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The author deals with permanent philosophical-theological question about relation of religion and mind, approaching to this problem especially through the experience of the early Christianity, which, with its relation to philosophy, considerably determined attitudes of Christian writers and entire theology till today. The view about incompatibility of religion and mind (Christianity and philosophy) was supported by the minority of the early Christian thinkers, while the majority thought that harmony and unity exist between rational cognition (philosophy) and religious cognition (theology). Prominent advocates of such view are Justin, Clement of Alexandria and Augustin. That harmonious relation, which has lasted for centuries, is now disarranged with separation and indifference that caused mutual impoverishment. The encyclical letter of the Pope John Paul II Fides et ratio warns about that. It wants to reestablish that forcibly disrupted harmony between these inseparable realities in accordance with the Church fathers.