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Molecular study of Circinaria specimens collected in arid habitats of the Chuya Steppe showed the existence of two different growth forms, crustose and vagrant, in C. tominii that implies a more complex lifecycle of the species compared to that postulated by Mereschkowsky for vagrant taxa. An ITS phylogeny revealed the position of Circinaria tominii relative to three vagrant species, C. alpicola, C. aschabadensis and C. jussufii. Circinaria tominii was first collected in 1926 and was rediscovered in its type locality 90 years later in the only habitat near Ortolyk settlement in the Republic of Altai (Russia). The species is found on soil in stony habitats of the Chuya Steppe. The estimated abundance of the species reaches several hundred specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the current distribution range of the protected shrub European bladdernut Staphylea pinnata in Poland. The study was based on a literature review, multidisciplinary search methods and field visits. The paper presents 211 sites considered as natural (including 48 new) and 143 sites considered as sites of anthropogenic origin (including 116 new). The data included in this paper extend the natural range of the species mainly in the Sudety Mts and Sudety Foreland, Rożnów Foothills, and the Tarnogród Plateau. It has been confirmed that the areas of Przemyśl Foothills (54 sites) and Dynów Foothills (49 sites) are the sites most abundant in bladdernut considered as natural. A few sites of anthropogenic origin have been found in the area of northern Poland, several hundred kilometres from the border of the bladdernut continual distribution range. In the case of sites of anthropogenic origin, knowledge of their distribution has increased significantly. This paper provides a basis for further research on the bladdernut in Poland and Europe and may be useful in population management of this protected species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second part of a series of papers on protected, rare and threatened vascular plant species recorded in the Chęciny Hills and Dyminy Range (Małopolska Upland, S Poland), including 106 native species from forest and shrub communities. Among them are 43 species protected in Poland, 37 species red-listed in Poland, and 75 species from the red list of the Małopolska Upland. The paper is based on phytogeographical studies done during the vegetative seasons of 2010–2015, supplemented in 2016–2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper lists 135 taxa and 12 main plant communities found in the Dolina Potoku Olszanickiego – Łąki Olszanickie ecological use area during field research done in 2018–2019. For each taxon, information about the occupied habitat, synanthropic status, number of localities and frequency of occurrence are given. Phytosociological groups of species were distinguished and analysed. In the ecological use area, Conium maculatum, an endangered species (VU) of the Małopolska Upland, was recorded. The occurrence of rush meadow Scirpetum sylvatici (typical and degradated patches), meadow thistle Cirsietum rivularis (various degradative forms) and rush vegetation Caricetum rostratae was found. The main threats to ecological use is degradation of communities and natural succession as a result of cessation of extensive use of meadows (mowing, grazing) and the expansion of the invasive species Solidago gigantea and S. canadensis, which occupy a significant part of the non-forest habitats. Information about needed protection measures is also given. The paper highlights the need for biodiversity protection in urban areas, for their sustainable development and the quality of life of their inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a tribute to Professor Tor Tønsberg on his 75th birthday. It includes 20 papers related to his scientific interests in lichenology, specifically the taxonomy, chemistry, floristics, and phytogeography of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. Throughout his career, Professor Tønsberg has made significant contributions to the knowledge of lichens in Europe and North America, introducing over one hundred new species and genera. The article expresses gratitude to the authors for their contributions and celebrates Professor Tønsberg's impressive achievements in the field. [Extracted from the article]

The Bronze Age in Europe is a dynamic time characterised by an increase in long-distance mobility and interaction, changes in social organisation, technological advancements and evolving agricultural practices. In particular, we see an increase in the range of crops grown from the middle Bronze Age, including the introduction of new crops, such as broomcorn millet and broad bean. However, evidence of agricultural practices in Croatia is limited. This paper presents new archaeobotanical data collected from ten Bronze Age settlements and cemeteries in continental Croatia. Overall, the density of plant remains was low and consisted of either cereal grains or wild taxa, with the majority coming from Mačkovac-Crišnjevi. Oats (Avena sp.) and broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) are the most dominant cereals, followed by small numbers of barley (Hordeum vulgare), emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and free-threshing wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum). The composition of the botanical remains are comparable to neighbouring regions, although the occurrence of millet and especially oats are not seen in any significance until the Iron Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is the first part of a series of articles on protected, rare and endangered vascular plant species recorded in the Chęciny Hills and Dyminy Range (Małopolska Upland, S Poland), including 85 native species which in the study area occur mainly in xerothermic and psammophilous grassland or thermophilous fringe vegetation. Among them there are 24 species protected in Poland, 42 species endangered in Poland, and 60 endangered regionally. The paper is based on phytogeographical studies done during the vegetative seasons of 2010–2015 and supplemented in 2016–2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, new carpological data from Pielgrzymowice site 9 are presented in the context of archaeobotanical finds from southern Poland. The results were obtained from detailed analyses of 45 samples from 38 archaeological features. Only charred plant remains were taken into account as they are considered contemporaneous with the Middle Bronze Age settlement. Among the cultivated plants, Panicum miliaceum, Triticum dicoccum, Triticum monococcum and Triticum sp. were documented. Among wild plants, several taxa were found, including Chenopodium t. album, Chenopodium sp., Melandrium / Silene, Polygonum lapathifolium and Fallopia convolvulus, among others. In archaeobotanical samples, Geranium sp., cf. Lamiaceae also appeared. In addition, plants typical of grasslands, forests and ruderal areas were noted, such as Coronilla varia, Rumex acetosella, Plantago media, Plantago lanceolata, Stellaria graminea and Hypericum perforatum. These results were compared with data coming from nine sites of the Trzciniec culture from Lesser Poland to track the Middle Bronze Age plant-based economy in southern Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the distribution of Pinus koraiensis in the south of the Russian Far East in the past based on palynological and chronological data. The aim is to determine the chronological timing of the spatial migration of Pinus koraiensis and to correlate it with climate fluctuations explaining the changes of the geographical range of Pinus koraiensis in the south of the Russian Far East during the Marine Isotope Stages MIS 5 (127 000--71 000 BP), MIS 3 (57 000 BP -- 28 000 cal BP), MIS 2 (28 000--11 700 cal BP), and MIS 1 (11 700 cal BP -- to present). The consideration of the obtained pollen fossil data suggests that the range of Pinus koraiensis was in the south of the Russian Far East during MIS 5, as it was proved based on significant pollen grain percentage in the sediments of this age. Pinus koraiensis was widespread along with Pinus densiflora, Quercus, Ulmus, Juglans, Carpinus, and Phellodendron. During MIS 3, Pinus koraiensis was a component of birch-fir and birch-broadleaved forests. In MIS 2, Pinus koraiensis disappeared from the vegetation of this region. In the early Holocene, Pinus koraiensis expanded its range northward and again appeared in the vegetation of the south of the Russian Far East. Soon enough, it became one of the leading components in spruce-fir forests with Quercus and Ulmus. The increase in its proportion in the vegetation in the Holocene coincided mostly with the periods of warming climate from 11 700 to 11 500 cal BP, from 10 100 to 9300 cal BP, from 8800 to 5300 cal BP, from 4700 to 3500 cal BP, and from 2600 to 1800 cal BP. In the present case, the most diverse vegetation with Pinus koraiensis was typical of the Holocene optimum of the south of the Russian Far East from 8800 to 5300 cal BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogeographical and ecological knowledge of aphyllophoroid fungi has increased substantially after the publication of the Finnish aphyllophoroid checklist. In this paper, we describe the occurrence and distributions of both aphyllophoroid and heterobasidioid fungi in Finland. We introduce 13 species new to Finland: Hyphoderma lapponicum, Mycostilla vermiformis, Proterochaete adusta, Pseudotomentella alobata, Pseudoxenasma verrucisporum, Sistotrema subtrigonospermum, Spiculogloea minuta, Tomentella botryoides, Tomentella neobourdotii, Tomentella subtestacea, Tomentella subpilosa, Tulasnella anguifera, and Tulasnella interrogans. Proterochaete and Pseudoxenasma are new genera to Finland. We also present the record of Caudicicola gracilis for only the second time globally. Furthermore, we present 115 new records (locations) of 53 rare or seldom collected species. In addition, we report 96 species considered new to a specific subzone of the boreal forest vegetation zone in Finland. The records contain notes on the substrata, and the ecology and distribution of nationally new species and are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents preliminary results of archaeobotanical studies carried out at the Madīnat Ilbīra site in Spain. The functioning of the town, which was the capital of one of the administrative districts (kūras) of al-Andalus, falls in the period between the second half of the 9th century and the 11th century. However, the analysed soil samples were collected from archaeological contexts dated mostly to the last decades of the 10th century and to the 11th century. The samples yielded an interesting set of data about the preserved plant remains. Although the taxonomic diversity of the plants is not high, the analysis revealed remains of naked and hulled wheat (emmer wheat), millet, poppy seeds, perhaps peas, cucumber or melon, and grapevine. Although crop plants played an important role in the everyday diet of the town inhabitants, wild plants also were probably collected and used. The latter are represented in the analysed materials by, for example, wild strawberry, common mallow and common purslane. The preserved charcoal remains confirm the use of different species of wood as fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cretaceous and Palaeogene floras of western Greenland that were initially described as part of the classical work "Flora fossilis arctica" by Oswald Heer in the 19th century are currently under revision. The Nuussuaq Basin has repeatedly been investigated by geologists and marine invertebrate palaeontologists. These studies provide a modern stratigraphic framework and a basis for revisions of various Cretaceous to Eocene floras from this region, and the correlation of fossil material to stratigraphic units and formal formations. This paper is the first in a series of papers that (i) correlate macrofossil (museum) material and fossil-rich localities with the modern lithostratigraphic framework, (ii) describe new pollen, spores, and other marine/freshwater palynomorphs, and (iii) revise the macrofossil remains from the Agatdalen area (particularly the Danian Agatdal Formation). Since the work of B. Eske Koch in the 1960s and 70s, questions emerged about the correlation of plant fossiliferous outcrops and whether the so-called Agatdalen flora, referred to the Agatdal Formation, originates from a single sedimentary unit or not. In this paper, we summarise the stratigraphy of the Agatdalen area and correlate the fossil plant-bearing outcrops described by Koch to the current lithostratigraphy. We establish which plant fossils belong to the Agatdal Formation and re-assign a great number of other plant fossils to their correct formations. New palynological material is briefly described and correlated to the macrofossil localities and the Agatdal Formation. Previous accounts on the macrofossils (leaves, fruits, seeds) are briefly discussed and directions for future revisions are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the distribution and habitat conditions of Riccietum fluitantis Slavnić 1956 (Lemnetea minoris class) in oxbow lakes of south-western Poland. During research done in 2000–2018, 11 localities of this community were found. The main threats to Riccietum fluitantis in oxbow lakes in south-western Poland are changes in water levels and physicochemical properties. Problems associated with distinguishing Riccietum fluitantis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a list of 99 alien plant species recorded in 2014–2019 along streetcar lines in the Silesian conurbation. For each species, data are given for geographical and historical classification, frequency of occurrence in biotopes, and the sites where the plants were recorded. Categories of invasiveness were determined for invasive taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atropa belladonna L. is a rare and threatened plant in Silesia Province. The paper lists its stations and gives information about their conservation status. Atropa belladonna is known from about 60 stations here, 24 of which were confirmed after 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents new localities of rare, threatened and newly discovered vascular plant species of Tatra National Park (S Poland). Data were collected during several field studies carried out in 2010–2019. We describe 131 localities of 42 taxa, including basic topographic, site and population data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl. is a rare species characteristic of meso- and eutrophic deciduous forest communities of the Fagetalia sylvaticae order. It is an inconspicuous spring geophyte easily overlooked in the field, occurring in oak-hornbeam and oak-beech forests, thickets, mountain glades and meadows. The paper gives information about the historical and present occurrence of G. minima within the administrative boundaries of the city of Kraków. Eight historical (6 published and 2 found in KRA herbarium material) and 4 new localities are described. The study demonstrates that rare plant species associated with natural forest communities may still occur in remaining fragments of these biotopes even within such a heavily urbanized area as the city of Kraków. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains information about 99 species and one variety of mosses from the Beskid Sądecki range, of which 36 species (e.g. Anomodon attenuatus, Neckera pennata, Zygodon rupestris) are protected by law and 10 (e.g. Neckera besseri, Syntrichia virescens, Tomentypnum nitens) are threatened in Poland. Eleven species (Aloina rigida, Bryum rubens, Cirriphyllum crassinervium, Eucladium verticillatum, Fissidens rufulus, Guembelia longirostris, Schistidium lancifolium, Schistidium papillosum, Sphagnum russowii, Thamnobryum neckeroides, Tortula modica) are first records for this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents new localities of rare and threatened vascular plant species of the Tatra Mountains and Sub-Tatra Depression (Southern Poland). The analysed species occur on peat bogs. Data were collected during several field studies carried out between 2010 and 2019. We described 40 localities of 10 taxa: Andromeda polifolia, Carex cespitosa, Carex limosa, Carex pauciflora, Comarum palustre, Drosera rotundifolia, Ledum palustre, Listera cordata, Oxycoccus microcarpus and Oxycoccus palustris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the occurrence of 69 lichen species in calamine areas in Jaworzno town, including 47 taxa in the Ciężkowice area, 32 in Długoszyn and 38 in Sadowa Góra. Six lichen species are red-listed in Poland. Rare species characteristic of zinc- and lead-enriched substrates were found: Agonimia vouauxii, Diploschistes muscorum, Sarcosagium campestre, Vezdaea aestivalis and V. leprosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of lichenological studies carried out in the Zielonka Forest near Poznań, which yielded new information about the lichens of that forest. A total of 81 taxa were found in the area, of which 5 are legally protected and 18 are considered endangered in Poland. Agonimia flabelliformis, A. repleta, Bacidina mendax and Parmelia serrana are new for the Pojezierze Wielkopolskie lakeland. The biota includes such valuable species as Arthonia mediella, Chaenotheca chlorella, Chrysothrix candelaris, Microcalicium disseminatum, Punctelia subrudecta and Toniniopsis subincompta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forest environment is considered to be more resistant to penetration by alien plant species than other terrestrial environments, which generally are significantly modified by humans. A major environmental threat to vegetation is posed by alien species that are capable of spontaneous expansion in natural or semi-natural communities, and above all in forests. This paper presents a naturalization scale of alien vascular plants in forests of Poland, based on knowledge of species classified as naturalized elements of the Polish flora. Using the research results and observations of other authors, as well as literature data, a list of 180 taxa of such plants was compiled. The classification uses the following categories: life form, systematic affiliation, and origin or status in the Polish flora. The analysis revealed that not all of the considered alien species showed an ability to penetrate forest communities and that only a few of them have developed stable populations in the best-preserved natural and semi-natural phytocoenoses. About 20% of the anthropophytes found in forest communities strongly affect the composition and structure of the forest phytocoenoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents characteristics of a new locality of Pulsatilla patens subsp. patens found in 2019 near Kowala village in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. The locality is a part of an isolated island at the southern limit of the species range. The newly found population of P. patens numbers ~100 aggregations of rosettes (61 fruiting shoots) and grows in overgrowing xerothermic grassland of the Festuco-Brometea class. The conservation status of the largest population of P. patens in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains is stressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents changes in the methodology of collecting, drying and storing plants over a period of more than 150 years. Methodological works were published during the times of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Partitions of Poland between Russia, Prussia and Austria, during World War I, and in the interwar period. Plants were collected for herbaria by people of different educational backgrounds, not always in biology. They were usually teachers, school pupils, students and priests, who by collecting plants according to different protocols contributed to knowledge of the native flora. The presented publications also contributed significantly to knowledge of the country’s flora. Initially, manuals about collecting, preserving and storing botanical specimen were prepared for particular scientific aims. Later, with the increase in the number of publications promoting plant collecting, herbaria were gathered by numerous hobbyists. Plants frequently were gathered to meet the needs of collectors and to provide educational resources for training amateur botanists. Originally, from the early 19th to early 20th centuries, readers were encouraged to collect plants for herbaria and for exchange. In the 1920s, however, when the disappearance of rare plant species was noticed, critical opinions appeared, calling for restriction or even ceasing of herbarium preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Festuca amethystina L. is an interesting species for the analysis of the impact of the profoundness and areal representativeness of the field botanical research on the knowledge about the geographical range of the rare taxa. In the paper the new data on the occurrence of amethyst fescue was presented. These data complete the pattern of the species occurrence in central Poland. The second aim of the article was the analysis of the history of the localities discoveries in the whole country. The development of knowledge on this subject was very uneven. Historical processes influencing the possibility of botany development, and the number of researchers particularly interested in a given taxonomic group or habitat type, were of great importance. The third aim was the assessment if we can conclude about the real geographical range of the species under study from the current knowledge about its occurrence. The results of modelling with the Maxent algorithm were presented. We evaluate the currently known range as realistic, in accordance with the present state of knowledge there is quite a high probability of new localities discoveries, but rather not far from the limits of the known geographical range in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the distribution of Ophioglossum vulgatum in Poland, including localities recorded after 2000, and gives three new O. vulgatum sites in south-eastern Poland. Two of them are located in the Low Beskids in Bednarka and Żydowskie, and the third in the Zamojska Valley in Klemensów. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes a continuation of our research on the distribution of archaeopteridalean plants in the north of the European part of the Russian Federation. New data on archaeopterid wood remains from Upper Devonian deposits of Northern Timan are presented. Representatives of the genus Callixylon are documented: the type species C. trifilievii, fragments of stumps (or root systems) with C. zalesskyi wood, and a small branch of C. sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rich macroflora has been collected from Karpatian (late early Miocene) layers of the Mecsek Mts during recent decades. The bulk of the fossil assemblage consists of leaves and also fruits of angiosperms. Among the more than a hundred taxa, several endemic species were described: Leguminocarpum mecsekense Andreánszky, Ailanthus mecsekensis Hably, Nyssa gyoergyi sp. nov., Nyssa gergoei sp. nov., Nyssa sp. 1, Clematis csabae sp. nov., Gordonia sp. and Carpolithes gergoei Hably et Erdei sp. nov. Many taxa were last recorded in the Carpathian Basin, e.g. Cedrelospermum, Ziziphus. Other taxa appeared in this flora, e.g. Quercus kubinyii, Podocarpium podocarpum, Liquidambar europaea and Populus populina, and later became dominant in the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) floras or even in the late Miocene (Pannonian) floras. Four main vegetation types were determined. The most significant types are subxerophytic vegetation showing high diversity, swamp vegetation, riparian vegetation, and a vegetation type growing in habitats with higher rainfall. Thermophilous flora elements are dominant in the assemblage, although "arctotertiary" species also appear. The floristic character of the flora supports the results of an earlier quantitative climate analysis of the Magyaregregy flora, according to which mean annual temperature was 15.6-16.6°C and coldest-month and warmest-month temperatures were 5-6.2°C and 24.7-27.9°C, respectively. Generally the assemblage presented in this paper extends those climatological findings to the late early Miocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper lists lichen species recorded on 32 monumental oaks (at least 300 cm in circumference) growing in the forest environment of the Napiwoda-Ramuki Forest (N Poland). A total of 87 lichen species were recorded, including many taxa that are rare in Poland and threatened with extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents changes in the structure of a Fraxino-Alnetum stand in a permanent study plot established in 1979 in the Ochojec Nature Reserve in Katowice. During the research period (1979–2019), 17 tree and shrub species were found on the plot. The dominant species of the stand is black alder. Pedunculate oak and rowan dominated among saplings. The volume of timber increased from 247.99 to 527.36 m3/ha during the study period. The share of standing dead trees in the stand was small: 5 trees in 1987 (0.90% N/ha and 0.02% V/ha of living trees) and 51 trees in 2019 (11.80%, 0.84%). Oak and rowan dominated in quantity, and black alder in volume. Lying dead trees form the coarse woody debris. In 2004, 147 trees (which were measured as standing in 1987) with a total volume of 15.86 m3/ha were lying on the forest floor. In 2019, another 174 trees (measured as standing in 2004) with a total volume of 24.82 m3/ha were on the forest floor. In this category as well, oak and rowan dominated in quantity, and black alder in volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports a palaeoxylotomical study of petrified palm remains (stem, root, rachis) collected from some fossil sites of Greece (Evros, Lemnos, Lesbos and Kastoria) aged to the late Oligocene to early Miocene. Five species of Palmoxylon were identified: P. daemonoropsoides (Unger) Kirchheimer, corr., P. chamaeropsoides Iamandei et Iamandei, sp. nov., P. coryphoides Ambwani et Mehrotra, P. sabaloides Greguss, P. trachycarpoides Iamandei et Iamandei, sp. nov. and P. phoenicoides Hofmann. Also found were two species of Rhizopalmoxylon (R. daemonoropsoides Iamandei et Iamandei, sp. nov., R. phoenicoides Iamandei et Iamandei, sp. nov.) and Palmocaulon sp. aff. Phoenix L. These new identifications add new elements to the forest assemblages of the Oligocene–Miocene Greek flora, useful for understanding the evolution of the Cenozoic palaeoclimate in the Aegean area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the conditions in which yellow vetchling Lathyrus aphaca occurs in Wielkopolska Province. Populations of this species, new for the flora of Wielkopolska Province, were found in 2014 in the vicinity of the Podstolice railway station (on the Poznań - Warsaw route) (ATPOL CD1206), and in 2017 in the vicinity of a railway siding leading to the Trzuskawica S.A. Company in Bielawy near Barcin (ATPOL CC5671). Many flowering and fruiting plants were found, as well as self-sown seedlings, but the observation period was too short to determine if yellow vetchling is already a permanent element of the flora of Wielkopolska Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper gives a new record of Oenothera suaveolens and presents its distribution in Poland, using the ATPOL cartogram method (Fig. 1). It was found in 2017 on ruderal ground near the railway track in Zabrze (Silesian Upland, S Poland). The spread of this established alien species in Poland needs to be intensively studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes a new locality of Primula matthioli L. from the Pilsko Group in the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. The species occurs in a stream valley where fragments of the Chaerophyllo- Cicerbitetum alpinae complex developed. The flora is dominated by tall-herb species of the Mulgedio-Aconitetea class and its lower syntaxa. The population of P. matthioli consists of ~200 individuals, most of which develop flowers and capsules. Species abundance and habitat inaccessibility suggest that the population is in very good condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the environmental conditions, floristic structure and distribution of Scirpetum radicantis Hejný in Hejný et Husák 1978 (Phragmitetea R. Tx. et Prsg. 1942 class) in the Sudety Mts. During geobotanical research in the Sudety Mts in 2010- 2015, three Scirpetum radicantis sites were found, including two new ones (Fig. 1), located in breeding pond complexes at Podgórzyn - Staw Krowi pond (GPS 50°50'26'N, 15°42'11'E; ~350 m a.s.l.), Karpniki - Wielki Staw pond (50°51'17'N, 15°50'37'E; ~370 m a.s.l.) and a pond in a resort park in Kudowa-Zdrój (50°26'44'N, 16°14'18'E; ~380 m a.s.l.). In Europe, Scirpetum radicantis has usually been included in the group of endangered communities. The floristic composition and habitat conditions of these sites are similar to those of stations previously noted in Poland and other European countries. They differ only in absence of invasive plant species in phytocoenoses. The localities of Scirpetum radicantis on hills of the Sudety Mts are the first records for Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents information about new stations of six interesting bryophytes newly found in Silesia Province: Hypnum heseleri (species new for Poland), Moerckia hibernica, Octodiceras fontanum, Riccia rhenana, Trematodon ambiguus and Weissia squarrosa. Their current distribution in Poland is briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Poland, Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. is under partial protection and is listed as rare (R) in the country's red list of macrofungi. This paper describes new stations of S. strobilaceus found in the Pojezierze Ińskie and Pojezierze Wałeckie lakelands, discovered on 4 September 2010 in the Krzemińskie Źródliska Reserve and on 18 September 2017 in the Glinki Nature Reserve. In both reserves, fruiting bodies grew under Fagus sylvatica in Galio odorati-Fagetum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper lists 470 native vascular plant taxa found in the town of Nowy Sącz during studies in 1995-1999, supplemented in 2018-2019. The list includes information on each taxon (occupied habitats, frequency of occurrence, number and list of ATPOL grid squares in which it was noted and literature data). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of field research on the occurrence of Succisella inflexa in Kampinos National Park, conducted in 2004-2015. Its stations are characterized and its distribution is given. The populations were mainly concentrated in the eastern part of the park. Forty-five stations have been reported, two of them most likely historical. They were most often in open sedge and meadow, and less frequently in thin shrub and young forests. The population sizes ranged from single specimens to many thousands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a map of the current distribution of Phylloporus pelletieri in Poland. The species was first reported in the 19th century, and in 1959 it was known from only six localities in the country. The current distribution map is based on published articles, revised Polish herbarium specimens, and data from national forest agencies and national parks as well as from the on-line database of rare and threatened fungi in Poland. Phylloporus pelletieri is currently known from over 60 contemporary localities distributed in the Polish mountains and near Gdańsk in Pomorskie Province. The number of localities in Poland has increased tenfold in the last 60 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allium scorodoprasum (Amaryllidaceae) is a vulnerable, red-listed species in Poland, where it has an uneven distribution. In the southwestern part of the country it has not been confirmed since 1961–1975 in the majority of the former areas of its occurrence. The paper describes 48 localities of A. scorodoprasum and provides data on population size, occupied habitats, plant communities and threats in the section of the Oder Valley between Oława, Wrocław and Brzeg Dolny in Lower Silesia (SW Poland). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first recorded occurrences of the South American neophyte Egeria densa in Poland, currently known from two locations in the southern part of the country in slow-flowing, shallow, eutrophic waters of lowland rivers – the Vistula River near Dąbrówka Morska, and its small tributary, Serafa River near Kraków. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper lists 607 synanthropic vascular plant taxa (plus three unstable interspecific hybrids) found in Nowy Sącz town during studies done in 1995–1999 and supplemented in 2018. The list includes data for each taxon (synanthropic status, occupied habitats, frequency of occurrence, number and list of ATPOL grid squares where it was noted, and literature data). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the past and present distribution of Colchicum autumnale in the vicinity of Cracow, highlights the role of Stanisław Dembosz (who published the first locality of C. autumnale near Igołomia in 1841). Gives information about the occurrence of C. autumnale in Krzeszowice in the 19th century (reported by Bronisław Gustawicz), presents new localities noted in 2012–2014 in meadows in the north-eastern part of the Puszcza Niepołomicka forest and adjacent area (between the Vistula and Raba rivers), and gives a locality found in Cracow in 2005 (no longer extant). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper lists the localities of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng in Silesian Voivodeship, with comments on their conservation status. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is a rare and threatened species in Silesian Voivodeship. It was known from 69 stations but 90% of them are no longer extant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses various aspects of the use of wood for crafts in the Middle Ages, based on xylological analyses of 4211 crafted items of everyday use discovered at 62 archaeological sites in Poland. Over 1500 items were identified in the authors' own analyses, and the remaining taxonomic data were taken from the literature. The research showed that the main types of wood used at the time were Pinus sylvestris, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Picea sp. vel Larix sp., Taxus baccata, Alnus sp., Abies alba and Euonymus sp. Nineteen other taxa were used to make a much smaller pool of objects. At most of the analysed sites a similar set of materials was used to produce the items, regardless of their age and location. The choice of wood was selective and was based on the characteristics of particular tree and shrub species. Large coopered vessels were primarily made of wood from Quercus sp., Pinus sylvestris and Taxus baccata. The manufacture of turned utensils usually involved Fraxinus excelsior, while stave bowls were made using only Pinus sylvestris and Picea/Larix (mainly Picea abies). To verify the local availability of the source taxa, we used pollen sequences from natural and anthropogenic sites in the vicinity of the places where the examined artefacts were found. The choice of wood was limited by the availability of the trees and shrubs. In north-western Poland the most important taxa used for woodworking in the Middle Ages were Pinus sylvestris, Quercus sp., Fraxinus excelsior and Fagus sylvatica, in the south, Picea/Larix and Abies alba were used most frequently. Some items made of Abies alba, Picea and Larix were imported from other parts of the country. We inferred two stages of the use of wood by medieval Polish craftsmen. In the first stage, from the mid-10th century to the late 12th century, they largely used deciduous taxa, the second stage, from the 13th to the 15th centuries, saw the increased use of conifers. We found that the medieval craftsmen chose high-quality wood without defects. Radial wood with the best technical parameters was preferred. Its share increased in the late Middle Ages, this can be attributed to the craftsmen's increasing familiarity with carpentry techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports pollen analyses of 47 samples from palaeolake sediments at WH-15 Struga near Puznówka on the Garwolin Plain in central Poland. The pollen succession covers Late Saalian (MIS-6) and fully developed Eemian (MIS-5e) successions. The Late Saalian section is well developed (more than 2 m thick) and contains sub-zones reflecting the alternating dominance of steppe-tundra and boreal forest communities. The analysed Eemian succession is an uncommon succession described as a variant with early appearance and culmination of Tilia. In these terms, the successions of WH-15 Struga resemble those of sites of the Eemian interglacial known from the vicinity of Warsaw: Błonie, Warszawa-Żoliborz and Warszawa-Wola. The WH-15 Struga site is one of several recently discovered fossil sites of Eemian lakes on the Garwolin Plain, constituting the southern fragment of the extensive Eemian lakeland in the Polish Lowland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carboniferous foliage of Fedekurtzia argentina (Kurtz) Archangelsky from Gondwana is systematically described and revised. The frond is reconstructed based on specimens of the late Serpukhovian-Bashkirian Nothorhacopteris/Botrychiopsis/Ginkgophyllum flora of western Argentina, especially from the Jejenes, Tupe and Volcán formations. The whole-frond reconstruction emphasizes the variation in pinnule shape throughout the basal, medial and distal sections of the frond. The basalmost rachis possesses cyclopteroid pinnules grading to pinnae with obovate to wedge-shaped pinnules at the medial section of the frond. Distal pinnae are shorter, bearing imbricate and more dissected pinnules. Specimens from the same type locality from which F. argentina comes, previously assigned to Triphyllopteris cuyana Leguizamón & Vega, are reassigned to F. argentina, as well as ovuliferous and microsporangiate structures in organic connection. Two decades ago a revision of the German Triphyllopteris genus rejected T. cuyana as representative of the taxon, and the Argentinian specimens remained as indeterminate "triphyllopteroid" fronds. The ovulate organ Polycalyx Vega & Archangelsky is considered to be in organic connection with vegetative fragments of F. argentina, and its cupulate character is discussed. Pollen organs represented by multi-forked axes bearing fusiform sporangia of Rinconadia Vega are also in organic attachment and included in the Fedekurtzia argentina reconstruction. The pollen or prepollen grains are trilete and with granulate sculpture. The paper presents a comparison with Botrychiopsis weissiana Kurtz emend. Archangelsky & Arrondo, which differs in its rounded and entire-margin pinnules. Similar specimens from Australia formerly described as Rhacopteris, Sphenopteridium and Archaeopteris and currently included in Fedekurtzia intermedia Rigby share morphological characters with the Argentinian species. A revision of the Australian material is necessary to confirm synonymy. Fedekurtzia belongs to the pteridosperms based on the reproductive organs and is here assigned to Austrocalyxaceae. Its reconstruction now constitutes one of the most complete seed-ferns known from the Carboniferous of Gondwana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two isidiate species, Sticta arenosella and S. cellulosa, are reported from South America for the first time and the former species also as new to the Southern Hemisphere. Sticta arenosella was found in Chile and S. cellulosa in Bolivia. The identification of both species was confirmed by sequencing of the nuITS rDNA marker, a universal barcode of fungi, and the haplotype network analyses. Specimens of S. cellulosa possess sparse apothecia, which previously have not been observed in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]