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Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a group of relatively rare congenital malformations associated with severe obstruction of the left outflow tract. Twenty-one cases of Clinical with the syndrome were found in the autopsy files of the Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin in the years 1991-2000. Most children were males, delivered at term, with normal body weight. None of them was surgically treated nor survived longer than one month. The most common subtype of valvular malformations included in the syndrome was aortic stenosis with mitral stenosis. In 15 cases microscopic examination revealed: recent myocardial necrosis, interstitial fibrosis and focal calcification. In 6 cases the syndrome coexisted with the congenital malformations of other systems.

The aim of the study was the analysis of expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in endometrial carcinomas. The expression of each of the receptors was examined with reference to such parameters as: patients' age, the relation to menopause, histological type and grading, the depth of myometrial infiltration and the presence of endometrial hyperplasia adjacent to the tumour. There were found very significant correlations between the degree of histological grading and expression of ER and PR and between values of index ER and PR. There was obtained correlation between the expression and endometrial hyperplasia only for PR.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prognostic value of the AgNORs count per nucleus in laryngeal cancer. The sections of diagnostic, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from 48 patients with T1-4 tumours were stained with silver nitrate for visualization of NORs (AgNORs). The correlation between AgNORs score and tumour clinicopathological features was estimated. The mean AgNOR number per nucleus was 2.73 +/- 0.87 (range 1.48-4.38). The AgNOR counts did not correlate with the stage of the disease, patient survival rate and N stage. A significant correlation between the mean AgNORs number and various stages of histological differentiation of carcinoma was observed (p < 0.05).

Granular cell tumours (GCTs) are relatively uncommon, usually benign and solitary neoplasms. Approximately 5-11% of all tumours occur in the gastrointestinal tract and about one third of them appear in the esophagus. Till now, only 30 cases of multiple esophageal GCTs have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 44-year-old man with three synchronous GCTs in the distal esophagus. The lesions were detected incidentally during esophagoscopy. Histopathologic examination of tissue samples revealed the nests of polygonal cells with small hyperchromatic nuclei and abundant granular cytoplasm located in the lamina propria of the mucosa. The cytoplasmic granules were positively stained with PAS and were diastase resistant. The positive immunostaining for S-100 protein was also noted.

Skin biopsy specimens obtained from 16 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) were examined immunohistochemically to assess phenotype of T-cells. Cases of benign chronic skin disorders (BCD) were included in control group. Examination of skin biopsies obtained from patients with MF revealed aberrant immunophenotypes of T-cells (loss of one or more of T-cell markers CD7, CD5, CD8, and rarely CD3). The expression of CD1a antigen both in the dermis and epidermis of the studied groups was similar and normal. No correlation between this loss of antigenicity and the prognosis was observed. These disturbances were seen in most of the cases of the early MF, but not seen in inflammatory skin diseases. In conclusion, the presence of aberrant immunophenotype of T-cells in skin infiltration may be useful in the diagnosis and differentiation of MF.

Surgical experiment of closing broncho-pleural fistula by muscle flap from the chest wall was conducted on the sheep model. The procedure was completed in two stages. During the first thoracotomy the middle lobe of the right lung was removed. In the second stage the vascularised muscle flap of the latissimus dorsi was inserted in the pleural space and stitched onto the bronchi stump closing broncho-pleural fistula. Microscopic investigation of lung, bronchus and muscle tissue performed after each step of procedure showed the inflammatory process primarily and the regression of it after the second stage. Well vascularised muscle flap is the best tissue for repair of broncho-pleural fistula.

Nephrotoxicity of daunorubicin in rats and effect of tocopherol and ascorbic acid on lesions induced in kidneys by daunorubicin were examined. The most significant ultrastructural changes in the glomeruli included the loss of foot processes in visceral epithelial cells and appearance of microvillous and vacuolar formations. The glomerular basement membrane showed minimal thickening. No beneficial influence of tocopherol and ascorbic acid on daunorubicin related nephrotoxicity was observed.

Nephrotoxicity of daunorubicin in rats and effect of tocopherol and ascorbic acid on lesions induced in kidneys by daunorubicin were examined. Daunorubicin induced nephrotic syndrome with proteinuria and hypoproteinemia. Histological changes in the glomeruli appeared as a dilatation of capillary loops and enlargement of the urinary space. The glomerular basement membrane showed minimal thickening. In tubuli protein casts were noticed. No beneficial influence of tocopherol and ascorbic acid on daunorubicin related nephrotoxicity was observed.