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Microcosm describes a miniature representation of a living or non-living thing. For example, there are miniature buildings, cars, furniture, dolls, mushrooms, flowers and plants. Microcosm bioluminescent mushrooms are miniatures of real mushrooms that produce light which is visible in the dark as a result of a biochemical reaction.

It is often misconstrued that communication can only be done by macro-organisms including the common man. This is the central dogma that is circulated universally. Organisms like Alivibrio fischeri, or what was once known as Vibrio fischeri has challenged this theory. Microorganisms are able to communicate through a mechanism called quorum sensing.

Microcosm describes a miniature representation of a living or non-living thing. For example, there are miniature buildings, cars, furniture, dolls, mushrooms, flowers and plants. Microcosm bioluminescent mushrooms are miniatures of real mushrooms that produce light which is visible in the dark as a result of a biochemical reaction.

It is often misconstrued that communication can only be done by macro-organisms including the common man. This is the central dogma that is circulated universally. Organisms like Alivibrio fischeri, or what was once known as Vibrio fischeri has challenged this theory. Microorganisms are able to communicate through a mechanism called quorum sensing.

A biological neurone receives inputs from many sources, combines and presents them as a non-linear operation before releasing outputs as the final result. Inspired by the neural structures of human brain. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a computational model for process optimization that has an ability to recognize and reproduce the networks via training of various input-output systems that lead to the demonstration of complex systems.

Trillions of neural network are connected to one another in the brain. “The aMAZEing Brain” is the product of the thoughts generated in a whimsical way by these connections. This model appears to be a brain figure with many partitions representing different brain regions.

Trillions of neural network are connected to one another in the brain. “The aMAZEing Brain” is the product of the thoughts generated in a whimsical way by these connections. This model appears to be a brain figure with many partitions representing different brain regions.

A biological neurone receives inputs from many sources, combines and presents them as a non-linear operation before releasing outputs as the final result. Inspired by the neural structures of human brain. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a computational model for process optimization that has an ability to recognize and reproduce the networks via training of various input-output systems that lead to the demonstration of complex systems.

Lignocellulosic material which comprises lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose is a sustainable and renewable resource and it can come from forest and agricultural wastes and urban waste. 75 % of the lignocelluloses are made up of carbohydrates. Polysaccharides are the major cell wall constituents in the plant cell with the total amount up to 80 % of the total weight of the woody material. The simple sugar monomers in the polysaccharides can be converted into lactic acid through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation process.

Lignocellulosic material which comprises lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose is a sustainable and renewable resource and it can come from forest and agricultural wastes and urban waste. 75 % of the lignocelluloses are made up of carbohydrates. Polysaccharides are the major cell wall constituents in the plant cell with the total amount up to 80 % of the total weight of the woody material. The simple sugar monomers in the polysaccharides can be converted into lactic acid through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation process.