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Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture & Forestry / Poljoprivreda i šumarstv is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The puberty represents one of the most critical children and adolescents growth and development period, when considerable differences between age and sex may be observed. The aim of this paper was to determine body height, body mass, menarche and nutritional status in children aged 13 and 14 in Podgorica (urban area) and Berane (the rural area around Berane). This overview study, according to International Biology Program (IBP) instructions, was performed in 2018 in elementary schools in Podgorica and Berane, and includes children aged 13 and 14. In Podgorica, 216 students underwent analysis, while 214 of them underwent analysis in Berane. Boys from Podgorica had a slightly higher average body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) in examined years compared to boys from Berane, but there was no statistical significance. Girls aged 14 years from Podgorica are slightly higher average body height and BMI and statistically significant (p <0.05) higher mean body weight compared to girls from Berane. An analysis of the nutritional status of children aged 13 and 14 in Podgorica and Berane shows that the highest percentage of boys (68.5% from Podgorica and 68.4% from Berane) and girls (75.7% from Podgorica and 74% from Berane) are in the category of normal weight. Girls in Podgorica have a menarche with 12.15 ± 0.84 and girls in Berane with 12.51 ± 0.68 years, which is a statistically significant difference (p=0.03). The girls in Podgorica have been puberty earlier than their peers in Berane. Higher obesity rate in girls in urban areas, leads to a conclusion that the attention should be particularly directed towards the diet and origin of food, especially in child development period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the dominant role in world nutrition, wheat was given the character of a strategic product. Its participation in human nutrition is gradually decreasing in developed countries where changes in the nutrition structure have prioritized animal proteins. However, in underdeveloped countries where the phenomenon of hunger is present in a severe form, the main tendency is to provide a sufficient amount of it for the needs of the population's diet. The paper examines the influence of genotype/variety and site on winter wheat yield components: length of ears, number of spikelets in the spike, number of grains in the spike and mass of grains per spike, during 2016/17. The tested factors exhibited a different impact and a strong intensity of influence on the parameters covered by the research. The cultivation site had a statistically significant influence on the length of the ear (spike), the number of spikelets in the spike and the number of grains in the spike. Within the wheat yield components, the factor of the genotype / variety had higher influence on the length of the spike. The genotype G2 had a longer spike (8.62 cm), the number of spikelets in the spike (18.30), the number of grains in the spike (42.58), and the grain weight per spike (1.57). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroforestry is a key indicator in terms of socioeconomic level towards developing countries especially to rural communities for sustainable development. Generally, agroforestry practices are valued environmentally, economically and socially. However, a key problem within recent literatures in relation to agroforestry practices is lack of awareness and knowledge among local community in rural areas. The aim of this study was to identify the contribution of agroforestry practices towards socioeconomics of communities in Merotai Besar, Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia. The data collection was conducted by questionnaire, which was randomly distributed to 250 respondents from five (5) villages namely Merotai Besar, Simpang Tiga, Kijang, Langsat and Iban. Majority of respondents strongly agreed that agroforestry practices could provide food resources for the wellbeing of rural communities. More than half of the communities in Merotai Besar area practiced agrisilvicultural system. A small number of residences in the study area also practiced agrosilvopastoral and silvopastoral systems. In spite of the fact that 93.2% of respondents were practicing agroforestry, they lack awareness that they were practicing agroforestry. This was due to poor dissemination of agroforestry information. This paper suggests that policy makers should encourage stakeholders to provide training and skills development centre to enhance the community's knowledge. Furthermore, it is necessary to encourage active community-based management practices within respective villages for sustainable economic development and to ensure prosperity for all. In conclusion, agroforestry practices can expand the socioeconomics level to reduce poverty of rural communities in Tawau area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on hunting bags records from the years 1981-2020, distribution, numbers and population dynamics of the badger was analysed in in SW Poland (29 358 km2, including 8411 km2 forests). Before 1999, the badger was harvested in SW Poland only occasionally. From 1999 till 2020, there was a steady increase from c. 200 in 1999 to c. 1100 in 2019. This increase in harvesting was a result of a parallel increase in numbers of badgers between 1996 (1000 individuals) to 2013 (c. 6500 individuals). Crude population density of the badger in SW Poland in 2001-2020 was everywhere below 1 ind./1000 ha of the total area. The ecological density, however, ranged from 0.2 to 6.1 ind./100 ha of total wooded area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air temperature in Bosnia and Herzegovina is increasing (0.3 - 0.6 °C per decade), while rainfall events are more extreme. Additionally, there is an increased variability in weather conditions across all seasons, marked by rapid shifts from extremely cold to warm weather, as well as transitions from periods of exceptionally high rainfall to exceedingly dry periods. Droughts and floods pose the most significant risks. However, Bosnia and Herzegovina faces a lack of adequate information and analyses of extreme climate events, especially regarding their timing, intensity, magnitude, duration, and spatial extent. Therefore, this study aims to address these questions using the precise drought index SPEI. The identified wet years were: 1969, 1970, 1976, 1978, 1999, 2001, 2010, 2013, and 2014, while the dry years were 1961, 1971, 1983, 1990, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2012, and 2020. In the northern and western regions of BiH, the longest wet period in terms of duration and spatial extent occurred from May 2014 to July 2015. In the central and southern parts of BiH, the longest wet period extended over 19 months from February 1969 to August 1970. The longest drought with the largest spatial extent was the drought from August 2011 to July 2013. The obtained data shows a significant shift towards drier weather, as dry months have increased by 15% compared to wet months. At the same time, there has been a decrease in near-normal conditions and an increase in extremely wet months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grape and wine production has a long tradition in Montenegro. Its potential is not used to its utmost considering that a large number of small wine producers exists in this agricultural production segment. This study analyses the production and promotion of small wine producers in Montenegro and their cooperation with local tourism organisations. The aim is to analyse the representation of small wine producers in the domestic market and the participation of local tourism organisations in promoting wine as one of the most critical Montenegrin agricultural products. A survey was conducted among small wine producers and regional tourism organisations. The survey determined that most Montenegrin small wine producers sell their products in their vineyards in the domestic market. Only 24.2% of the surveyed wine producers exported their wine. Regarding wine promotion, 75.8% think they need to promote their wines more. The most effective and cost-effective promotional activities worldwide are underrated and underused in Montenegro. Small wine producers' promotions through festivals and other cultural events were used by 42.4% of survey participants, whereas only 46.5% use digital marketing for promotional purposes for their wines. There is a similar trend in local tourism organisations. Regarding their overall promotional strategies, only 38% fell under digital marketing (website), 8% social networks and 46% fell under festivals and other cultural events. While considering survey results and based on determined deficiencies in the wine promotion of small wine producers in the domestic market, measures are observed and suggested to both small wine producers and tourism organisations at local and national levels that could be carried out to increase tourist and domestic consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new genus and species of the family Hadziidae, Fingerhadzia zorae, gen. and spec. nov., is described and figured from the subterranean waters of the river Shushica, tributary of Vjosa River, S. Albania (Adriatic Sea drainage system). The problem of recognition of genera within "Hadziid" Group of genera is discussed, and genus Fingerhadzia differs from other "Hadziid" genera by partially reduced palpus of left maxilla 1, dilated conus excretorius near antenna 2 and very short inner ramus of uropod 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article interrogates the complementarity of agrarian trade between the Czech Republic and Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia applying the Trade Complementarity Index. Analyzing the last decade, the results indicate two-way complementarity of agrarian trade between the Czech Republic and North Makedonia and Montenegro. Due to the changes in the exports and import structure during the period under scrutiny, Serbia and Albania have also become complementary to the agrarian trade of the Czech Republic and vice versa. The Czech Republic's agrarian exports are also complementary to Bosnia and Herzegovina's agrarian imports. Generally, the results support the ongoing liberalization process between the EU and the Western Balkans and the rationale for the cooperation of the Czech Republic with Western Balkan countries and taking advantage of existing economic resources in the segment of agrarian products. However, results also indicate existing barriers to developing more intensive agrarian trade between the Czech Republic and countries of the Western Balkans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yogurt is a fermented dairy product of great importance worldwide because of its nutritional and health benefits. The objective of this study was the bioconversion of a milk-liquid whey mixture into yogurt and Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) supplementation. Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were used as microorganisms for control and functional yogurt production. Samples were analyzed in terms of syneresis index and textural and sensory properties throughout cold storage. The syneresis index was determined using the drainage method, and the textural parameters were obtained from the texture profile analysis of samples. Sensory evaluation was used to assess consumer acceptance and responses to the sensory properties of functional yogurt. Functional yogurt expressed differences in syneresis index during storage and was significantly higher than control yogurt on day 21. The textural properties of the samples were similar during storage. Higher values of cohesiveness and springiness and lower values for hardness, adhesiveness, and gumminess were observed in functional yogurt. The results showed that color and taste had no statistically significant effect on yogurts. Only the level of whey separation differed considerably on the last day of storage, according to an evaluation of yogurt qualities. The bioconversion of liquid whey into functional yogurt provides a technology for whey valorization that promotes human health and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, sustainable forest management has proved to be a crucial issue for forestry companies becoming more and more sensitive to environmental problems. This resulted in the inherent expansion in forest certifications formally promoting long-term environmental sustainability and a wider spectrum of forest ecosystems. In this context this study aims to assess the main motivations that encourage the adoption of sustainable forest management certification for PEFC and FSC standards and how these motivations vary depending on the characteristics of the companies. Specifically, online questionnaire surveys were submitted to a sample of Italian and German forest owners and managers considering five main motivational factors offered by the economic literature: three external mechanisms represented by the market, signalling and legal mechanism and two internal mechanisms consisting of the moral and learning mechanism. Results highlighted that the main drivers are represented for both countries by the reporting mechanism, in particular certification is seen as a tool to demonstrate externally the implementation of sustainable forest management practices. Other mechanisms that guide the intentions of forest owners and managers include the legal mechanism, in particular in the Italian case, especially for publicly owned forest areas, more driven by the interest of complying with forestry regulations and the moral mechanism, in the case of Germany. The implications of this research are seen in development of forest certification, through understanding forest owners' reasons for adopting it and providing background information to improve the design of certification programs to attract greater adoption by forest companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues surrounding motivation within Generation Y have emerged as profoundly significant in contemporary society, presenting complex challenges that demand careful resolution. Constructing an effective motivation system has emerged as a paramount determinant of job performance. Moreover, the recognition of motivation as a critical factor influencing overall employee engagement has gained prominence; however, it frequently lacks appropriate attention and consideration. Motivation is not a delegable concept; it does not manifest implicitly and does not inherently form a part of an employee's professional competency portfolio. This article researches the intrinsic beliefs and preferences among Generation Y members relating to their motivation, which once met will most likely subsequently contribute to heightened job satisfaction and increased organizational productivity. It delves into the motivational drivers and employs empirical methodologies to substantiate the relationship and positive influence of motivation characteristics specific to this generation on their effectiveness and efficiency. The findings offer valuable recommendations for enterprises, managers, and human resources departments aiming to explore the dimensions of motivation, job satisfaction, and interpersonal relationships within their organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the pro-investment program was implemented in 2011, Wonogiri District including Ngadirojo Sub-district has experienced a shift in the economic sector from agriculture to industry, and land conversion has occurred. This research aims to determine the rate of land conversion in the Ngadirojo Subdistrict and its effect on land capability class. The rate of conversion is determined based on the shrinkage of land use area from 2009 to 2020. The land unit for observing the land capability class is determined by overlaying the land use change map with the soil type map. Observation of land capability class is carried out on agricultural land that is experiencing conversion. As comparison data, land capability classes were observed at points that did not experience conversion. Land use change in the Ngadirojo Sub-district in 2009-2020 covering an area of 1,308.53 ha (14.03%) with a rate of conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural areas of 264 ha (24 ha year-1). Changes in land use have a very significant effect on the land capability class. Land use causes soil permeability to be slower and degrades land capability. The recommended land management efforts in the research area are the addition of organic matter to soil properties and agroforestry system implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extremely high temperatures affecting cotton plants at various stages of ontogenesis. Oxidative damage of cell structures inflicted by moderately high temperatures is a main cause for the deleterious effect of heat stress. However, the status of the protective antioxidant system (AOS) in cotton plants has been studied mainly at the generative stages of development, while peculiarities of its functioning in the juvenile plants of various genotypes remains underexplored. The work was done to study the reaction of growth and the AOS response to the heat stress in the 7-8-day seedlings of various cotton cultivars obtained by various selection methods differing in economically valuable features. Surkhan-103 and Bukhara-102, the cultivars generated by classical selection, as well as those generated by biotechnological methods with higher fiber quality, to cultivars Porlok-1, Porlok-2, Ravnak-1 and Ravnak-2, were the objects of experiments. The 7-day seedlings were exposed to the 6-hour effect of high temperature (45°C) to subsequently assess the increment of control and stressinflicted plants and to determine parameters of the AOS state and development of oxidative damages. Surkhan-103, Porlok-4 and Ravnak-2 cultivars were found to distinguish by significantly lower post-stress inhibition of growth of both seedlings and roots than those of Bukhara-102, Ravnak-1 and Porlok-1. The sensitive cultivars affected by heat stress demonstrated higher post-stress contents of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, in the leaves. At the same time, the resistant cultivars demonstrated higher activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. The higher post-stress content of proline were typical of the resistant cultivars. A close direct correlation between inhibition of growth of seedlings and higher contents of hydrogen peroxide and MDA was demonstrated. In addition, high-level inverse correlation was demonstrated between the growth inhibition and higher catalase activity and proline content. The juvenile cotton plants were concluded to be promising in assessment of heat resistance and its dependence on the AOS state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of the socioeconomic and sociological context of entrepreneurship development in Montenegro. Having regard of the traditional social relations in Montenegro, female entrepreneurship is still emerging. In this respect, an empirical survey was carried out on a sample of 50 female entrepreneurs. The research should provide answers to the following questions: what motives were important for starting business; the barriers they encountered during business startup; the business activity they opted for, as well as to evaluate their cooperation with other business entities and their current social status. The survey was conducted in the period July-August 2017 in municipalities of Kolašin, Pljevlja and Podgorica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of agricultural plants for sowing and planning the economic success in production is done in conditions of uncertainty and high risk. The factors, which cause the biggest uncertainty in achieving returns in agricultural production, can be quantified by the valuation method. The sense, value, manner and process of decision-making problems are determined by the cultural, social, temporal, value, as well as logical context. Fuzzy logic was developed more than five decades ago. T he characteristics of fuzzy logic include operating by fuzzy notions, imprecise authentication tables, and fuzzy inference rules. All these characteristics of fuzzy logic are highly important, especially if we try to exchange or supplement the long-dominating approach of decision making in agricultural management with the descriptive one. The criteria, limitations and performances of measures of alternatives bear in themselves some aspects of indefiniteness: in determinativeness, multiple aspects of meaning, incompleteness and fuzziness. Operational research offers optimization models aimed at finding an activity programme that will yield the best possible results. The models use precisely determined and known data. Constraints are also precisely determined, and the goal function is clearly defined, so that it can be formulated easily and simply. Reality, especially in the agricultural production, however, is different: very often we lack precise information on the value of individual input parameters, or the values of coefficients in constraint and goal functions, and imprecise formulation of limitations themselves is possible as well. This paper presents the valuation method at planning the structure of sowing: wheat, chamomile and mint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of the environmental pollution and the indiscriminate abuse of natural resources as a result of the human practices, have affected many parts of the world through the global warming. In the last few decades it has been observed that climate variation affects to diverse ecosystems; the increase or decrease of the temperature in geographical zones that use to have a constant temperature, the water shortage, droughts and floods in places where these phenomena did not occur, are some examples caused by the irresponsible human actions. Although it is acknowledged that the large majority of the countries has a capitalist economic system has been an important cause of the environmental deterioration, is possible to make a change starting with social groups to replace these habits of consumerism and to raise awareness about care and environmental conservation. Against this background, as educational institution as an agent for change it is proposed the development of a curricular proposal that links the agroecology disciplinary knowledge in educational practices. A curriculum greening is achieved through the curricular contents of the subjects offered at high school, where the entire school community participates on sustainable practices that encourage their development and a students comprehensive education. In this paper, we present the case of the development of this project in the No. 100 Official High School, located in Texcoco, Mexico, likewise, demonstrates the progress, issues and challenges that have arisen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a result of many years of field and laboratory research of the soils in Strumica river basin, spread out on 148.124,02 ha, ranging from 150 to 1540 m above the sea level in order to gain a better understanding of the productive capacities of the soils and measures for their improvement. The filed research of the soils has been done according to methods described by (Markoski et al., 2014). In laboratory, the following analyses have been carried out on the soil samples: hygroscopic moisture; mechanical composition; pH of the soil solution; humus content and total nitrogen; content of carbonates; available nutrients P2O5 and K2O. The mechanical composition and chemical properties of the soils have been determined by standard methods described by (Belić et al, 2014), (Mitrikeski & Mitkova, 2001); (Resulović et al., 1971), (Džamić et al., 1996). This area is very heterogeneous, with numerous relief forms, with different expositions and inclinations, and with great differences of altitude. Additionally, there are several geological formations of a very heterogeneous petrographic-mineralogical composition and climate-vegetation zones. Long-term effects from human involvement should also be noted. The vast diversity of the factors required for soil formation in this area is the reason for the formation of many different soil types as well as the lower taxonomic units. These types of soils are characterized by different properties (chemical, physical, and physical-mechanical, productive). Therefore, they have varied effects on agricultural production. There are 14 (fourteen) different soil types distributed in the Strumica river basin together with a considerable amount of subtypes, varieties and forms. Mountain soils are prevalent in this river basin: 79.337,6 ha, or (53.56%) of the whole. Soils of lake terraces and of undulated hilly relief cover 30.507,42 ha, (20.59%), whereas soils of colluvial fans occupy 18.739,6 ha (12.65%) of the area. Finally, soils of the plains occupy 17.784,4 ha (12.01%) and Urbisol 1.755,57 ha (1.18%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]