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The purpose of this study was to analyze accidents due to road conditions based on the perspective of the Civil Code and Law Number 22 of 2009 and analyze the government's responsibility for accidents due to road conditions. This study used a normative juridical method, a statutory approach, a historical approach, and a case approach. The data sources were obtained from primary and secondary legal materials, which were analyzed using deductive logic techniques. Based on the Civil Code and Law Number 22 of 2009, accidents due to road conditions were unlawful acts committed by the government. The government's responsibility for accidents due to road conditions was not only carried out by repairing damaged roads but must be responsible to victims by providing compensation either materially or immaterially. The government did not enforce its obligation to repair damaged roads, resulting in a traffic law incident.

Abstract: Method to prevent scouring, which is popular, is riprap, sack gabion, and gabion mattresses. The aims of this research are to analyze: (1) effectively installation patterns, (2) effectively dimensions, and (3) significance level. Method for analysis use descriptive analysis non dimensional. Results of research: (1) effective pattern installation is installing the structures at the face of pier and above river bed, (2) Dimension of the structures indicate that ever greater of the structures more effective to prevent scouring with optimum dimension is p/t = 4 (p = length and t = high), and (3) the structures give good performance to prevent scouring.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pelimpah yang dapat memperlambat aliran/meredam energi paling besar diantara jenis pelimpah yang diuji. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan lima macam model fisik hidrolika yaitu: pelimpah konvensional, pelimpah berterap dengan anaktangga datar, pelimpah berterap dengan anaktangga miring 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Masing-masing pelimpah dialiri dengan seri debit 10 lt/dt, 15 lt/dt, 20 lt/dt, 25 lt/dt, dan 30 lt/dt. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) semakin besar debit yang dialirkan, maka semakin kecil kuantitas peredaman energi yang dihasikan untuk semua jenis pelimpah yang diuji, (2) peredaman energi pelimpah konvensional menempati urutan terendah dan urutan berikutnya ditempati oleh pelimpah berterap dangan anaktangga miring 30%, 10%, 0% (datar), dan yang tertinggi ditempati oleh pelimpah berterap dengan anaktangga miring 20%, (3) ada kecenderungan kuat bahwa pada pelimpah berterap dengan anaktangga miring = 30% menghasilkan peredaman energi yang semakin kecil dibandingkan dengan peredaman energi yang dihasilkan oleh pelimpah berterap lainnya.