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The specificities of the city of Touba, demographically, economically, and the religious ideological underpinnings of its governance, structure and orient the sociospatial dynamics, which remain insufficiently mastered. The objective of this article is to question the sustainability of the governance model of the city of Touba, characterized by the difficult reconciliation between strong demographic pressure, spatial sprawl, the informal economy and religious administration (unconventional) of the city. The methodological approach combines direct observation, the processing of quantitative and qualitative data obtained by household surveys, interview guides and mapping. The results and discussions show that informality is a resource and an opportunity for development in Touba. However, it ultimately constitutes a threat to the sustainability of the governance model of the religious city. The subsidiarity of the role of the State in decision-making is the source of the many shortcomings and gaps observed in spatial planning and territorial governance (deficiencies in the urban fabric, spatial spreading, land spoliation, insecurity, habitat spontaneous, sanitation, roads, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demographic amplification of the city of Ziguinchor gives rise to spatial extension, which is accompanied by various problems: dysfunction in urban planning, development of economic and spatial informality. These problems jeopardize economic viability by creating imbalances between the growing need for urban services of the population and the weak or limited means of the municipality to make the necessary investments. This situation makes urban governance the most convoluted. This article adopts a method of urban territory diagnosis based on spatial analysis and that of the territoriality of the actors, expressed in the form of spatial prototypes through the mechanisms of geomatics. The results allowed, first, to make the territorial diagnosis of the city of Ziguinchor; then, to expose the growth of employment and the importance of geomatics in urban management and finally, to make innovative proposals allowing the articulation of practices of different actors for efficient urban governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]