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This article aims to know the contractual relationship between PT JIEP and PT Yamaha Indonesia in the perspective of the Book of Private Law Regulation and Government Regulation Number 142 of 2015 concerning Industrial Estates and challenges and obstacles faced by PT JIEP in carrying out contractual relationships. This research is a descriptive empirical law research. The research location is at PT JIEP. The research types and source of data include primary and secondary data. Methods for data collection are through depth interview and literature study. The technique analysis data is qualitative with interactive model analysis. The results of this research shows that the Challenges and obstacles faced by PT JIEP in conducting contractual relations is: (a) lack of the active role for PT JIEP in Industrial Relations Disputes; and (b) there is no clear action written in the agreement if there is delay in lease payment and deposit.Keywords: Legal Contract; Industrial Area; Industrial Relation Dispute.AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kontraktual antara PT JIEP dan PT Yamaha Indonesia ditinjau dalam perspektif KUHPerdata dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 142 Tahun 2015 tentang Kawasan Industri dan tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi oleh PT JIEP dalam menjalankan hubungan kontraktual. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di PT. Jakarta Industrial Estate Pulogadung. Jenis dan sumber data penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan Tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi oleh PT JIEP dalam melakukan hubungan kontraktual adalah: (a) kurangnya peran PT JIEP secara aktif dalam Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial; dan (b) tidak adanya tindakan yang jelas yang tertulis dalam perjanjian apabila terdapat keterlambatan pembayaran sewa dan deposit.Kata Kunci: Kontrak; Kawasan Industri; Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial.

This article aims to determine the factors that hinder the effectiveness of the application of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) on children’s toys. The research methodology used is empirical research, whichis researching secondary data at first, then continuing research on primary data in the field or thecommunity. Legal research materials used are primary and secondary legal materials, the techniqueused in gathering legal materials is depth interviews and document studies or library materials. Theresults showed that there were factors that hindered the effectiveness of the implementation of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), which was due to the community being indifferent or not paying attention to the importance of standardization in children’s toys besidesthe lack of merchant knowledgeto the importance of SNI in children’s toys.In the application of SNI, there are inhibiting factors, namelythe Law factor indicated by the absence of regional regulations governing mandatory SNI on children’stoys, law enforcement factors namely the lack of work ethic in law enforcement, facility and infrastructurefactorsare indicated by communication tools that do not yet support the role of law enforcers to maximizetheir performance, community factors many people who do not know the importance of SNI in children’stoys due to the lack of socialization they get, cultural factors are shown by the legal culture or immaturelegal habits of society so that the effectiveness of the mandatory forefront of SNI is not running optimally.Keywords: SNI; Children Toys; Effectiveness.AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menjadi penghambat efektivitas penerapan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) pada mainan anak. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalahpenelitian empiris, yaitu meneliti data sekunder pada awalnya, untuk kemudian dilanjutkan penelitianterhadap data primer di lapangan atau terhadap masyarakat. Bahan penelitian hukum yang digunakanadalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan bahan hukumadalah depth interview dan studi dokumen atau bahan pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapatfaktor yang menghambat efektivitas penerapan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) yaitu dikarenakanmasyarakat acuh atau tidak memperhatikan betul pentingnya standardisasi pada mainan anak selainitu kurangnya pengetahuan pedagang terkait pentingnya SNI pada mainan anak. Dalam penerapanSNI terdapat faktor-faktor yang menghambat yaitu faktor Undang-Undang ditunjukkan dengan belumadanya peraturan daerah yang mengatur tentang wajib SNI pada mainan anak, faktor penegak hukumyaitu masih kurangnya etos kerja pada penegak hukum, faktor sarana dan prasarana ditunjukkandengan alat komunikasi yang belum menunjang peranan penegak hukum untuk memaksimalkankinerjanya, faktor masyarakat yaitu banyak masyarakat yang belum mengetahui pentingnya SNI padamainan anak dikarenakan kurangnya sosialisasi yang mereka dapatkan, faktor kebudayaan ditunjukkandengan budaya hukum atau kebiasaan hukum masyarakat yang belum matang sehingga efektivitas penerapan wajib SNI tidak berjalan dengan maksimal. Kata Kunci: SNI; Mainan Anak; Efektivitas.

The purpose aims to find out the form of legal protection to the parties and the problematic that facing by Financial Services Authority to provide effort of legal protection for the parties in the service of equity crowdfunding. This legal research is a descriptive empirical law research. The research location is Financial Services Authority Surakarta. The research types and source of data include primary and secondary data with using by a qualitative analysis technique. The results of this research explain the problematic that facing by Financial Services Authority to provide effort of legal protection in the service of equity crowdfunding which is divided into three factors that is : (a) legal substance, (b) legal structure, and (c) legal culture.Keywords: Legal Protection; Problematic; Equity CrowdfundingAbstrakPenulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum kepada para pihak serta problematika yang dihadapi oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam memberikan upaya perlindungan hukum kepada para pihak dalam layanan equity crowdfunding. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Surakarta. Jenis dan sumber data penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data sekunder dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan problematika dalam memberikan upaya perlindungan hukum pada para pihak yang dihadapi oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam layanan equity crowdfunding yang terbagi menjadi tiga faktor yaitu: (a) substansi hukum, (b) struktur hukum, dan (c) budaya hukum.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Problematika; Equity Crowdfunding

The Agreement on the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) WTO and The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) The Blueprint envisions the transformation of the WTO and ASEAN region through the facilitation of the free flow of goods and services. With tariffs declining to near-zero levels, non-tariff barriers are increasingly focused on coordination by member-countries. However, the quality of goods / services becomes a central issue that determines the market entry. Therefore, TBT agreement and AEC Blueprint require fulfillment of Standards and Conformity Assessment to guarantee the quality of goods or services. On the one hand, the low level of compliance of business actors in applying SNI (Indonesian National Standards) represents of the low level of Indonesian industry competitiveness in international level. Thus, specific government’s policies are required, one of which is that dealing with the strategic roles of local government to support products manufactured by national industries to break through global markets. Some strategies for strengthening local policies in national standardization include: (a) constructing local regulations governing Standards and Conformity assessment; (b) implementing mandatory SNI to leading local products; (c) Strengthening mutual cooperation between local government and related stakeholders.

The purpose of this article is to determine the problems in the implementation of equity crowdfunding. This legal research uses descriptive empirical legal writing method by conducting a qualitative analysis of primary data and secondary data.. The result showed that there were obstacles inside the legal system as well as outside the legal system, including normative problems related to the Regulation of the Financial Services Authority Number 37/POJK.04/2018 about Funding Services through Stock Offerings based on Information Technology (Equity Crowdfunding), and non-normative problems that includeculture, infrastructure, systems, and the limited knowledge of the community. Therefore, the government, especially the Financial Services Authority, should revise the Financial Services Authority Regulation regarding equity crowdfunding to be more optimal. Keywords: Problems; Otoritas Jasa Keuangan; Equity Crowdfunding Abstrak Tujuan artikel ini untuk mengetahui problematika dalam pelaksanaan equity crowdfunding. Jenis penelitian hukum ini adalah hukum empiris bersifat deskriptif, dengan analisis secara kualitatif pada data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya hambatan dalam sistem hukum maupun di luar sistem hukum yang menghambat terlaksananya equity crowdfunding di Indonesia, diantaranya problematika normatif yang terdapat di dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 37/POJK.04/2018 tentang Layanan Urun Dana melalui Penawaran Saham Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (Equity Crowdfunding), dan problematika non normatif yang mencakup budaya, infrastruktur, sistem, dan keterbatasan pengetahuan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah khususnya Otoritas Jasa Keuangan seharusnya merevisi Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan mengenai equity crowdfunding agar penyelenggaraan equity crowdfunding lebih optimal. Kata Kunci: Problematika; Otoritas Jasa Keuangan; Equity Crowdfunding

This study examines the role of the Indonesia Stock Exchange on capital market investors regarding the bankruptcy of a public company. This research uses normative-empirical legal research methods with descriptive and prescriptive forms. The results show that the legal protection of capital market investors by the Indonesia Stock Exchange can be done with the principle of disclosure to investors and monitoring of financial reports, annual reports, and other periodic reports. Keywords: Bankrupt, Investor, Legal ProtectionAbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji tentang peran Bursa Efek Indonesia terhadap investor pasar modal mengenai kepailitan perusahaan terbuka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif-empiris dengan sifat penelitian deskriptif dan bentuk preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Upaya perlindungan hukum investor pasar modal oleh Bursa Efek Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan prinsip keterbukaan kepada para investor dan pantauan mengenai Laporan keuangan, Laporan tahunan, dan Laporan berkala lainnya. Kata kunci: Pailit, Investor, Perlindungan Hukum.

This article describes how to apply standardization on batik in Yogyakarta. This is based on the globalization of trade which requires all products to meet standards that have been applied internationally to be accepted in the international market. The methodology and research used are empirical legal research methods that are sociological juridical, namely understanding the conditions and social situations in which the law is applied. The results of the study show that law enforcement officers in this case are the Yogyakarta City Industri and Trade Department and the Yogyakarta Center for Crafts and Batik has not made maximum effort. The legal rules that apply are not relevant to current conditions because the application of standardization of batik which is a benchmark to be accepted in the international market cannot be enforced. In addition, there are still many legal cultures in the batik industri that ignore the law, especially batik standardization. This has an impact on batik entrepreneurs who apply standardization on batik in the city of Yogyakarta are still very few due to various obstacles.Keywords: Standardization; Batik; International Trade; Application of Rules; ProblemsAbstrakArtikel ini mendeskripsikan bagaimana penerapan standarisasi pada batik di Kota Yogyakarta. Hal tersebut didasari oleh globalisasi perdagangan yang menuntut semua produk harus memenuhi standar yang telahditerapkan secara internasional agar dapat diterima di pasar internasional. Metodologi dan penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat yuridis sosiologis, yaitu memahami kondisi dan situasi sosial kemasyarakatan di mana hukum itu diterapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aparat penegak hukum dalam hal ini adalah Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kota Yogyakarta serta Balai Besar Kerajinan dan Batik Yogyakarta belum melakukan usaha yang maksimal. Aturan hukum yang berlaku tidak relevan dengan kondisi sekarang ini dikarenakan penerapan standarisasi batik yang menjadi tolok ukur untuk dapat diterima di pasar internasional tidak dapat dipaksakan penerapannya. Selain itu budaya hukum dalam pelaku industri batik masih banyak yang mengabaikan hukum, khususnya standarisasi batik. Hal demikian berdampak pada pelaku usaha batik yang menerapan standarisasi pada batik di Kota Yogyakarta masih sangat sedikit yang dikarenakan berbagai kendala yang ada. Kata Kunci: Standarisasi; Batik; Perdagangan Internasional; Penerapan Aturan; Problematika.

This review is to analyze the validity of electronic contracts in e-commerce transactions using bitcoin in terms of civil law. This study is based on the results of the normative legal study that is descriptive by using the law approach. The types and sources of legal materials used are secondary data. The technique of collecting legal materials using literature study. The technique of analysis of legal materials used is qualitative with deductive method in drawing conclusion. The result of research shows the validity of electronic contract in e-commerce transaction with bitcoin payment method must fulfill the provisions of Article 1320 KUH Perdata regarding the validity of the agreement. In e-commerce transactions by bitcoin payment methods the terms of validity in Article 1320 KUH Perdata are very difficult to fulfill, so contracts born in e-commerce transactions by method of payment through bitcoin are invalid and can be canceled through a court decision if the parties or wrong one party wishes, but if the parties do not request a cancellation then the contract remains valid and binds the parties involved. The responsibilities of each party involved in this transaction ie the seller, the buyer, the payment system provider, and the expedition must be viewed in terms of the respective parties’ liabilities and also seen from the disadvantages caused by the fault of the parties involved.Keywords: Electronic Contract; E-Commerce Transaction; BitcoinAbstrakKajian ini untuk menganalisis keabsahan kontrak elektronik dalam transaksi e-commerce menggunakan bitcoin ditinjau dari aspek hukum perdata. Kajian ini didasarkana atas hasil kajian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang- undang. Jenis dan sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah berupa data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode deduktif dalam penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan keabsahan kontrak elektronik dalam transaksi e-commerce dengan metode pembayaran bitcoin haruslah memenuhi ketentuan Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata mengenai syarat sahnya perjanjian. Dalam transaksi e-commerce dengan metode pembayaran bitcoin syarat-syarat keabsahan dalam Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata sangatlah sulit untuk dipenuhi, sehingga kontrak yang lahir dalam transaksi e-commerce dengan metode pembayaran melalui bitcoin tidak sah dan dapat dibatalkan melalui putusan pengadilan apabila para pihak atau salahsatu pihak menghendaki, namun apabila para pihak tidak meminta pembatalan maka kontrak tersebut tetap berlaku dan mengikat para pihak yang terlibat. Tanggung jawab masing-masing pihak yang terlibat didalam transaksi ini yakni penjual, pembeli, penyelenggara sistem pembayaran, dan pihak ekspedisi harus dilihat dari segi kewajiban masing-masing pihak dan juga dilihat dari kerugiaan tersebut disebabkan oleh kesalahan pihak yang terlibat.Kata Kunci : Kontrak Elektronik, Transaksi E-Commerce, Bitcoin

The present study seeks to analyze the functions of civil registration in poverty reduction and to identify various problems encountered in civil registration in Indonesia. This study was conducted by using an empirical law research. Primary data and legal materials are analyzed qualitatively with empirical juridical approach. The results conclude that civil registration yields demographic data that play a strategic role in the utilization of public services and development planning. Improving the quality of human life, either in the field of education, health or revenue requires demographic data as the policy focus. This gives implications that the basis of development program interventions in the three sectors refer to the aforementioned demographic data. Therefore, the use of demographic data and expansion of the coverage of ownership of demographic documents present as strategic steps for poverty reduction. However, the low attainment of document ownership in some regions and the limited number of civil registration apparatuses become an indicator of the absence of roles of demographic data in development. This has an impact on improperly targeted development planning. Several strategies that need to be implemented include: (1) Strengthening regulations at the regional level that regulate the utilization of demographic data in development planning; (2) establishing study program of civil registration law as an attempt of population-based development in Indonesia.