathic feelings are related to pathogenic guilt, burnout and compassion fatigue symptoms may be increased., Background: Empathy is at the core of nursing practice, and has been associated with positive outcomes not only for the healthcare provider but also for the patient. However, empathy is also at the core of guilt feelings that, when excessive and misdirected, can lead to pathogenic guilt beliefs. We focused on two types of empathy-based guilt characterized by excessive responsibility over others' well-being and how these can be related to professional quality of life., Methods and Participants: This study is a cross-sectional self-report survey. Data were collected during 2014 and 2015. Two hundred ninety-eight nurses from public hospitals in Portugal's north and center region were surveyed. Professional quality of life (burnout and compassion fatigue), empathy, and empathy-based guilt were measured using validated self-report measures., Results: Correlation analyses showed that empathy-based guilt was positively associated with empathy, and with burnout and compassion fatigue. Results from multiple mediation models further indicated when empathy is associated with empathy-based guilt, this leads to greater levels of burnout and compassion fatigue., Conclusions: Given the nature of their work, nurses who experience pathogenic guilt feelings may have compromised well-being, and this should be addressed in training programs aiming at preventing or treating burnout and compassion fatigue., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study examined posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD), secondary traumatization (ST) and vicarious posttraumatic growth (VG) among Israeli psychiatric nurses (PN) who were compared to community nurses (CN). Furthermore, we examined the contribution of PN perceptions of the etiology of their patients' mental illness to their PTSD, ST and VG. Results show that PN reported higher levels of both PTSD and ST symptoms, but lower levels of VG, as compare to CN. While ST symptoms were positively related to VG among CN, PTSD and ST symptoms were negatively associated among PN. Finally, exposure to patients' violence, PTSD or ST symptoms, and illness attribution dimensions of 'powerful others', predicted nurses' VG. PN are an at-risk population for work-related stress residues., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Unresolved compassion fatigue often causes physical and emotional exhaustion, and can significantly impair job performance. It is also known to cause increased absenteeism and even turnover among health care providers such as registered nurses. Often those experiencing compassion fatigue attempt to self-medicate in order to numb the intense emotions, and distance themselves from patients, colleagues, friends, and even family. This article describes the challenges of applying one widely used conceptual model to research among nurses who are at risk for experiencing this important and debilitating phenomenon. Through two qualitative studies that explored compassion fatigue among registered nurses, symptoms were identified that fit within the conceptual model. Several additional elements were not adequately captured by the conceptual model, and the term was perceived as being stigmatizing., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

We investigated whether compassion fatigue mediated associations between nurse stress exposure and job satisfaction, compassion satisfaction, and burnout, controlling for pre-existing stress. The Life Events Checklist was administered to 251 novice pediatric nurses at the start of the nurse residency program (baseline) and 3 months after to assess pre-existing and current stress exposure. Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout were assessed 3 months after baseline and job satisfaction 6 months after. Stress exposure significantly predicted lower compassion satisfaction and more burnout. Compassion fatigue partially mediated these associations. Results demonstrate a need for hospitals to prevent compassion fatigue in healthcare providers., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)