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In the decades following the Civil War, hundreds of Cherokees living East of the Mississippi River were compelled to emigrate west. Postwar poverty, loss of land, and political struggles threatened the survival of Eastern Cherokee communities. Having received an invitation from the Cherokee Nation to be accepted as tribal citizens, many turned away from their eastern homelands after avoiding Removal and outlasting decades of pressures to emigrate. Though the Trail of Tears of 1838-39 is generally understood as the history of Cherokee Removal, this study draws from scholarship on the Long Removal Era to problematize the typical narrative. This postwar emigration phenomenon was a definitive challenge which shaped the newfound Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Contrary to typical characterizations, their survival in the east was not a foregone conclusion, instead facing its gravest challenges in the Civil War era. A power vacuum resulted in divisive factionalism, with rival councils from Qualla and Cheoah competing for legitimacy. The emigration of leading Cheoah politicians signaled their defeat, galvanizing and consolidating the Eastern Band. This article offers a social history of this emigration process, investigating the phenomenon through memoirs and oral histories, tribal council minutes, and petitions and correspondence to Washington. Following the paper trail of emigrants, the study incorporates federal records alongside archival records from North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. Interrogating the overlap of the Long Removal era and Long Civil War era, the study offers a new history of the Eastern Band in its harrowing formative years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a selection of work by contemporary tattoo artist John Henry Gloyne (Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians) to understand how tattooing functions as an Indigenous creative practice that can imagine alternative realities and reestablish connections to Native pasts and presents. Gloyne's work redefines contemporary Native tattooing by highlighting its continuing significance and artistic innovations in the present. In doing so, Gloyne's work challenges the settler notion that Native cultural practices are static and stuck in the past. The authors' analysis includes Gloyne's reinvention of Cherokee symbols (water spider and Booger mask tattoos), early/mid-twentieth-century Americana tattoo flash, and his tattoo-inspired painting Sacred Realms: Tobacco Offerings to the Picture Machine. Honma and Francoso employ an analytic of "reimagining" to investigate how Gloyne's work embraces an ethos of experimentation and innovation that moves beyond settler frameworks of comprehension. In order to understand how he challenges various modes of representation and ways of looking that normalize the settler project, they historicize the symbols and motifs found in Gloyne's work. They incorporate interdisciplinary methods of visual analysis, historical recontextualization, and interview data to center Gloyne's unique aesthetic approach, which foregrounds renewed ways of envisioning and embodying Indigenous worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Americanist scholarship often portrays historicization during Cherokee removal in terms of a single Indian-Anglo binary, with images of anachronistic savagery denoting the broadly cultural rejection of Native peoplehood from political modernity. What follows draws on contemporary challenges to such binary formations by Native scholars, however, to offer an alternative to reading removal discourse as the expression of a homogenous ideology predicated on exclusion. By separating the narrativity of Indianness from the representation of Native peoples, the essay situates the "Indian" as the figure through which historicism becomes juridically operative with regard to different crises of settler sovereignty. Accordingly, readings of John Marshall's foundational ruling in Johnson v. Mcintosh (1823), the state of Georgia's attack on Cherokee sovereignty in State v. Tassels (1830), and T. Hartley Crawford's "Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs" (1838) show that the narrativity of Indianness resolves crises for uneven, even competing institutional actors. However, the essay begins with Elias Boudinot's canonical pamphlet, "An Address to the Whites" (1827). If this emergent narrativity conditioned the seizure of Native space on the basis of settler political modernity, then "An Address" can be grasped as appropriating the discourse of "savagery" to historicize Cherokee peoplehood as constituting an independent nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comanche scholar and activist LaDonna Harris strongly advocates the recognition and promotion of the four Rs Core Cultural Values: relationships, responsibility, reciprocity, and redistribution. Our contribution discusses the specific forms of each of the four Rs in ᎠᏂᎦᏚᏩᎩ Ani-Kitu Hwagi (Cherokee) practices and ethics of ᎦᏓᎱ (gadahu), ᎦᏚᎩ (gadugi), ᏙᎯ (tõhi), and ᎣᏏ (osi). We present a case study of elements of the history one settlement, ᏅᏅᏁᏱ (Nvnvnyi), as a way to discuss the contemporary reality of heritage management and archaeology's role within that management. Archaeology in Native American communities is oft en associated with destruction and disruption, so a critical framework that evaluates obliteration is crucial for this specifi c topic. With the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 and Final Rule in 1995, Ani-Kitu Hwagi people had more say in archaeological activities. Despite this direct oversight, destructive actions to the past and historic resources continues. The countervailing forces to gadahu, gadugi, tõhi, and osi can be summarized as disturbance, including violent erasure, of the past that create historical ruptures. Archaeological work at Nvnvnyi in some cases commits and in others, exposes episodes of rupture of the four Rs for Ani-Kitu Hwagi communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at relations between Cherokee peoples and white communities on the Tennessee border during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Particular focus is given to the implications of two acts of violence, the 1796 murder of the Cherokee hunters Red Bird and Lame Will and the 1813 beating of a white settler named John Tally, for Cherokee sovereignty, frontier justice, and U.S.-Cherokee relations. Peacekeeping efforts and land negotiations by white and Cherokee leaders are also discussed.

An interview with Diane Glancy, an American poet, author and playwright of Cherokee descent is presented. Topics of the interview include her career as a Cherokee poet and author growing up in Kansas City, the role of her sense of distance from herself and her Cherokee heritage and her works on the role of education among Native American life and culture.

The author offers a satirical analysis of American Indian performances in the pornographic entertainment industry. He notes the proliferation of porn movies or skin flicks performed by actors and actresses with Indian names, which highlight the issue of identity. He cites various popular performers with Indian-like profiles claiming to be Choctaw, Cherokee, or Navajo, and questions the significance of such performances or more importantly the authenticity of the reel Indians.

This article discusses the Cherokee people's adaptation to the landscape of the American West after their forced migration from the Southern Appalachians in the 19th century, often called the Trail of Tears. Particular focus is given to the loss of culturally significant plants and plant knowledge resulting from the migration. According to the author, almost one third of the flora used by the Cherokee in the Southern Appalachians were absent in the West, but they employed several strategies such as species substitution, genus substitution, knowledge from other Indian peoples, and cultivation to continue many of their cultural practices. Topics discussed include the Cherokee Nation, the Eastern Band of Cherokees, and ethnographer James Mooney.

This article discusses the care for Cherokee Indian orphan children. The author talks about the history of orphan asylums and explains that a great increase in asylums occurred after the U.S. Civil War. The Cherokee Orphan Asylum of Oklahoma is focused on. The author details the clan system of the Cherokees before their removal in the 1830s. Cherokee laws regarding children under the family structure are addressed. The author talks about the care of Cherokee children by missionaries. The article also discusses Walter Adair Duncan, the first superintendent of the Cherokee Orphan Asylum.

This article discusses the efforts of comedian and radio personality Will Rogers to raise awareness for the needs and rights of Native American Indians. Details about the time spent by Rogers among the Cherokee Indians and his gifts of radios to the Cherokees are provided. The impact of radio on both American culture and American Indian culture is examined and the role of Rogers in the development of radio is described. The author also deals with the criticism received by Rogers regarding the content of his radio shows.

The article discusses the story of Nancy, a Cherokee Indian woman who was held as a slave in the late 18th century. The article discusses the story as a case study about slavery, race, and Cherokee Indians. The article refers to Nancy's narrative documents, which were located in the Records of the Cherokee Agency in Tennessee. The article mentions Nancy's case as being a freedom suit from slavery in a Native American historical context. The article mentions female war captives, the American Revolution, and enslavement.

Discusses how to represent in writing the dispossession of the Cherokee Indians. Difficulty of representing the climatic event of Cherokee dispossession; Examination of the work of contemporary Cherokee writers Robert J. Conley, Glenn J. Twist, Wilma Mankiller and Diane Glancy; Information on the book "Pushing the Bear," by Glancy.

Presents a list of dissertations about American Indians. "Cherokee Fishing: Ethnohistorical, Ethnoecological, and Ethnographic Perspectives," by Heidi Maryanna Altman; "The Gathering of the Clans: Understanding Ancestral Hopi Migration and Identity, A.D. 1275-1400," by Wesley Robert Bernardini; "Braiding Histories: Responding to the Problematics of Canadians Hearing First Nations Post-Contact Experiences," by Susan Denise Dion.

Provides information on the agreement signed by the Native American tribes of the Cherokees and Delawares on April 8, 1867, to facilitate the removal of the Delawares to the Cherokee lands in Indian Territory. Terms of the agreement; Historical background of the agreement; Reason for the conflict between the Cherokees and Delawares.

Discusses the book "The Southeastern Indians," by Charles Hudson. Ethnographic literature; Normative study of Cherokee and other southeastern Indians.

Examines the Cherokees' prophetic events of 1811-12. Three separate strands: Charlie's prophecy; A father's vision; Apocalyptic stories; Tecumseh's visit to the Creek and Cherokee; Disruptive changes in the Cherokee community; Supernatural and human causes beyond Cherokee's control.

Analyzes Eastern Cherokee shamanism of the nineteenth century. Payne manuscripts; Ethnography collected by James Mooney in 1887; Frans Olbrechts' 1915 commentaries on the sacred formula manuscripts; History of the Cherokee belief system; Structure of Cherokee cosmology; Tension between the celestial powers and humans as the basis for disease; "Ghosts"; Shamanistic practitioners; Use of dreams and language in healing; Reformulation of Cherokee shamanism.

Discusses the differences between the Cherokee Male Seminary and the Cherokee Female Seminary, both established by the Cherokee National Council to provide Cherokee children with an opportunity to continue their education past the primary grades. Description of the curriculum; Extracurricular activities; Diseases and afflictions among the Cherokee students.

Elaborates on the political pressures following World War II to get the federal government "out of the Indian business" by terminating trust responsibilities to tribes and "emancipating" them from the stifling paternalism of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Battle over termination began in January 1947 for Eastern Cherokees; Effects on the Eastern Cherokees; Former Indian Commission John Collier's New Deal programs; Postwar paranoia concerning the USSR and communism; Details.

Profiles Indian orator and lecturer Elias Cornelius Boudinot. Childhood and educational background; Involvement with the delegation of Confederate Cherokees; Impact of the seizure of his tobacco factory in Cherokee Nation by federal agents on his life.

Discusses the acculturation process at the Cherokee Female Seminary in North America. Background of the establishment of the school; Impact of intermarriage on the desire of Cherokees for cultural and educational advancement; Importance of the demerit system implemented in the Seminary to the efforts of the school to discipline its students.

Discusses the metamorphosis of Cherokee law from 1750 to 1840. Discussion on the traditional law of blood feud of the Cherokee Indians; Changes imposed by the trade economy on the Cherokees; Role played by the Christian missionaries in the Cherokee's decision to change their laws.

Discusses the tour of the multitribal movement of Tecumseh in the Indian country between August 1811 and January 1812. Tribes visited by Tecumseh; Problems which the frontier had imposed upon the North American Indians; Number of people in tribes like Creeks, Choctaws and Cherokees.