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Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (nTOS) is a type of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) where compression of the brachial plexus is responsible for development of upper-extremity, head and neck symptoms. We present a 16-year-old and a 34-year-old patient with nTOS. Diagnosis in both cases was done by following the recently published reporting standards for (n)TOS. After this multidisciplinary diagnostic work-up we performed a transaxillary thoracic outlet decompression (TOD). Due to lack of literature, difficult nomenclature and complexity of diagnosis and treatment, diagnosis of nTOS is often delayed. Recent experience shows that treatment of nTOS is safe and effective, both in the short term and the long term.

Intermittent claudication is the most important symptom of peripheral arterial disease. Walking is the main treatment for intermittent claudication and is usually prescribed as a single recommendation to 'go home and walk'. A recent Cochrane systematic review of 7 randomised trials and 1 controlled trial compared a supervised walking regimen with non-supervised exercise therapy. Supervised exercise therapy showed statistically significant benefits compared with non-supervised exercise therapy. Further research is needed to determine the clinical relevance of this difference, with a focus on quality of life. Long-term results with supervised exercise therapy should be studied in future trials.

Objective: To determine the optimal patient position for subclavian-vein catheterisation., Design: Descriptive., Method: The anteroposterior diameter of the right and left subclavian vein was measured using B-mode ultrasound in 26 healthy volunteers lying in 4 different positions: horizontally with or without a rolled towel between the should blades, or in the Trendelenburg position with or without a rolled towel., Results: The mean diameter of the subclavian vein was 10.7 mm. There was a statistically significant association between the diameter of the vein and the position of the volunteer, the use of the rolled towel, and the side of the body. The least favourable results were obtained on the left side when the patient was lying horizontally with a rolled towel (8.65 mm). The most favourable results were obtained on the right side when the patient was in the Trendelenburg position without a rolled towel (12.05 mm)., Conclusion: For successful catheterisation of the subclavian vein, the patient should be placed in the Trendelenburg position without a rolled towel between the shoulder blades, and the puncture should be preferably on the right side.