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Cobalt(II)-tartrate hydrate coordination polymer is successfully crystallisedfrom aqueous solution at room temperature. Unlike previous methods, diammonium tartrate was used and reacted directly with an aqueous solution of cobalt(II). Single crystal X-ray and ATR-IR analyses were performed toward the synthesized crystal. The crystal structure displaysa (6,3) 2D sheet which then grow into a 3D hydrogen-bonded network. Tetra- and hexa-dentate dianionic tartaric ligands are observed in the crystal structure, in which the hexadentate ligand connects four different cobalt centres. This method is considered feasible, affordable, and simple for the production of functional polymeric cobalt(II)- tartrate hydrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystal growth of cobalt (II) oxalate in silica gel at room temperature as precursor of Co3O4 nano particles has been studied. Specifically, this project is focusing on the use of two different reaction tube types toward crystallization of cobalt (II) oxalate in gel. The gel was prepared at pH 5 by reacting sodium metasilicate solution with dilute nitric acid (for U-tube) and oxalic acid (for straight tube), with gelling time of 4 days and crystal growth time of 8 (for straight tube) and 12 (for U-tube) weeks. Result shows that pink crystalline powder was directly formed using straight tube method. The use of different solvents in straight tube method affects crystallization and could delay direct precipitation of the product. In contrast, bigger and better shape of red block crystal was yielded from U-tube method; however, longer growth time was needed. FTIR studies suggest that both growth method produces identical compound of hydrated cobalt (II) oxalate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate (CSH) with uniform morphology and high crystallinity were successfully prepared by a precipitation-hydrolysis method in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution containing fishbone-derived carbon. The CSH was produced by carbonization of fishbone powder at 500 °C for 2 h, followed by sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid for 3 h. The solid mixture was washed until the pH of 2, then left at room temperature for 3 days. Physical properties of synthesized CSH were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, and melting point test. It is concluded that the CSH were formed due to hydrolysis of fishbone-derived carbon in a moderately concentrated sulfuric acid solution of carbonderived fishbone and crystallization into a fibrous octa calcium phosphate (OCP) form. In this research, effect of crystal growth time, effect of pH during the crystal growth, and effect of volume of the solution were also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper report the synthesis and characterization of fluorite single crystal prepared from gypsum waste of phosphoric acid production in silica gel. Instead of its high calcium, gypsum was used to recycle the waste which was massively produces in the phosphoric acid production. The gypsum waste, the raw material of CaCl2 supernatant, was dissolved in concentrated HCl and then precipitated as calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) by addition of ammonium oxalate. The CaCl2 was obtained by dissolving the CaC2O4 with HCl 3M. The crystals were grown at room temperature in silica gel and characterized by AAS, FTIR and powder XRD. The optimum crystal growth condition, which is pH of gel, CaCl2 concentration and growth time, were investigated. The result shows that at optimum condition of pH 5.80, CaCl2 concentrations of 1.2 M, and growth time of 144 hours, colorless crystals with the longest size of 3 mm, were obtained (72.57%). Characterization of the synthesized crystal by AAS indicates that the obtained crystal has high purity. Meanwhile, analysis by FTIR spectra shows a Ca-F peak at 775 cm-1, and powder-XRD analysis confirms that the obtained crystal was fluorite (CaF2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]