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This article looks at the first editions of Thomas Jefferson's (1829) and James Madison's papers (1840). Both editions exhibit some peculiar features regarding content and structure. This article argues that the selection and editing of materials for these editions have to be seen in the context of Jefferson and Madison's combined efforts to provide an interpretation of the American founding from their (Republican) perspective. For example, the dates covered by the material in Madison's edition nicely complement the dates covered by the material of Jefferson's historical writings as left by him at the time of his death. Taken together, the two friends' documentary editions crafted a history of the United States' founding that, Madison and Jefferson hoped, would combat the mostly Federalist accounts of the era published in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and would thus help to preserve the "republican experiment" in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the archives collected by architectural historian Esther McCoy in the U.S. The papers contain a wide range of documents including research files, drafts, finished texts and working notes, photographs and slides. It also features the pictures of illuminated structures and designs developed by architect-engineer-contractor Felix Candela and architect Juan O'Gorman which is the snail-form tower of the entrance of house in Mexico. She donated her accumulated archives at the Archives of American Art.

Breaches of electronic medical records constitute a type of healthcare error, but should be considered separately from other types of errors because the national focus on the security of electronic data justifies special treatment of medical information breaches. Guidelines for protecting electronic medical records should be applied equally to paper medical records.

The article presents an extensive analysis and discussion of the work of the 20th-century American artist Vija Celmins, particularly her lunar drawings. Details are given outlining the historical context and source material for the moon drawings, providing an overview of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) campaign to document and showcase the American space exploration program. In-depth commentary is also given exploring the themes and techniques of Celmins' work, discussing themes of human-machine relationship and the technological medium of cameras.

Lists reports presented at the General Scientific Meetings of the Marine Biological Laboratory on August 14-16, 1995.

Part book and part toy, the 1905 "The House That Glue Built" gave young readers an opportunity to cut and paste paper objects into rooms found within the book's pages. Its Arts and Crafts design was a novel departure from other Glue Books at the turn of the twentieth century, and a sophisticated marketing agenda by publisher Frederick A. Stokes helped propel its success. This article examines "The House that Glue Built "as book, object, and toy and traces its evolution within the publishing world from concept to international best seller, becoming the cornerstone of the seventeen-volume Glue Series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By examining the ethnic identity of authors in over 2.5 million scientific papers written by US-based authors from 1985 to 2008, we find that persons of similar ethnicity coauthor together more frequently than predicted by their proportion among authors. The greater homophily is associated with publication in lower-impact journals and with fewer citations. Meanwhile, papers with authors in more locations and with longer reference lists get published in higher-impact journals and receive more citations. These findings suggest that diversity in inputs by author ethnicity, location, and references leads to greater contributions to science as measured by impact factors and citations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a list of books for readers in the U.S. as of autumn 2003. 'Can One Live After Auschwitz? A Philosophical Reader,' by Theodor W. Adorno, translated by Rodney Livingstone, and edited by Rolf Tiedemann; 'Time Passing: Modernity and Nostalgia,' by Sylviane Agacinski, and translated by Jody Gladding; 'Teaching Literature: A Companion,' edited by Tanya Agathocleous and Ann C. Dean; 'Momus,' by Leon Battista Alberti, and translated by Sarah Knight.

The article focuses on the papers of American artist Joan Semmel at the Archives of American Art within the Smithsonian Institution. The author provides background information on Semmel's work as a feminist figurative painter and Abstract Expressionist, explains that the papers include source photographs, files from her time teaching at Rutgers University, and correspondence from writer David Markson.

Presents news briefs on the preservation of library materials in the U.S. as of May 1982. Issuance of the first publication of the National Preservation Program; Publication in paperback of the 3rd edition of George T. Eaton's "Photographic Chemistry in Black and White and Color Photography"; Production of a set of manuals on the preservation of paper and microfilm by the Nebraska State Historical Society.

A bibliography on the topic of social services is presented, which includes the books "America’s Poor and the Great Recession," by Kristin S. Seefeldt and John D. Graham, "Chinese Social Policy in a Time of Transition," edited by Douglas J. Besharov and Karen Baehler, and "Markets of Sorrow, Labors of Faith: New Orleans in the Wake of Katrina," by Vincanne Adams.

The article focuses on an addition to the papers of American art gallery owner Richard Kuhlenschmidt at the Archives of American Art, which include photographs of letters from Las Vegas, Nevada casino signage. The author provides a brief biography of Kuhlenschmidt and discusses the gallery operated by Kuhlenschmidt and Tim Jancar in an apartment in Los Angeles, California, and the gallery he operated with Joan Simon Menkes in West Hollywood, California.

This paper examines how high-skilled immigrants contribute to knowledge diffusion using a rich data set of Russian scientists and US citations to Soviet-era publications. Analysis of a panel of US cities and scientific fields shows that citations to Soviet-era work increased significantly with the arrival of immigrants. A difference-in-differences analysis with matched paper pairs also shows that after Russian scientists moved to the United States, citations to their Soviet-era papers increased relative to control papers. Both strategies reveal scientific field-specific effects. Ideas in high-impact papers and papers previously accessible to US scientists were the most likely to "spill over" to natives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the career of ceramic artist Toshiko Takaezu, focusing on her works and papers in the Archives of American Art at the Smithsonian Institution. Topics include her role as a teacher including positions at the Cleveland Institute of Art and Princeton University, her construction of a special kiln for large-scale works, and images of Takaezu at work.

The article discusses artist Eileen Cowin's professional and personal papers dating from 1965 to 2004 which which includes her correspondence and negatives, work prints and documentation of her public art projects. Topics include Cowin's contributions to American art photography, and the insights Cowin's papers offers to her evolution as an artist and the Conceptual and experimental photography scene in Southern California.

Comments on David Meltzer's paper, titled 'Hospitalists and the doctor-patient relationship'. Value equation and data regarding the hospitalist model; Impact of hospitalists on cost and quality; Potential disadvantages of the hospitalist model; Patient attitudes toward the hospitalist model of care.

The article discusses papers in the current issue of "Journal of Labor Economics," with topics including traits of high-skilled immigrants coming to the U.S., adjustments in the work conducted by university mathematics faculty in response to high-skilled immigration, and the impact of H-1B program on local rates of productivity.

The article offers news briefs. The William Gropper papers which are considered as the largest among the collections in William Gropper papers are included in the different papers that came to the Archives through the New York Office. Arnold Friedman's papers were also given to the Archives. The illustrated envelope and letter written by Alexander Calder to Andrew Gagarin is one of the added acquisitions of the Archives.

In 1947, the Cornell psychiatrist Keeve Brodman and a handful of colleagues began developing what would become one of the most widely used health questionnaires of its time—the Cornell Medical Index (CMI). A rigidly standardized form, the CMI presented 195 yes-no questions designed to capture the health status of "the total patient." Over the following decades, Brodman's project of standardizing medical history taking gradually evolved into a project of mathematizing and computerizing diagnosis: out of the CMI grew the Medical Data Screen (MDS), one of the first computerized methods of deriving diagnoses from patient data. This essay follows the life course of these tools through the second half of the twentieth century. It argues for a genealogy of biomedical computing and computerized diagnosis that takes more seriously the continuities between computer-based digital practices and paper-based analog ones. The computerized MDS evolved from, and rested upon, paper data practices associated with questionnaires and surveys. The interlocking histories of the CMI and the MDS prompt a reconsideration of the material and temporal parameters within which the history of computerized medicine has conventionally been understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge producers conducting research on a particular set of questions may respond to supply and demand shocks by shifting resources to a different set of questions. Cognitive mobility measures the transition from one location to another in idea space. We examine the cognitive mobility flows unleashed by the influx of Soviet mathematicians into the United States after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The data reveal that American mathematicians moved away from fields that received large numbers of Soviet émigrés. Diminishing returns in specific research areas, rather than beneficial human capital spillovers, dominated the cognitive mobility decisions of knowledge producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women who promoted library services to children in the United States in the late nineteenth century introduced the systematic use of survey research on library practice to the field of professional librarianship. They created a series of qualitative survey-based reports, the Reading of the Young reports, which were presented at ALA conferences from 1882 to 1898. These reports both assessed the current state of and promoted the development of services to youth. The research model they developed was adopted by other women and men in librarianship for research on other aspects of the emerging field of public library service. The discourse of librarianship had been previously based on individual expertise, and their research model changed the field in two ways: first, by gathering empirical evidence about library practice, and second, by introducing a collaborative model of discourse. These findings about the influence of women during the early years of librarianship call for reexamination of historical explanations for feminization of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about income inequality emphasize the importance of accurate income measures. Estimates of top income shares based only on individual tax returns are biased by tax-base changes, social changes, and missing income sources. This paper addresses these shortcomings and presents new estimates of the distribution of national income since 1960. Our analysis of pretax income shows that top income shares are lower and have increased less since 1980 than other studies using tax data. In addition, increasing government transfers and tax progressivity have resulted in rising real incomes for all income groups and little change in aftertax top income shares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guide to the Collection of the University of Chicago Library provides some identifying information for every item which has been incorporated into the collection of written works by Henry C. Simons, and an attempt has been made to arrange all items in the collection in a manner so as to make them most accessible to the researcher. This article summarizes the contents of the collection. The correspondence is divided into files by name of the correspondent and numbered in alphabetical order . Because Simons' professional interests were so often pursued in the context of personal relationships and academic and social activities, no attempt was made to distinguish between personal and professional correspondence. The University Policy section includes a number of letters and memorandums surrounding a controversy over the University of Chicago faculty contracts. The Economics Department Section includes memos regarding specific faculty appointments, faculty politics and complaints as well as some comments on student work. The unpublished manuscript section contains a number of relatively short essays, memorandums and other miscellaneous writings by the economist in various stages of completion.

The article focuses on comments of some educators to the report "A Nation at Risk," issued by the National Commission Excellence in Education. The education system in the U.S. seems to be deteriorating. The report recommends to raise standards in educations by recruiting qualified teachers. It is felt by some educators that the report would be successful, if it generates public opinion against accepting mediocre education being provided in American schools.

The article reports on the publication of a series of pamphlets dealing with various aspects of economics education in the U.S. Two of the pamphlets are specifically designed for elementary grades. The first, "Men and Machines Work Together," tells how a class of second-grade pupils learned a great deal about men and machines. The second, "Transportation: Lifeline of America," relates the problems of transportation to specialization, interdependence and technological change.

Abstract Public pay-for-performance (P4P) programs tie hospital payments to predetermined sets of quality measures and are intended to encourage or discourage certain outcomes. To the extent that financial penalties from these programs induce some response by hospitals, such penalties may translate into higher negotiated payments from commercial insurance payers. In this paper, we employ data on commercial insurance payments from a large, multi-payer database to study the extent to which penalties levied under the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) and the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) program, two major P4P components of the Affordable Care Act, caused changes in private hospital payments. We find that the bulk of any penalties resulting from HRRP and HVBP are borne by private insurance patients in the form of higher private insurance payments. Specifically, we show that HRRP and HVBP financial penalties led to increases in private payments of 1.9 percent, with effects concentrated among circulatory system procedures. These penalties were also associated with a 3.1 percent reduction in Medicare discharges. Our estimates are larger for hospitals with higher shares of privately insured patients, which suggests the importance of hospital bargaining power in facilitating higher commercial insurance payments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the optimal determination of deposit insurance when bank runs are possible. We show that the welfare impact of changes in the level of deposit insurance coverage can be generally expressed in terms of a small number of sufficient statistics, which include the level of losses in specific scenarios and the probability of bank failure. We characterize the wedges that determine the optimal ex ante regulation, which map to asset- and liability-side regulation. We demonstrate how to employ our framework in an application to the most recent change in coverage in the United States, which took place in 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1937 Alexandre Hogue was commissioned to paint oil operations in West Texas, and over the next seven years he created a series of paintings, murals, and lithographs picturing petroleum. This essay uses Hogue's archive and environmental histories of oil to understand the artist's ambivalent conceptualization of the industry's place in his beloved landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies use matched employer-employee data to estimate a statistical model of earnings determination with worker and firm fixed effects. Estimates based on this model have produced influential yet controversial conclusions. The objective of this paper is to assess the sensitivity of these conclusions to the biases that arise because of limited mobility of workers across firms. We use employer-employee data from the United States and several European countries while taking advantage of both fixed effects and random effects methods for bias correction. We find that limited mobility bias is severe and that bias correction is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on African American scholars and the development of African studies programs in the United States in 1942 to 1960. It is inferred that African American scholars played a noticeable role in furthering the study of Africa in the U.S. before the World War II. It discusses the expansion of study programs by Black universities and philanthropic foundations after World War II. It explores the African studies program spearheaded by the Ford Foundation, St. Claire Drake and Roosevelt University.

We examine the relative performance of voting technologies by studying presidential, gubernatorial, and senatorial election returns across hundreds of counties in the United States from 1988 to 2000. Relying on a fixed-effects regression applied to an unbalanced panel of counties, we find that in presidential elections, traditional paper ballots produce the lowest rates of uncounted votes (i.e.,“residual votes”), followed by optically scanned ballots, mechanical lever machines, direct register electronic machines (DREs), and punch cards. In gubernatorial and senatorial races, paper, optical scan ballots, and DREs are significantly better in minimizing the residual vote rate than mechanical lever machines and punch cards. If all jurisdictions in the United States that used punch cards in 2000 had used optically scanned ballots instead, we estimate that approximately 500,000 more votes would have been attributed to presidential candidates nationwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers news briefs. Suspension was given to the Archives program review in the first quarter of 1984. The papers of Louis Demott Bunce, one of Portland's well-known painters, are highlighted by the volominous personal correspondence. The letter to Jackson Pollock is one of the most exciting composition of the Bunce papers.

The article presents a series of papers from a conference at Employment and Social Development Canada, that compares US and Canadian labor markets and social policy issues. Topics discussed include the paper covering the five broad themes of social programs, immigration, unemployement, local labor markets and human capital.

The article reviews the bimonthly tabloid "Art Papers," edited by Glenn Harper. The tabloid covers all contemporary visual, performance, and multi-disciplinary arts in the Southeastern states. It features interviews with and articles about notable artists Jacques Derrida and Leroy Neiman. It offers practical information about managing a nonprofit arts organization and the state of art criticism in North Carolina.

This paper extends a canonical model of intergenerational human capital investment to a geographic context to study the role of migration in influencing income mobility in the United States. The main result is that migration is considerably influential in shaping the high rates of economic mobility observed among children from low-wage areas, with human capital investment behavioral responses being important to consider. Equalizing school quality across locations does more to reduce interstate inequality in income mobility than equalizing skill prices, and policies that attempt to decrease human capital flight from low-wage areas via cash transfers are unlikely to be cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about several awards presented by the American Society of Naturalists. The President's award of the American Society of Naturalists is given to the best paper that appeared in the journal "American Naturalist" in the preceding calendar year. The Edward Osborne Wilson Naturalist Award was established in 1997 on the occasion of Professor Wilson's retirement in recognition of his lifetime of outstanding contributions in the areas of ecology and evolutionary biology, including the study of social insects, biodiversity, and biophilia. The Sewall Wright Award, which recognizes a senior-level active researcher for significant and continuing contributions to the objectives of the American Society of Naturalists, was awarded in 2005 to Robert E. Ricklefs. The Young Investigators' Prizes recognize outstanding and promising work by investigators who received their doctorates in the three years preceding the application deadline or are in their final year of graduate school. The prizes include presentation of a research paper at the annual meeting of the American Society of Naturalists, reimbursement for travel to the annual meeting, and a $500 honorarium.

Focuses on the controversy over dead cattle and other animals found in southeast Georgia during the spring of 1958. Mystery surrounding the unexplained deaths; Reluctance of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to fully engage in the controversy; Diversity of opinions about the unexplained deaths of the animals.