Search

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic bacterium, which could aggressively infect immunocompromised patients and thus, cause high mortality rate. In addition, P. aeruginosa in oropharynx could be aspirated and cause ventilator associated pneumonia. Royal jelly is one of bee’s products that has been used for therapeutic needs including antibacteria. Adherence factor of P. aeruginosa were flagelum, pili and lectin. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of royal jelly to P. aeruginosa adhesion. Suspension of P. aeruginosa (ATCC® 27853) was incubated at 37 °C for 18 h. Treatment groups were exposed to royal jelly with several concentrations, 2%, 4%, 6%; while distilled water was being used as negative control. Bacterial adhesion test was determined using spectrophotometer λ = 600 nm to measure optical density values of adhered bacterial suspension in tubes. The result of one-way ANOVA showed significant differences (p

Periodontal disease has a high prevalence in Indonesia. Gingival disease is a periodontal disease if it is severe, requires surgical therapy called a gingivectomy. Surgical periodontal procedures lead to a gingival wound that is usually treatedusing a periodontal pack. Periodontal pack has no curative property in general but assists in a wound healing process by protecting tissues. Neutrophils are inflammatory cells that act as a host’s first defense against infectious pathogens and they are important in wound healing. Wound healing can be accelerated by apitoxin gel from honeybee Apis mellifera species. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of apitoxin gel on neutrophil count on gingival woundhealing process. Medical bee venom powder (Umea, Sweden) was mixed with double-distilled water to prepare a concentration of 0.01% bee venom. The solution was mixed with 10% propylene glycol, 0.01% methylparaben, and3% CMC-sodium. Thirty six gingiva of 3 month-old male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 gram) were injured using punch biopsy (3 mm in diameter). They were treated in 4 groups: apitoxin gel, apitoxin gel with a periodontal pack, NSAIDsFlamar® gel with periodontal pack, and a periodontal pack. Three Wistar rats from each group were euthanized and their jaws were taken after 48 hours treatment to make histology slides with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. Neutrophil counts were observed. The data were analyzed using Anova test with 95% confidence level. The results showed there were significan defferebces among 4 groups (p

Latar Belakang: Kandungan polifenol (catechin) dalam daun teh diketahui memiliki efek antimikroba terhadap beberapa bakteri. Derajat fermentasi terhadap daun teh akan mempengaruhi daya antimikrobanya. Pasta gigi dengan kandungan ekstrak daun teh segar 2% (Camellia sinensis) diharapkan memiliki efek antimikroba. Tujuan: pengetahuan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya antimikroba pasta gigi kandungan ekstrak teh segar 2% terhadap bekteri A. actinomycetemcomitans. Metode Penelitian : bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans diperololeh dari laboratorium MikrobiologiFakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Pengenceran pasta gigi dengan kandungan teh 2% diencerkan menjadi 0,875%; 1,75%; 2,5%; 5%; 10%; dan 100% (kontrol positif). Metode difusi dilakukan pada 15 petri dengan cara masing-masing konsentrasi diambil 100 ul lalu diteteskan dalam setiap sumuran pada media BHI agar yang telah mengandung A. Actinomycetemcomitans kemudian petri dieramkan dalam inkubator selama 24 jam pada suhu 37 0 C. Pengukuran diameter zone hambatan disekitar sumuran menggunakan jangka sorong, dibantu dngan mikroskop, selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan AVANA dan LSD. Hasil menunjukkan daya anti bakteri pasta gigi kandungan ekstrak teh 2% terhadap bakteri A. Actinomycetemcomitans dimulai pada konsentrasi 5% dan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p

In fl ammatory cells in fi ltration after eugenol administration in Sprague Dawley rat’s molars. The purpose of this study was to determine effect of eugenol on in fl a m m a t o ry c e l l s i n fi l t r a t i o n (neu t rophils , m a c rophages and lymphocytes) in the in fl amed dental pulp. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats aged 3-4 months and weighed 300-350 g were randomly divided into 2 groups: treated and control groups. Rats were injected with ketamine HCl i.m. (0.1 ml/100 grams BW) before cavity preparation at occlusal surface of the upper molars. Cavity preparation was made using a round bur No.010 to pulp perforation. At the cavity base of treated group, 15 rats were given eugenol and of control group 15 rats were given aquadest, before fi l l e d wi t h t e m p o rary fi ll i n g . T h ree r a t s f rom e a c h g roup were s a c r i fi c e d a t 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 and 14 days after the cavity preparation. Rats were injected with ketamine HCl im (0.1 ml / 100 g BW) on the thigh then tissues were collected for histological process and stained using haematoxylin eosin. The number of in fl a mm a t o ry c e l l s (neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes) was analysed by Two-Way Anova. The result of the study showed number of inflammatory cells in fi l t ra t i o n o f t rea t e d g roup was l o wer t h a n c o n t r o l a n d s h o wed s i g n i fi c a n t d i f f e rences b e t ween groups (p

In office bleaching menggunakan hidrogen peroksida 40% sering memberikan efek samping berupa linu baik selama maupun setelah perawatan tersebut dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu aplikasi dan kandungan fluor desensitizing agent pada metode in office bleaching terhadap kandungan mineral gigi. Delapan gigi masing-masing dipotong menjadi 4 bagian, 6 potong digunakan untuk pemeriksaan XRD awal. Gigi dikeringkan dalam oven suhu 50° selama 30 menit diserbuk, diambil 1 mg untuk diperiksa kandungan mineralnya dengan goniometer. Dua puluh empat potong yang lain dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok I: gigi diaplikasi bahan bleaching 0,5-1 mm hidrogen peroksida 40% selama 1 jam, dicuci, dikeringkan, diikuti aplikasi 0,1 ml desensitizing agent tanpa fluor (CPP-ACP) selama 30 menit, dicuci, dikeringkan. Kelompok II : gigi diaplikasi CPP-ACP 30 menit, dicuci, dikeringkan, dibleaching menggunakan hidrogen peroksida 40% selama 1 jam. Selanjutnya gigi diaplikasi CPP-ACP 30 menit lagi, dicuci, dikeringkan. Kelompok III gigi dibleaching menggunakan hidrogen peroksida 40% selama 1 jam, dicuci, dikeringkan, diikuti aplikasi desensitizing agent yang mengandung fluor (CPP-ACFP) selama 30 menit, dicuci, dikeringkan. Kelompok IV: gigi diaplikasi CPP-ACFP 30 menit, dicuci, dikeringkan, dibleaching menggunakan hidrogen peroksida 40% selama 1 jam. Selanjutnya gigi diaplikasi CPP-ACFP selama 30 menit, dicuci dikeringkan. Sesudah perlakuan, semua gigi dilakukan pemeriksaan kandungan mineral gigi dengan prosedur yang sama. Uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan penurunan mineral paling sedikit terjadi pada kelompok IV (4500). Desensitizing agent mengandung F sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan in office bleaching menunjukkan penurunan mineral paling kecil. The Effectiveness of Desensitizing Agent with and without Fluorine in Office Bleaching Method to Tooth Mineral content. Tooth sensitivity arises during or after an in-office bleaching was performed is usually overcome by using desensitizing agent with or without fluor. So far, desensitizing method applied only reduces tooth sensitivity but it had not overcome demineralization problem yet. This study was aimed to determine the influence of an application process and fluoride containing desensitizing agent in tooth mineral lossEight teeth were divided into four parts. Six specimens were smoothened using agate mortar. One mg of powder was inserted into the sample holder and mounted on goniometer heads to examine mineral content before treatment using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Twenty-four specimens were classified into four groups. In group I, 0,1 ml desensitizing agent without fluoride (CPP-ACP) was applied for 30 minutes after an in-office bleaching using 40% Hydrogen Peroxide was performed, while in group II, CPP-ACP was applied before and after an in-office bleaching was performed. In group III 0,1 ml fluoride containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACFP) was applied for 30 minutes after in-office bleaching using 40% Hydrogen Peroxide was performed, while in group IV fluoride containing desensitizing agent was applied before and after an in-office bleaching was performed. Finally, all of the specimens were measured in their after-treatment mineral contain. Mann Whitney test showed that the lowest mineral lost was detected in group IV (4500). Fluoride containing desensitizing agent applied before and after an in-office bleaching effectively reduced mineral loss.

Kunci regulator terhadap respons inflamasi diketahui melalui aktivasi interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Makrofag merupakan sel fagosit mononuklear berperan dalam sistem imun innate dan adaptif. Sitokin yang disekresikan makrofag sebagai respons terhadap patogen antara lain IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, dan chemokine. Minyak atsiri temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) diduga memiliki efek anti inflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar IL-1β pada makrofag terekspose aggregat bakteri actinomycetemcomitans setelah pemberian minyak atsiri temu putih. Subjek penelitian adalah 10 ekor tikus Wistar jantan yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (perlakuan dan kontrol), masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor. Kelompok perlakuan diberi minum minyak atsiri temu putih dosis 30,6 μl/ml dan kelompok kontrol diberi aquabides selama 14 hari. Gingiva anterior rahang bawah tikus diolesi A.actinomycetemcomitans sebanyak 100 μl dalam CMC 2% pada hari ke-7 setelah pemberian minum bahan uji dan kontrol selama 7 hari. Pada hari ke-15, tikus pada masing-masing kelompok dianestesi lalu makrofag dikoleksi dari cairan peritoneal. Kadar IL-1β makrofag diukur menggunakan ELISA kit (R&D Systems, USA), selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan kadar IL-1β setelah perlakuan. Perbandingan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p < 0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa minyak atsiri temu putih kemungkinan memiliki efek anti inflamasi melalui penurunan kadar IL-1β makrofag.IL-1β level of macrophage exposed to A. actinomycetemomitans decreases after administration Curcuma Zedoaria volatile oil. Activation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key regulator of the inflammatory response. Macrophage is a phagocytic mononuclear cell that plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune response. The cytokine secreted by macrophages in response to pathogen are IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and chemokine. Curcuma zedoaria volatile oil may have anti inflammation effect. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-1β level of macrophage exposed to A. actinomycetemcomitans after administration Curcuma zedoaria volatile oil. The subjects were 10 male Wistar rats, which divided into two groups (treatment and control), each group 5 rats. In the treatment group, 30,6 μl/ml Curcuma zedoaria volatile oil was administered per oral for 14 days and the control group used aquabidest. In the 7th days, 100 μl A. actinomycetemcomitans in CMC 2% were applied on the anterior gingival mandible for 7 days. Rats were anesthetized in the 15th days then macrophage was collected from peritoneal. Interleukin-1β level of macrophage was measured using ELISA kit (R&D Systems, USA). Data were analyzed using t-test. The result showed IL-1β level decreased after treatment. The comparison between treatment and control was significant difference (p

Inflamasi merupakan respon alami tubuh terhadap adanya kerusakan jaringan. Salah satu medikamen untuk mengatasi inflamasi adalah antiinflamasi non steroid (AINS). Penggunaan AINS mempunyai beberapa efek samping dan dalam beberapa hal penggunaan tanaman obat dinilai lebih aman. Rosela merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang mempunyai potensi sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian sistemik ekstrak etanolik rosela terhadap ekspresi COX-2 dan jumlah neutrofil fase inflamasi pada proses penyembuhan luka. Bunga rosela didapatkan dari perkebunan di Dusun Bulusari Desa Pojok Kecamatan Tarokan Kabupaten Kediri Jawa Timur. Pembuatan ekstrak rosela dilakukan di LPPT unit I UGM Yogjakarta dengan cara perkolasi. Tikus putih galur Wistar sebanyak 36 ekor diberi perlukaan dengan punch biopsi ɵ 3 mm pada mukosa bukal. Subjek dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok 12 ekor tikus. Pembagian kelompok terdiri dari kontrol negatif (saline), kontrol positif (ibuprofen 20 mg/kg BB) dan perlakuan (ekstrak rosela 500 mg/kg BB). Pemberian minum sesuai kelompoknya sehari sekali selama 4 hari. Pada hari ke-1, ke-2, ke-3 dan ke-4 tikus dikorbankan lalu jaringan mukosa yang mengalami perlukaan dibuat preparat histologis. Pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE) dilakukan untuk mengamati jumlah neutrofil. Ekspresi COX-2 diamati pada preparat dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia menggunakan rabbit polyclonal antibody COX-2 (Lab Vision, USA). Jumlah neutrofil dan ekspresi COX-2 dihitung di bawah mikroskop cahaya lalu data dianalisi menggunakan ANAVA dan LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi COX-2 dan jumlah neutrofil lebih rendah pada kelompok perlakuan dibanding kontrol. Pengamatan klinis pada hari ke-4 juga tampak luka seluruh subjek telah menutup sempurna setelah pemberian minum rosela. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik rosela mempunyai kemampuan menghambat ekspresi COX-2 dan menurunkan jumlah neutrofil sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan anti-inflamasi. Expression of COX-2 and The Number of Neutrophil in Inflammation stage of Wound Healing Process after Systemic Administration of Ethanolic Extract Rosela. Inflammation is an initial stage of body’s natural response to tissue damage.The use empirically plants often used for traditional medicine because it is easily found in the community and fewer side effects. Flavanoid presence of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is thought to have anti inflammatory effects. This study aimed to know the effect of systemic administration of Roselle ethanolic extract toward COX-2 expression and neutrophils number in the inflammatory phase of wound healing processes. Roselle was obtained from plantations in Bulusari hamlet, Tarokan, Kediri, EastJava. Making roselle extract was performed in LPPT unit 1 UGM Yogyakarta by percolation ways. Wistar rats were given a total of 36 injuries with ɵ 3 mm punch biopsy of the buccal mucosa. Subjects were divided into three groups, each group of 12 rats. The division consists of the negative control group (saline), positive control (ibuprofen 20 mg/kg) and treatment (roselle extract 500 mg/kg). Giving drink suitable group once daily for four days. On day 1, the 2nd, 3rd and fourth rats were sacrificed, and mucosal tissue injury was made histological preparat. Hematoxylin eosin staining (HE) was performed to observe the number of neutrophils. COX-2 expression was found in preparations for immunohistochemical staining using rabbit polyclonal COX-2 antibody (Lab Vision, USA). The number of neutrophils and expression of COX-2 is calculated under a light microscope data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and LSD. The results showed that the expression of COX-2 and neutrophil number were least in the treatment group compared to the control. Clinical observation on day four also appears around the wound has completely closed the subject after administration of roselle drink. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of roselle can inhibit COX-2 expression and decrease the number of neutrophils that can be used as an anti-inflammatory ingredient.

Latar Belakang. Manusia memiliki flora normal yang hidup di dalam tubuhnya. Salah satu flora normal di rongga mulut adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang memiliki kaitan erat dengan insidensi karies. Sekarang banyak beredar produk permen karet di masyarakat yang mengandung gula dan xylitol. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek mengunyah permen karet gula dan xylitol terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans pada plak gigi. Metode penelitian. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 15 orang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok masing-masing 5 orang, yaitu mengunyah permen karet gula, xylitol dan buah ape I sebagai kontrol. Pengambilan plak dilakukan pada hari pertama sebelum diberi perlakuan (pre-tesQ dan hari keempat setelah diberi perlakuan (post-tesQ. Subjek diminta untuk melakukan scalling sebelum pengambilan data pre-test agar skor plak awal semua subjek nol. Subjek mengunyah 1 butir permen karet setelah makan atau 3 kali sehari selama 10 menit. Subjek tidak diperbolehkan makan dan minum selama 1 jam sebelum pengambilan data post-test. Plak ditanam dalam media agar TYCSB (tryptone-yeast-cysteine-sucrose-bacitracin) lalu diinkubasi selama 72 jam pada kondisi anaerob dengan suhu 37°C. Penghitungan jumlah bakteri S. mutans dilakukan secara manual menggunakan counter. Analisis data dengan uji statistik Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah bakteri S. mutans pada plak gigi pada pengunyahan permen karet kandungan gula, sedangkan pengunyahan permen karet kandungan xylitol dapat menurunkan bermakna jumlah bakteri S. mutans. Kesimpulan. Pengunyahan perm en karet xylitol dapat menurunkan jumlah S. mutans pada plak gigi tetapi permen karet gula meningkatkan jumlah S. mutans.

The Effect of topical application pandan extract gel on gingival wound. Post-gingivectomy wound is usually covered by periodontal dressing, which generally contains some chemical compounds to protect the wound. However, it can provide allergic effect on some patients. Pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) contain a number of active substances that have anti-in fl a mm a t o ry , a n t i o x i d a n t a n d a n t i b a c t e rial e f f e c t an d p lay a role i n wound healing. This study aims to determine the effect of topical application of Pandan leaf extract gel on gingival wound healing. Gingivectomy model was carried out on mandibular incisive gingival using the 2.5-mm punch biopsy. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of treatment: negative control (CMC-Na), positive control (Aloclair), and 50% of pandan extract gel. The gels on each group were applied (twice in a day) to the wound area after gingivectomy. The observation of the wound healing process was also carried out on day 1, 3, 7, and 14 by making the histological preparations of gingival wound area. The number of blood vessels was observed using microscope and data was analysed using Two- Way Anova and LSD. The result showed that number of blood vessel increased on day 3 and the peak was on day 7. Anova and LSD test showed several signi fi c a n t d i f f e rences c o m p a rison t h e n u m b e r b l o o d v e s s e l b e t ween t rea t m e n t an d control. In conclusion, topical application Pandan leaves extract gel could accelerate gingival wound healing. ABSTRAK Luka pasca gingivektomi dibalut dengan periodontal dressing yang mengandung senyawa kimia dengan tujuan melindungi luka, namun senyawa kimia periodontal dressing yang ada di pasaran dapat menimbulkan efek alergi terhadap beberapa pasien. Daun pandan wangi ( Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. ) mengandung zat aktif yang memiliki anti inflamasi, antioksidan, dan antibakteri kemungkinan berperan dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran gel ekstrak daun pandan wangi dalam proses penyembuhan luka pasca gingivektomi pada tikus wistar melalui pengamatan jumlah pembuluh darah. Model gingivektomi dilakukan pada gingiva incisivus mandibula dengan menggunakan punch biopsy diameter 2,5 mm. Tiga puluh enam tikus dibagi secara acak ke dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol negatif (Gel CMC-Na), kontrol positif (Aloclair), dan gel ekstrak pandan wangi 50%. Gel uji pada masing- masing kelompok diaplikasikan pada area luka pasca gingivektomi dua kali sehari. Pengamatan proses penyembuhan luka dilakukan pada hari ke 1, 3, 7, dan 14 dengan membuat preparat histologi gingiva area luka. Parameter penyembuhan luka yang diamati adalah jumlah pembuluh darah. Data jumlah pembuluh darah dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik parametrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah pembuluh darah mengalami peningkatan mulai hari ke-3 dan mencapai puncaknya pada hari ke-7. Hasil uji two way Anova menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna rerata jumlah pembuluh darah antar kelompok perlakuan dengan kontrol positif maupun negatif (p

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) merupakan bakteri Gram-negatif yang dikaitkan dengan penyakit periodontal. Ekspresi positif CD4 + tampak pada keadaan gingivitis (inflamasi gingiva) maupun periodontitis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek minyak atsiri temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) terhadap ekspresi CD4 + pada gingiva terpapar A.actinomycetemcomitans. Penelitian dilakukan pada tikus Wistar jantan umur 3 bulan yang diberi paparan bakteri A.actinomycetemcomitans pada gingiva anterior mandibula. Kelompok perlakuan sebanyak 5 ekor tikus diberikan minum minyak atsiri temu putih dosis 30,6μl/ml selama 14 hari dan kontrol diberikan aquades. Bakteri diaplikasikan sebanyak 100 μl hari ke-7 sampai ke-14 lalu hari ke-15 dilakukan pengorbanan tikus teranestesi. Gingiva anterior mandibula tikus diambil untuk pembuatan preparat histologis selanjutnya dilakukan pewarnaan Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) dan imunohistokimia. Antibodi CD4 + (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) digunakan pada pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Pengamatan preparat histologis menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekspresi CD4 + positif kuat di lamina propria dan stratum basale pada kelompok kontrol sedangkan ekspresi positif lemah di area lamina propria tampak pada kelompok perlakuan. Disimpulkan bahwa induksi minyak atsiri temu putih dapat menurunkan inflamasi gingiva ditandai dengan penurunan ekspresi CD4 + . Reducing CD4 + Expression at Gingiva Exposed A.Actinomycetemcomitans using Curcuma Zedoaria Rosc., Zingiberaceae. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) is a gram-negative bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Positive expression of CD4 + is shown in gingivitis and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of curcuma zedoaria Rosc., volatile oil against CD4 + expression on gingiva exposed A. actinomycetemcomitans. The study was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 3 months that were exposed bacteria A. Actinomycetemcomitans. Treatment group as many as 5 rats were administered orally with curcuma zedoaria Rosc. volatile oil at dose of 30.6 μl/ml for 14 days and distilled water in control. A 100 μl bacteria were applied on the 7 th to 14 th day on the gingiva anterior mandibular. At the 15 th day, rat was anesthetized then sacrificed. The mandibular gingiva anterior of the rat was taken as histological preparations for HE and immuno-histo chemical staining. CD4 + antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) was used for immune staining. Histological preparations were observed under a light microscope.The results showed a strong positive CD4 + expression in the lamina propria and stratum basale of control group while a weak positive expression in lamina propria area of treatment group. From the experiment, it is concluded that the induction of curcuma zedoaria Rosc. volatile oil may reduce gingivitis, indicated by the decrease in CD4 + expression.