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The measurement of terminal productivity is the issue of extreme importance to both terminal owners and management and customers. As the sector of transport is highly intensive in terms of investments into the infrastructure, the productivity of a terminal may play a crucial role in competing with other terminals. Productivity is defined in terms of inputs and output. The majority of the available studies, wherein this issue is addressed, are generally focused on the determination of functional dependence between inputs and output using the method of regressive analysis. The present article provides an insight into the Data Envelopment Analysis method as a tool for measuring productivity. This technique enables a rather accurate evaluation of terminal productivity by means of comparative analysis, which, in fact, appears to be the only feasible alternative in cases where statistic data required for performing regressive analysis is lacking.

The infrastructure of transport means has to be modernized and organized in such a way that operators could employ effective transportation technologies and processes and that the sustainable development of different transport modes and their proper interoperability with the transport systems of the neighbouring states are achieved. The long-term development strategy of the Lithuanian transport system notes that the solution to the problems of transport technology is based on improvements in technological supply and the rational use of the informational modeling methodology of the whole transportation process. The interaction between different transport modes in the terminal is a complex and multiplex task. To reach a successful solution for this task, a thorough evaluation and analysis of numerous factors is required and a preliminary research of respective elements is necessary. The application of advanced technologies is essential in the terminal where several road transport modes are involved in the process of interaction. Therefore, an information transmission centre (ITC) is necessary.

The aim of the article is to present the alternative to the very well known hub and spoken approach to intermodality when freight scale is small. When usually the blocked trains operate between two big intermodal hubs, here the concept of on-line blocking of intermodal transport units (ILU) is presented. The article investigates functional interrelations between the carriage of on-line blocked ILU and the structure of transport network. In order to forecast the flows of on-line blocked ILU the indirect model has been chosen which enables us to evaluate two important aspects: the first one is the evaluation of the structure of the ILU origins in terms of production and consumption regions as well as the other factors determining the formation of flows of goods. The second one is concerned with the structure of the transport network. Assumption of small-scale intermodal transport along Berlin–Baltic intermodal axis is presented.

Scientific papers related to intermodal transport research are reviewed in the article. Attention is focused on classification of scientific issues of intermodality. The methods, algorithms, models used for intermodal transport research are described. The areas of huge scientific focus and poor areas in intermodality research are highlighted.

The shortage of the free space in the port areas is the reason to search for alternatives. This paper focuses on the dry port concept which is a new approach to solving the mentioned problem. The dry port concept is based on moving of intermodal terminals further to hinterland from the port areas. It helps to avoid traffic bottlenecks, to connect cargo handling from the port with other types of cargo at one common transport centre and it can help develop the hinterland areas. The BSR Interreg III B NP project Inloc (Integrating logistics centre networks in the Baltic Sea Region) showed an initiative to elaborate the concept and to study the feasibility to attract transport operators. The research was done partly by the authors of the article – partners of the Inloc project. Common results of the dry port research and conclusions of the approach elaborated by the article authors are presented.

The article describes the creation of regional transport terminals and their usage as a tool to control material flows in the distribution channels. In the first part of the article the authors analyze the role of intermodal transport terminal within international business system, legal aspects of Lithuanian and EU regulations as well as the laws of Lithuanian transport regional transport terminal establishment in Kaunas. The evaluation of alternative locations for establishment of terminal in Kaunas region is presented.

The article deals with global trends in civil aviation, such as: liberalisation of aviation market, globalisation of airlines, privatisation of airlines and invasion of low cost airlines into the market. Also the influence of these trends on the Lithuanian civil aviation activities has been defined. The Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been analysed: activities of international airports, passenger and cargo carriers, passenger routes and passenger flows, transportation market and airplane fleet. The problems of the Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been identified and suggestions for the development of the Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been proposed.

The reliability of terminal operation is analysed by statistical methods based on the collected statistical data. Major estimates are made on a specified credibility level (probability). When the terminal is highly reliable and the interaction between transport facilities, freight senders and recipients is efficient, the work with minimum reserves and lower storage costs may be planned. The optimization problem of managing the interaction of railway and road transport at the seaport terminals is considered and the number of transfers to the port or approach roads is determined.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) industry is among the fastest growing energy market sectors. The gas terminal in Klaipėda allows Lithuania to import natural gas from various countries around the world. One of the most debatable subjects is the location of the future terminal. The problem pertaining to selection of construction sites for the LNG terminal should be investigated and solved using the set of multiple conflicting criteria. Many researchers argue that similar problems should be solved by applying several different Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. The research presents the model for application of three different MCDM methods and aggregation of solution results for the problem, which is based both on different objective data and on investigation of expert opinions for determining subjective criteria weights for the problem.

The considered problem has arisen as a result of collaboration with Riga Coach Terminal (Rīgas Starptautiskā Autoosta) authorities. Recent studies of the role of buses and coaches seem to confirm the already excellent safety, environmental and social record of bus and coach transport. In Latvia this mode of transport is in competition with railway (and also private cars) that's why the quality of services is very important from all points of view. In authors’ previous researches different methods were applied to estimate functional form between overall quality of service and explanatory variables included questionnaire items related to the satisfaction accessibility (availability), information, time characteristics of service, customer service, comfort, safety, infrastructure and environment at Riga Coach Terminal. Such kind of model allows estimating influence of particular quality indicators on the overall quality assessment and simplifying the monitoring of quality indicators. In the given work ordinal regression method has been used to model the relationship between the ordinal outcome variable, e.g. estimates of overall quality of service – y i (these estimates are made on the basis of (1÷5) scale), and the 22 particular attributes of quality distributed on the mentioned above 7 groups. The main decisions involved in the model building for ordinal regression determine, which particular attributes should be included in the model, and choose the link function (e.g. logit link or complementary log–log link) that demonstrates the model appropriateness. The model fitting statistics, the accuracy of the classification results, and the validity of the model assumption, e.g., parallel lines, have been assessed for selecting the best model. The model was done on the basis of results of questionnaire of transport experts, which had been fulfilled in spring 2009. In total 44 questionnaires have been returned, however some questions remained without an answer; that's why different methods of data imputation have been applied to substitute skips in dataset and few models have been constructed for selecting the best one.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) industry is among the fastest growing energy market sectors. The gas terminal in Klaipėda allows Lithuania to import natural gas from various countries around the world. One of the most debatable subjects is the location of the future terminal. The problem pertaining to selection of construction sites for the LNG terminal should be investigated and solved using the set of multiple conflicting criteria. Many researchers argue that similar problems should be solved by applying several different Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. The research presents the model for application of three different MCDM methods and aggregation of solution results for the problem, which is based both on different objective data and on investigation of expert opinions for determining subjective criteria weights for the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The author of the article describes the theoretical assumptions of the DEA method used for measuring the productivity of airports described in the article ‘Research into the methods of analysing the productivity indicators of transport terminals’ (Jaržemskienė 2009). The essential insights presented in the above mentioned paper reveal that Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a relatively new ‘data oriented’ approach to evaluating the performance of the so-called Decision Making Units (DMU) that convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. The article focuses on the findings of the study carried out by the author in accordance with those assumptions. Research represents the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method testing 15 selected airports situated in the Baltic Region, including Vilnius, Kaunas, Palanga, Riga, Tallinn, St. Petersburg, Helsinki, Turku, Stockholm, Malme, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Gdansk, Warsaw and Minsk. Airport productivity indicators are ranked considering importance and using the method of Delphi expert survey made of two rounds. The author presented the following indicators (expressed as ‘ratio’) as the major ones estimated by PAX/LAND, AIR/LAND, PAX/AIR, PAX/RW, PAX/RWA, GA and INTER experts. The succeeding indicators were introduced by PAX/TERMAREA, PAX/GATES, AIR/RW, AIR/RWA, AIR/TERMAREA, AIR/GATES, FR/LAND and FR/RW. 10 indicators were accepted as the most important and selected from the current set in the following sequence: AIR/LAND, AIR/RW, PAX/RW, PAX/LAND, AIR/RWA, PAX/AIR, PAX/RWA, AIR/TERMAREA, PAX/GATES and PAX/TERMAREA. AIR/LAND and AIR/RW were submitted as two main indicators. The acronyms are explained as follows: LAND – airport area, RWA – runway length, PAX – the number of passengers, AIR – the number of aircraft take-offs and landings, RW – the number of runways, GATES – the number of gates, FR – the amount of freight served, TERMAREA – the area of passenger terminal, GA – a general aviation market share of airport served aircraft by percentage, INTER – the percentage of international passengers considering all passengers served by airports. After two key productivity indicators were chosen conducting the expert survey, airport productivity was compared applying the DEA method.

The measurement of terminal productivity is the issue of extreme importance to both terminal owners and management and customers. As the sector of transport is highly intensive in terms of investments into the infrastructure, the productivity of a terminal may play a crucial role in competing with other terminals. Productivity is defined in terms of inputs and output. The majority of the available studies, wherein this issue is addressed, are generally focused on the determination of functional dependence between inputs and output using the method of regressive analysis. The present article provides an insight into the Data Envelopment Analysis method as a tool for measuring productivity. This technique enables a rather accurate evaluation of terminal productivity by means of comparative analysis, which, in fact, appears to be the only feasible alternative in cases where statistic data required for performing regressive analysis is lacking. First published online: 27 Oct 2010

The infrastructure of transport means has to be modernized and organized in such a way that operators could employ effective transportation technologies and processes and that the sustainable development of different transport modes and their proper interoperability with the transport systems of the neighbouring states are achieved. The long‐term development strategy of the Lithuanian transport system notes that the solution to the problems of transport technology is based on improvements in technological supply and the rational use of the informational modeling methodology of the whole transportation process. The interaction between different transport modes in the terminal is a complex and multiplex task. To reach a successful solution for this task, a thorough evaluation and analysis of numerous factors is required and a preliminary research of respective elements is necessary. The application of advanced technologies is essential in the terminal where several road transport modes are involved in the process of interaction. Therefore, an information transmission centre (ITC) is necessary. First published online: 27 Oct 2010

The aim of the article is to present the alternative to the very well known hub and spoken approach to intermodality when freight scale is small. When usually the blocked trains operate between two big intermodal hubs, here the concept of on‐line blocking of intermodal transport units (ILU) is presented. The article investigates functional interrelations between the carriage of on‐line blocked ILU and the structure of transport network. In order to forecast the flows of on‐line blocked ILU the indirect model has been chosen which enables us to evaluate two important aspects: the first one is the evaluation of the structure of the ILU origins in terms of production and consumption regions as well as the other factors determining the formation of flows of goods. The second one is concerned with the structure of the transport network. Assumption of small‐scale intermodal transport along Berlin‐Baltic intermodal axis is presented. First published online: 27 Oct 2010

Scientific papers related to intermodal transport research are reviewed in the article. Attention is focused on classification of scientific issues of intermodality. The methods, algorithms, models used for intermodal transport research are described. The areas of huge scientific focus and poor areas in intermodality research are highlighted. First Published Online: 27 Oct 2010

The shortage of the free space in the port areas is the reason to search for alternatives. This paper focuses on the dry port concept which is a new approach to solving the mentioned problem. The dry port concept is based on moving of intermodal terminals further to hinterland from the port areas. It helps to avoid traffic bottlenecks, to connect cargo handling from the port with other types of cargo at one common transport centre and it can help develop the hinterland areas. The BSR Interreg III B NP project Inloc (Integrating logistics centre networks in the Baltic Sea Region) showed an initiative to elaborate the concept and to study the feasibility to attract transport operators. The research was done partly by the authors of the article – partners of the Inloc project. Common results of the dry port research and conclusions of the approach elaborated by the article authors are presented. First Published Online: 27 Oct 2010

The article describes the creation of regional transport terminals and their usage as a tool to control material flows in the distribution channels. In the first part of the article the authors analyze the role of intermodal transport terminal within international business system, legal aspects of Lithuanian and EU regulations as well as the laws of Lithuanian transport regional transport terminal establishment in Kaunas. The evaluation of alternative locations for establishment of terminal in Kaunas region is presented. First Published Online: 27 Oct 2010

The considered problem has arisen as a result of collaboration with Riga Coach Terminal (Rīgas Starptautiskā Autoosta) authorities. Recent studies of the role of buses and coaches seem to confirm the already excellent safety, environmental and social record of bus and coach transport. In Latvia this mode of transport is in competition with railway (and also private cars) that's why the quality of services is very important from all points of view. In authors’ previous researches different methods were applied to estimate functional form between overall quality of service and explanatory variables included questionnaire items related to the satisfaction accessibility (availability), information, time characteristics of service, customer service, comfort, safety, infrastructure and environment at Riga Coach Terminal. Such kind of model allows estimating influence of particular quality indicators on the overall quality assessment and simplifying the monitoring of quality indicators. In the given work ordinal regression method has been used to model the relationship between the ordinal outcome variable, e.g. estimates of overall quality of service –yi(these estimates are made on the basis of (1÷5) scale), and the 22 particular attributes of quality distributed on the mentioned above 7 groups. The main decisions involved in the model building for ordinal regression determine, which particular attributes should be included in the model, and choose the link function (e.g.logitlink or complementarylog–loglink) that demonstrates the model appropriateness. The model fitting statistics, the accuracy of the classification results, and the validity of the model assumption, e.g., parallel lines, have been assessed for selecting the best model. The model was done on the basis of results of questionnaire of transport experts, which had been fulfilled in spring 2009. In total 44 questionnaires have been returned, however some questions remained without an answer; that's why different methods of data imputation have been applied to substitute skips in dataset and few models have been constructed for selecting the best one. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article deals with global trends in civil aviation, such as: liberalisation of aviation market, globalisation of airlines, privatisation of airlines and invasion of low cost airlines into the market. Also the influence of these trends on the Lithuanian civil aviation activities has been defined. The Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been analysed: activities of international airports, passenger and cargo carriers, passenger routes and passenger flows, transportation market and airplane fleet. The problems of the Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been identified and suggestions for the development of the Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been proposed. First Published Online: 27 Oct 2010

The author of the article describes the theoretical assumptions of the DEA method used for measuring the productivity of airports described in the article ‘Research into the methods of analysing the productivity indicators of transport terminals’ (Jaržemskienė 2009). The essential insights presented in the above mentioned paper reveal that Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a relatively new ‘data oriented’ approach to evaluating the performance of the so-called Decision Making Units (DMU) that convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. The article focuses on the findings of the study carried out by the author in accordance with those assumptions. Research represents the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method testing 15 selected airports situated in the Baltic Region, including Vilnius, Kaunas, Palanga, Riga, Tallinn, St. Petersburg, Helsinki, Turku, Stockholm, Malme, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Gdansk, Warsaw and Minsk. Airport productivity indicators are ranked considering importance and using the method of Delphi expert survey made of two rounds. The author presented the following indicators (expressed as ‘ratio’) as the major ones estimated by PAX/LAND, AIR/LAND, PAX/AIR, PAX/RW, PAX/RWA, GA and INTER experts. The succeeding indicators were introduced by PAX/TERMAREA, PAX/GATES, AIR/RW, AIR/RWA, AIR/TERMAREA, AIR/GATES, FR/LAND and FR/RW. 10 indicators were accepted as the most important and selected from the current set in the following sequence: AIR/LAND, AIR/RW, PAX/RW, PAX/LAND, AIR/RWA, PAX/AIR, PAX/RWA, AIR/TERMAREA, PAX/GATES and PAX/TERMAREA. AIR/LAND and AIR/RW were submitted as two main indicators. The acronyms are explained as follows: LAND – airport area, RWA – runway length, PAX – the number of passengers, AIR – the number of aircraft take-offs and landings, RW – the number of runways, GATES – the number of gates, FR – the amount of freight served, TERMAREA – the area of passenger terminal, GA – a general aviation market share of airport served aircraft by percentage, INTER – the percentage of international passengers considering all passengers served by airports. After two key productivity indicators were chosen conducting the expert survey, airport productivity was compared applying the DEA method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of terminal productivity is the issue of extreme importance to both terminal owners and management and customers. As the sector of transport is highly intensive in terms of investments into the infrastructure, the productivity of a terminal may play a crucial role in competing with other terminals. Productivity is defined in terms of inputs and output. The majority of the available studies, wherein this issue is addressed, are generally focused on the determination of functional dependence between inputs and output using the method of regressive analysis. The present article provides an insight into the Data Envelopment Analysis method as a tool for measuring productivity. This technique enables a rather accurate evaluation of terminal productivity by means of comparative analysis, which, in fact, appears to be the only feasible alternative in cases where statistic data required for performing regressive analysis is lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infrastructure of transport means has to be modernized and organized in such a way that operators could employ effective transportation technologies and processes and that the sustainable development of different transport modes and their proper interoperability with the transport systems of the neighbouring states are achieved. The long-term development strategy of the Lithuanian transport system notes that the solution to the problems of transport technology is based on improvements in technological supply and the rational use of the informational modeling methodology of the whole transportation process. The interaction between different transport modes in the terminal is a complex and multiplex task. To reach a successful solution for this task, a thorough evaluation and analysis of numerous factors is required and a preliminary research of respective elements is necessary. The application of advanced technologies is essential in the terminal where several road transport modes are involved in the process of interaction. Therefore, an information transmission centre (ITC) is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliability of terminal operation is analysed by statistical methods based on the collected statistical data. Major estimates are made on a specified credibility level (probability). When the terminal is highly reliable and the interaction between transport facilities, freight senders and recipients is efficient, the work with minimum reserves and lower storage costs may be planned. The optimization problem of managing the interaction of railway and road transport at the seaport terminals is considered and the number of transfers to the port or approach roads is determined. First Published Online: 27 Oct 2010

In every language a twofold process could be observed: 1) a huge surge of new terms and 2) a big part of these new terms make their way into the common language. The nucleus of the vocabulary and the grammatical system of the common language make the essence of a language and its national originality. Because of such an intensive development in the future terminological lexis can become a basis of a common language and it ought to be not a spontaneously formed sum of terminological lexis, but an entirety of consciously created terms, which meet the requirements of language, logic and terminology. Computer terminology, by comparison with terminology of other fields, is being created in a slightly unusual way. The first computation institutions in Lithuania were established in early sixties and a decade later there were a few computation centres and a number of key-operated and punch machines working. Together with the new computational technology many new devices, units, parts, phenomena and characteristics appeared, which needed naming. Specialists faced an obvious shortage of Lithuanian terms for computing equipment. In 1971 this gap was partly filled by „Rusų-lietuvių-anglų kalbų skaičiavimo technikos žodynas“ (Russian-Lithuanian-English dictionary of computing equipment), which for a long time (for more than 20 years) was the only one terminological dictionary of this field. Only during nineties a few dictionaries of different scope appeared. Computer terminology from ten dictionaries, which are presently available, shows that 35 year period of computer terminology is a stage of its creation, the main features of which are reasonable synonymy (when both international term are being used to name the concept) and variability. Such state of Lithuanian computer terminology is predetermined by some linguistic, interlinguistic and sociolinguistic factors. At present in Lithuania terminological dictionaries of various fields are being given to the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language for its approval. The regulations of the evaluation of terminological dictionaries suggest two-level approbation. If terms are systematized and normalized to a satisfactory level, on the title page of the dictionary there is an inscription "The State Commission of the Lithuanian Language does not object". If terms are systematized and normalized very well, the value of the most of terms is proven by the longer usage and the ratio of Lithuanian and borrowed terms is acceptable, the dictionary gets an approbations "The State Commission of the Lithuanian language approves". All terminology dictionaries have an approbation of the first level. Thus doubts should arise concerning the needs of such an approbation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to present the alternative to the very well known hub and spoken approach to intermodality when freight scale is small. When usually the blocked trains operate between two big intermodal hubs, here the concept of on-line blocking of intermodal transport units (ILU) is presented. The article investigates functional interrelations between the carriage of on-line blocked ILU and the structure of transport network. In order to forecast the flows of on-line blocked ILU the indirect model has been chosen which enables us to evaluate two important aspects: the first one is the evaluation of the structure of the ILU origins in terms of production and consumption regions as well as the other factors determining the formation of flows of goods. The second one is concerned with the structure of the transport network. Assumption of small-scale intermodal transport along Berlin-Baltic intermodal axis is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific papers related to intermodal transport research are reviewed in the article. Attention is focused on classification of scientific issues of intermodality. The methods, algorithms, models used for intermodal transport research are described. The areas of huge scientific focus and poor areas in intermodality research are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shortage of the free space in the port areas is the reason to search for alternatives. This paper focuses on the dry port concept which is a new approach to solving the mentioned problem. The dry port concept is based on moving of intermodal terminals further to hinterland from the port areas. It helps to avoid traffic bottlenecks, to connect cargo handling from the port with other types of cargo at one common transport centre and it can help develop the hinterland areas. The BSR Interreg III B NP project Inloc (Integrating logistics centre networks in the Baltic Sea Region) showed an initiative to elaborate the concept and to study the feasibility to attract transport operators. The research was done partly by the authors of the article -- partners of the Inloc project. Common results of the dry port research and conclusions of the approach elaborated by the article authors are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the creation of regional transport terminals and their usage as a tool to control material flows in the distribution channels. In the first part of the article the authors analyze the role of intermodal transport terminal within international business system, legal aspects of Lithuanian and EU regulations as well as the laws of Lithuanian transport regional transport terminal establishment in Kaunas. The evaluation of alternative locations for establishment of terminal in Kaunas region is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with global trends in civil aviation, such as: liberalisation of aviation market, globalisation of airlines, privatisation of airlines and invasion of low cost airlines into the market. Also the influence of these trends on the Lithuanian civil aviation activities has been defined. The Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been analysed: activities of international airports, passenger and cargo carriers, passenger routes and passenger flows, transportation market and airplane fleet. The problems of the Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been identified and suggestions for the development of the Lithuanian civil aviation activities have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]