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Pentalogy of Cantrell is a constellation of five congenital defects that pose a unique challenge for surgeons. Defects of the heart, pericardium, diaphragm, sternum, and anterior abdominal wall are pathognomonic. Although the incidence is low, it is critical to identify it in a timely fashion in order to adequately address all aspects. Early diagnosis, supportive care, and strategic surgical planning with a multidisciplinary team are all key components in managing patients with Pentalogy of Cantrell. In this text we sought to explore the evolution of both the understanding and treatment for this complex entity and provide current recommendations to today's pediatric caregivers., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The formation of adhesions after abdominal surgery can lead to increased morbidity in children, increases the incidence of readmission, and may pose a significant challenge to subsequent surgical care over their lifetime. As the pathophysiology of peritoneal adhesion formation has been better understood, preventive strategies that minimize surgical trauma and contamination have been sought. Laparoscopy, over the past few decades, has become an increasingly utilized approach for many pediatric surgical problems and intuitively should have an advantage over open surgery in reducing adhesion formation. In this review, we examine the utility of laparoscopy in both the prevention and the treatment of intraabdominal adhesive disease in children., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a variety of pulmonary manifestations that include pneumonia, pulmonary abscess, bronchiectasis, hemoptysis, and pneumothorax. Although newer therapies have greatly improved survival of patients with CF, surgical interventions for definitive treatment of these sequelae are often required. Several reports have illustrated that, with the current advances in the perioperative treatment and care of CF patients, surgical interventions for these pulmonary manifestations may be performed safely, resulting in a greatly improved quality of life. Also, although improvements in lung transplantation offer new hope for definitive treatment of those patients with cystic fibrosis, special considerations regarding other surgical issues, such as the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux, need to be addressed.