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Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2022-09-30T11:18:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2020 - Carlos Henrique Avelino Veiga.pdf: 3683923 bytes, checksum: 500acb0d49cde160e384d44302c08a2e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-30T11:18:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2020 - Carlos Henrique Avelino Veiga.pdf: 3683923 bytes, checksum: 500acb0d49cde160e384d44302c08a2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-08-25 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior The militarization of public schools has become an alternative in public policy for the educational area in several Brazilian states. In this process, partnerships are established between the education departments and, mainly, the military police, although there is a significant portion of partnerships with the Military Fire Brigade and the Armed Forces. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in demand and transfer of the management of public education units to military institutions. In 2015, the schools included in this program totaled 94 teaching units; in 2018 there were 184 schools, and at the beginning of the 2020 school year, the number increased to 254 schools. There is also an estimate that other public education units in the Brazilian states will be incorporated into the program by the end of the 2020 school year. In Rio de Janeiro, there are plans to militarize another 30 public schools. In addition, the National Civic-Military Schools Program proposes the militarization of 216 public schools, by 2023. This process occurs in a context marked by the reform of the State resulting from the bourgeois recomposition in the face of the organic crisis of capital. In this investigative proposal, we took as an object of analysis the different institutional arrangements used to make the management of public educational establishments by military corporations in the country feasible, starting in the 1990s. shared management of public schools with military corporations in the country. For this, four investigative fronts were activated: 1) mapping the occurrence of the phenomenon at the national level; 2) characterization of the dynamics of militarization of public schools in the country; 3) indication of the main impacts of the militarization of public schools on the management of public education systems; 4) examining the management models established with military corporations, in order to explain different types of strategic planning developed by the governments of states in the federation that adhered to this management model. We took the universe of 254 militarized public schools in the country as an empirical reference until the beginning of the 2020 school year. This is a basic research, qualitative analysis, with an explanatory approach, which falls within the category of documentary research, although it is survey amount made through questionnaires applied to militarized school managers. The collected results showed that: 1) the literature on the subject is scarce; 2) there are several models of partnerships for the insertion of military personnel in public schools; 3) the shared management of public schools with military institutions has increased in recent years; 4) the military pedagogy adopted in these schools is based on strict regulations and standards; 5) violence taken as a motivation for militarization of the school is not supported by statistics; 6) quality in militarized schools is associated with investment in adequate structure and other factors and not with military pedagogy itself; 7) established partnerships are aligned with the managerial discourse for educational reforms. The analysis led us to the conclusion that the managerial reform of the State, facing the perspective of maintaining bourgeois hegemony, has enabled the implementation of public-public and public-private partnerships based on the militarization of public schools as a strategy of social control over most vulnerable populations in society through the use of coercion, to the detriment of mediation and convincing. For this, military pedagogy is used as a strategy and find in the most impoverished segments of the working class the fertile environment for building consensus around the idea that military pedagogy is an alternative to guarantee access to quality education A militariza??o das escolas p?blicas tem se configurado alternativa na pol?tica p?blica para a ?rea educacional em diversos estados brasileiros. Nesse processo, s?o efetivadas parcerias entre as secretarias de educa??o e, principalmente, a pol?cia militar, embora exista uma parcela significativa de parcerias com o Corpo de Bombeiro Militar e com as For?as Armadas. Nos ?ltimos anos, houve significativa eleva??o na demanda e repasse da gest?o de unidades de ensino p?blico para institui??es militares. Em 2015, as escolas inseridas nesse programa totalizavam 94 unidades de ensino; em 2018 havia 184 escolas e, no in?cio do ano letivo de 2020, o n?mero aumentou para 254 escolas. Existe, ainda, estimativa de que outras unidades de ensino p?blico nos estados brasileiros sejam incorporadas ao programa at? o t?rmino do ano letivo de 2020. No Rio de Janeiro, existe a previs?o de que sejam militarizadas mais 30 escolas p?blicas. Al?m disso, o Programa Nacional das Escolas C?vico-Militares prop?e a militariza??o de 216 escolas p?blicas, at? 2023. Esse processo ocorre em uma conjuntura marcada pela reforma do Estado decorrente da recomposi??o burguesa frente ? crise org?nica do capital. Nesta proposta investigativa, tomamos como objeto de an?lise os diferentes arranjos institucionais acionados para viabilizar a gest?o de estabelecimentos p?blicos de ensino por corpora??es militares no pa?s, a partir dos anos 1990. Nosso objetivo ? explicar a rela??o entre reforma administrativa do Estado e a propaga??o da gest?o compartilhada de escolas p?blicas com as corpora??es militares no pa?s. Para isto, foram acionadas quatro frentes investigativas: 1) mapeamento da ocorr?ncia do fen?meno em ?mbito nacional; 2) caracteriza??o da din?mica da militariza??o de escolas p?blicas no pa?s; 3) indica??o dos principais impactos da militariza??o de escolas p?blicas na gest?o de sistemas p?blicos de ensino; 4) exame dos modelos de gest?o estabelecidos com corpora??es militares, de modo a explicitar diferentes tipos de planejamento estrat?gico elaborados pelos governos de estados da federa??o que aderiram a esse modelo de gest?o. Tomamos como refer?ncia emp?rica o universo 254 escolas p?blicas militarizadas no pa?s at? o in?cio do ano letivo de 2020. Trata-se de uma pesquisa b?sica, de an?lise qualitativa, de abordagem explicativa, que se insere na categoria de pesquisa de tipo documental, embora se valha de levantamento feito por meio de question?rios aplicados a gestores de escolas militarizadas. Os resultados coletados evidenciaram que: 1) a literatura sobre o tema ? escassa; 2) existem v?rios modelos de parcerias para inser??o de militares na escola p?blica; 3) a gest?o compartilhada de escolas p?blicas com institui??es militares tem aumentado nos ?ltimos anos; 4) a pedagogia militar adotada nessas escolas ? pautada no rigor de regulamentos e normas; 5) a viol?ncia tomada como motiva??o para militariza??o da escola n?o encontra respaldo nas estat?sticas; 6) a qualidade nas escolas militarizadas est? associada ? investimento em estrutura adequada e outros fatores e n?o ? pedagogia militar em si; 7) as parcerias estabelecidas est?o alinhadas ao discurso gerencialista para reformas educacionais. A an?lise nos levou ? conclus?o de que a reforma gerencial do Estado, diante da perspectiva da manuten??o da hegemonia burguesa, tem possibilitado a implementa??o de parcerias p?blico-p?blico e p?blico-privadas a partir da militariza??o das escolas p?blicas como estrat?gia de controle social sobre as popula??es mais vulner?veis da sociedade por meio do uso da coer??o, em detrimento da media??o e do convencimento. Para isso, utiliza-se da pedagogia militar como estrat?gia e encontram nos segmentos mais pauperizados da classe trabalhadora o ambiente f?rtil para a constru??o do consenso em torno da ideia de que a pedagogia militar ? uma alternativa de garantia do acesso ao ensino de qualidade more...

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2022-02-14T20:08:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Rafael Hydalgo Passeri Lima.pdf: 1458824 bytes, checksum: 55fc812f9e51aba5c140ad53a88947be (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-14T20:08:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Rafael Hydalgo Passeri Lima.pdf: 1458824 bytes, checksum: 55fc812f9e51aba5c140ad53a88947be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-03-21 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior Red rice is a special type of rice in which the grains have the reddish-colored pericarp that occurs due to the presence of a dominant character that is controlled by the Rd gene on chromosome 1 and Rc on chromosome 7 when these genes are present together Rc_Rd_) there is red grain production. Red rice has greater added value and, consequently, greater market value when compared to white rice, mainly due to its functional characteristics, such as high antioxidant content. A red rice cultivar capable of presenting great productivity, together with the high market value of this product, suggests that this crop may appear as an alternative production for producers who do not have large areas and who need to add value to their production, seeking to increase their productivity income. Research on the cultivation of red rice is still scarce, there is a need to expand the study of the adaptability and stability of the existing red rice strains in order to launch new cultivars, in order to make possible the recommendation of this cultivation for different regions and different production systems. The objective of this study was to morphologically describe two cultivars of red rice and to evaluate their respective agronomic behaviors, comparing them to two cultivars of white rice, in three locations and two consecutive years, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The experiments were carried out during the agricultural years of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 in the municipalities of Campos dos Goytacazes, Serop?dica and Pinheiral, and were conducted in a rainfed system, with supplementary irrigation, and under organic production management. The morphological characteristics were evaluated: flag feaf angle, leaf color, stem length, presence of edges, panicle length, apiculus color, glumelle color, grain length and grain shape; and the following agronomic characteristics: viable panicles per square meter, panicle spikelets, spikelet fertility, 100 spikelet weight, yield, stem length, panicle length, plant height, cultural cycle and mean flowering; in addition, the classification of the grain and the milling yield and whole grains were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were registered cultivars of white rice, BRS Esmeralda and IAC 201 and the traditional cultivars of red rice, ENA-AR1601 and Virginia. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, individual for each location and year, the means were compared by the Tukey test (p more...

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-21T17:45:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Ranilson Alves dos Santos.pdf: 2024878 bytes, checksum: f84c4e1dc2d0a70f5871deeaf153b6a5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-21T17:45:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Ranilson Alves dos Santos.pdf: 2024878 bytes, checksum: f84c4e1dc2d0a70f5871deeaf153b6a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-04 Concei??o do Araguaia is a city in the southern region of Par?, located on the banks of the Araguaia River, and has a large number of Settlement Projects (PA's) throughout its municipal area. The origin of these settlements occurred in 1997 when the former Bradesco Farm was occupied, being transformed into the largest Settlement Project in the municipality, named Father Josimo Tavares, with 1,147 settled families. In 2008 a Campus of the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Par? (IFPA) was created in Concei??o do Araguaia, to offer technical and superior courses, among them the Technical Course in Agriculture and the Higher Course of Agronomy, aiming at A large number of rural properties situated in and out of settlement areas. As the IFPA should strengthen local productive arrangements through the articulation between teaching, research and extension, the motivation to carry out this research, whose general objective was to characterize the existing rural properties in PAs located in the municipality of Concei??o do Araguaia, with The direct participation of the students of the Agrarian Courses, describing their activities of production management, to understand the reasons that supposedly would lead their owners to the reduced use of management techniques. Another important objective was to promote the direct participation of the students, having provided them with the experience of a real case, which allowed to evaluate their perceptions regarding the experience of the practical application of subjects addressed in the classroom. In addition to the students were also part of this research, some farmers considered familiar located within the PA's. The results indicated that rural properties have a considerable productive potential, but lack of extension information and training capabilities. The articulation between teaching, research and extension had important impacts for students in their professional training, because these practical activities such as those experienced in the research allowed them to validate what was exposed to them in the theory in the classroom. Regarding the low utilization of student and producer management techniques, considering that most of the students are also farmers, it can be concluded that the use of these practices in rural property is important, but they clarify that until the moment of the research Had been contemplated, with no type of training regarding the management of the rural business, clearly demonstrating their interest in the subject. The research signaled the importance of encouraging students to validate content from the classroom, in practical research and extension activities. The results obtained here may contribute as parameters in the education of our students so that their training is appropriate to the environment where they will develop their professional activities. Concei??o do Araguaia ? uma cidade da regi?o Sul do Par?, situada ?s margens do Rio Araguaia, possuindo em toda sua extens?o municipal um grande n?mero de Projetos de Assentamentos (PA?s). A origem desses assentamentos se deu em 1997 quando ocorreu a ocupa??o da antiga Fazenda Bradesco, sendo transformada no maior Projeto de Assentamento do munic?pio, chamado Padre Josimo Tavares, com 1.147 fam?lias assentadas. Em 2008 foi criado em Concei??o do Araguaia um Campus do Instituto Federal de Educa??o Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Par? (IFPA), para a oferta de cursos t?cnicos e superiores, dentre eles o Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria e o Curso Superior de Agronomia, tendo em vista um grande n?mero de propriedades rurais situadas dentro e fora de ?reas de assentamento. Como o IFPA deve fortalecer os arranjos produtivos locais atrav?s da articula??o entre o ensino, pesquisa e extens?o, surgiu a motiva??o para a realiza??o desta pesquisa, que teve como objetivo geral caracterizar as propriedades rurais existentes em PA?s localizados no munic?pio de Concei??o do Araguaia, com a participa??o direta dos alunos dos Cursos de Agr?rias, descrevendo suas atividades de gerenciamento da produ??o, para compreender as raz?es que supostamente levariam seus propriet?rios ? utiliza??o reduzida de t?cnicas de gest?o. Outro objetivo tamb?m importante foi promover a participa??o direta dos alunos, tendo proporcionado aos mesmos a viv?ncia de um caso real, que permitiu assim avaliar suas percep??es com rela??o a experi?ncia da aplica??o pr?tica de assuntos abordados em sala de aula. Al?m dos alunos tamb?m fizeram parte desta pesquisa, alguns agricultores considerados familiares situados dentro dos PA?s. Os resultados indicaram que as propriedades rurais tem um potencial produtivo consider?vel, por?m falta, nas a??es de extens?o, informa??es e capacita??es de car?ter gerencial. A articula??o entre ensino, pesquisa e extens?o tiveram impactos importantes para os alunos na sua forma??o profissional, pois estas atividades pr?ticas como as vivenciadas na pesquisa, lhes permitiram validar o que lhes foi exposto na teoria em sala de aula. Com rela??o a baixa utiliza??o das t?cnicas de gest?o dos alunos e dos produtores, considerando que a maioria dos alunos tamb?m s?o agricultores, pode-se concluir que a utiliza??o dessas pr?ticas na propriedade rural ? importante, por?m esclarecem que at? o momento da pesquisa ainda n?o tinham sido contemplados, com nenhum tipo de capacita??o referente ? gest?o do neg?cio rural, demonstrando claramente o interesse dos mesmos pelo assunto. A pesquisa sinalizou a import?ncia de se estimular os alunos a validarem os conte?dos oriundos da sala de aula, em atividades pr?ticas de pesquisa e extens?o. Os resultados aqui obtidos poder?o contribuir como par?metros na educa??o dos nossos alunos para que a sua forma??o esteja adequada ao ambiente onde ir?o desenvolver suas atividades profissionais. more...

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2019-12-10T16:54:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Rafaela Andrade Dias.pdf: 2091214 bytes, checksum: 2725721fb95c692c8a1ccbd2a94be0fc (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-10T16:54:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Rafaela Andrade Dias.pdf: 2091214 bytes, checksum: 2725721fb95c692c8a1ccbd2a94be0fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-22 CAPES Two experiments were conducted at the UFRRJ - Campos dos Goytacazes, whose aim is to evaluate new methodologie to early differentiation of sugarcane cultivars tolerance subjected to treatment with herbicides. Two experiments were installed, one in vitro culture system on stage multiplication and another on ex vitro, while acclimatization micropropagated plants phase. The variables to experiment in vitro evaluated were number of tillers, symptoms of phytotoxicity and dry weight. The experiment ex vitro evaluated was number of tillers, symptoms of phytotoxicity and height. The followind sugarcane cultivars were used RB951541, RB966928, RB98710, RB969017, RB979088 and SP79-1011. The herbicides used were clomazone, MSMA, diuron, diuron+hexazinona and 2,4-D with three different doses and a further control plant without application. The experimental design was full randomized with ten repetitions. In the in vitro experiment there were used, the cultivars RB951541, RB966928 and SP79-1011 and the herbicides clomazone, MSMA, diuron, the results showed that there were a significant difference in the tolerace to herbicides between the cultivars and the RB951541 was the most sensible. To evaluate the tolerance of sugarcane cultivars to the herbicides clomazone and diuron in in vitro culture, the lowest doses of 1,0kg a.i./ha and 2,4 kg a.i./ha allowed the distinction to the notes of fitotoxicity syntoms and dry matter weight characteristics. The results showed the possibility of the application of this methodology to to early detect the tolerance of sugarcane cultivars to herbicides, being the notes of fitotoxicity syntoms and dry matter weight characteristics the ones with better results. The second experiment evaluated all mentioned cultivars, on the acclimatization plants phase, at 50 days after transplant to pots. The evaluations of this experiment resulted in the indication of 21 DAT and the dose 1 of the herbicides as the most indicated parameters to differenciate the cultivars. The proposed methodology, in the used doses, was not efficient to select sugarcane cultivars to the tolerance to diuron and diuron + hexazinona, because these products caused the death of all plants, in all the doses. The cultivar RB951541 was the most sensible to the herbicides, in all the characteristics evaluated and in both experiments, showing that the methodologies used detected the same sensibility. The same happened in the distinction of the tolerant cultivars, with the cultivars RB966928 and SP79-1011 beeing the most tolerants. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na UFRRJ - Campus Campos dos Goytacazes, com o objetivo de avaliar nova metodologia para a diferencia??o precoce da toler?ncia de variedades de cana-de-a??car submetidas ao tratamento com herbicidas. Foram instalados dois experimentos, um no sistema de cultura in vitro no est?gio de multiplica??o de plantulas e outro ex vitro, na fase de aclimata??o das plantas micropropagadas. Foram analisadas para o experimento in vitro as caracter?sticas n?mero de perfilhos, notas dos sintomas de fitotoxicidade e peso de mat?ria seca e para o experimento ex vitro foram analisadas as caracter?sticas altura, n?mero de perfilhos e notas dos sintomas de fitotoxicidade. Foram utilizadas as seguintes variedades/clones RB98710, RB969017, RB979088, RB951541, RB966928 e SP79-1011. Os herbicidas utilizados foram clomazone, MSMA, diuron, diuron+hexazinona e 2,4-D em tr?s doses distintas mais uma testemunha. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 10 repeti??es, em ambos os experimentos. No experimento in vitro onde foram utilizadas as variedades RB951541, RB966928 e SP79-1011 e os herbicidas clomazone, MSMA, diuron, os resultados mostraram que houve diferen?a significativa toler?ncia a herbicidas entre as variedades, sendo a RB951541 a mais sens?vel. Para a avalia??o da toler?ncia de variedades de cana-de-a??car em cultivo in vitro aos herbicidas clomazone e diuron, as menores doses utilizadas 1,0 kg i.a./ha e 2,4 kg i.a./ha respectivamente permitiram a distin??o para as caracter?sticas notas de sintomas de fitotoxicidade, n?mero de perfilhos e peso da mat?ria seca. Quanto ao herbicida MSMA essa distin??o de doses s? foi poss?vel ser observada na caracter?stica notas dos sintomas de fitotoxicidade e peso de mat?ria seca. Os resultados mostraram a possibilidade da aplica??o dessa metodologia para a avalia??o precoce da toler?ncia de variedades de cana-de-a??car aos herbicidas, sendo as caracter?sticas peso da mat?ria seca e notas dos sintomas de fitotoxicidade as avalia??es de melhor efici?ncia. O segundo experimento avaliou todas as cultivares citadas, com o tratamento executado, na fase de aclimata??o das mudas aos 50 dias ap?s o transplante para os vasos. As avalia??es do experimento com plantas micropropagadas submetidas a doses de herbicidas na fase de aclimata??o, resultaram na indica??o de 21 dias ap?s a aplica??o dos tratamentos (DAT) e da dose 1 dos herbicidas como o mais indicado para a diferencia??o das variedades/clones. A metodologia proposta nas doses utilizadas n?o se mostrou eficiente para a sele??o de variedades/clones de cana-de-a??car quanto ? toler?ncia aos herbicidas diuron e hexazinona + diuron, pois esses herbicidas causaram a morte das plantas em todas as doses. A variedade RB951541 diferiu das demais variedades nos experimentos, tanto com plantas in vitro, quanto com as plantas na fase de aclimata??o, sendo a mais sens?vel sobre todos os aspectos e em todos os tratamentos, mostrando que as metodologias detectaram a mesma sensibilidade dessa variedade. O mesmo ocorreu na distin??o das variedades tolerantes, apesar do experimento ex vitro ter mais variedades e herbicidas, o herbicida clomazone, que apresentou resultados conclusivos em ambos os experimentos, indicou que as variedades RB966928 e SP79-1011 seguindo as particularidades de cada experimento, destacaram-se tolerantes em ambos. more...

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2020-01-22T14:52:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Nat?lia Arruda Sanglard.pdf: 582176 bytes, checksum: d9ea69b6bbceb3f710883d6b59aa15cd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-22T14:52:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Nat?lia Arruda Sanglard.pdf: 582176 bytes, checksum: d9ea69b6bbceb3f710883d6b59aa15cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 Reestrutura??o e Expans?o das Universidades Federais (REUNI, Brasil) The sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is among the most economically important species in the world, constituting a major source of production of sugar and ethanol. It has high biomass production and wide phenotypic variability for the attributes of interest. The economic and technological aspects of the cultivation and crop need to be improved in order to attend the needs of the sugar-energetic sector. Among them, the genetic breeding of the crop for yield of sucrose and fiber quality has required significant effort. An important development regarding its genome has arisen with the use of molecular markers, especially those linked to genes of interest, such as ESTs- SSRs. The analysis of ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) is a strategy that addresses the expressed portion of the genome, ideal for polymorphism studies of transcribed regions of complex genomes highly redundant, as the sugarcane. The aim of the this study was to develop molecular markers multi-allelic functional, robust and discriminatory heterotic groups with phenotypes related to plant structure, sucrose and fiber production, economic characteristics important for integration into breeding programs of sugarcane. The population genotyping was performed with eight EST-SSRs primer combinations, selected from the database of ESTs and applied to the 81 progenies in the first selection phase (T1) derived of biparental crosses with contrasting genitors for the characteristic fiber and sucrose. Initially, primers were applied to contrasting genotypes in 4 phenotypic classes with 12 genotypes in each, characterized for the high and low sugar and fiber contents. After linkage analysis showed that some amplicons dos primers 1.4 ?MEH, DPB, and CytB5 PKL showed the best values of Z-score, indicating high connection with the corresponding phenotype. These primers were applied on the population of 81 progenies T1.Verified that on average 12.5 amplicons were amplified for each gene, number greater than the basic genome from plant, evidencing the gene duplication. The molecular markers 1,4?MEH minor 600 pb they are discrimint for characteristics sucrose low production and higt level of fibers.The Polymorphism Information Content was between 0.51 and 0.66. Genotypic analysis structured six groups whose genotypes were organized according to the phenotype displayed in four distinct groups and the other two groups were composed of genotypes phenotypic values intermediates. The genetic divergence between heterotic groups according to multivariate analysis was ~0.15. This study showed that the phenotypic character can be more efficiently controlled by some specific amplicons that the total set, and the contribution of these alleles coding for a higher or lower phenotypic expression. A cana-de-a??car (Saccharum spp.) est? entre as esp?cies de maior import?ncia econ?mica no mundo, constituindo uma das principais fontes de produ??o de a??car e etanol. Apresenta elevada produ??o de biomassa e ampla variabilidade fenot?pica para os atributos de interesse. Aspectos econ?micos e tecnol?gicos do cultivo e da cultura precisam ser melhorados visando atender as necessidades do setor sucroenerg?tico. Dentre estes, o melhoramento gen?tico da cultura para a produtividade de sacarose e a qualidade de fibras tem demandado significativo esfor?o. Um importante avan?o a respeito do seu genoma tem surgido com o emprego de marcadores moleculares, especialmente aqueles ligados aos genes de interesse, a exemplo ESTs-SSRs. A an?lise de ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) ? uma estrat?gia que aborda a por??o expressa do genoma, ideal para a an?lise do polimorfismo das regi?es transcritas de genomas complexos altamente redundantes, como o da cana-de-a??car. O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver marcadores moleculares ESTs-SSRs discriminante de m?ltiplos segmentos de DNA, robustos e capazes de classificar grupos genot?picos correlacionados com os fen?tipos de produ??o de sacarose e fibras, caracter?sticas econ?micas importantes para a integra??o nos programas de melhoramento da cana-de-a??car. A genotipagem da popula??o foi realizada com oito combina??es de primers ESTs-SSRs, selecionados a partir do banco de ESTs e aplicadas aos 81 prog?nies em fase T1 resultantes de um cruzamento biparental com genitores contrastantes para a caracter?stica de fibras e sacarose. Inicialmente, os primers foram aplicados aos gen?tipos contrastantes em quatro classes fenot?picas com 12 gen?tipos em cada, caracterizados para o elevado e baixo teor de a??cares e fibras. Depois da an?lise de liga??o gen?tica, evidenciou-se que os amplicons provenientes do conjunto de primers 1,4?MEH, DPB, CytB5 e PKL apresentaram os melhores valores de escore Z, indicando a estreita liga??o com o fen?tipo correspondente. Estes primers foram aplicados na popula??o de 81 prog?nies T1. Verificou-se que em m?dia 12,5 amplicons foram amplificados a cada gene, n?mero maior que o valor b?sico de genomas, evidenciando a duplica??o g?nica. Os marcadores 1,4?MEH de tamanho inferirores a 600 pb discriminaram as caracter?sticas de baixa produ??o de sacarose e elevados teores de fibras. O conte?do de informa??o do polimorfismo situou-se entre 0,51 e 0,66 e a an?lise genot?pica estruturou seis agrupamentos cujos gen?tipos organizaram-se segundo o fen?tipo apresentado em quatro grupos distintos e os outros dois grupos foram compostos por gen?tipos de valores fenot?picos intermedi?rios. A diverg?ncia gen?tica entre grupos genot?picos segundo a an?lise de multivariada foi de ~0,15. O presente estudo mostrou que o car?ter fenot?pico pode ser mais eficientemente controlado por determinados amplicons espec?ficos de que pelo conjunto total de amplicons e que a contribui??o da combina??o destes marcadores genot?picos codifica para uma maior ou menor express?o fenot?pica. more...

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-05-20T00:23:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Karolynne da Costa Pinho.pdf: 3100562 bytes, checksum: 177fb4c1cd96b6e5256b8392c54f0824 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-20T00:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Karolynne da Costa Pinho.pdf: 3100562 bytes, checksum: 177fb4c1cd96b6e5256b8392c54f0824 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. The use of alternative and reliable techniques that allow the sterilization of culture media along with the adequate development of the explants is important to attend the demands for large production of micropropagated plants in commercial laboratories, in an economically viable means. Aiming to replace the conventional method of sterilization by autoclaving for chemical sterilization of culture media, glassware and utensils, we tested products and methodologies to enable a potential chemical sterilization protocol that allows large-scale production of micropropagated seedlings of sugarcane, derived from culture of the shoot apex, with reduced production costs. Chemical sterilization techniques consisted of MS medium prepared with clor?in?, sodium and calcium hypochlorites (NaClO and Ca(ClO)2), at the following concentrations of total active chlorine (a.c.): 0.0003, 0.0006 and 0.0009%. The experiments also counted with two controls - autoclave and none sterilization. Ten replicates were used (bottles) per treatment, containing 40 mL of culture medium of their treatment, in which the explants were cultured. The cultivar RB99395 in its 4th subculture, was used to test hypochlorites, whereas ?RB952890? (in its 3rd subculture) was used to test clor?in? Prior to performing any work, all the laboratory area was sterilized with NaClO 2%. Contamination was monitored throughout the 20-day duration of each experiment, and after that time, the following data were taken from repetitions that were not contaminated: height, tillering number, fresh biomass and dry biomass. For sterilization with hypochlorite, from the contaminated treatments (without sterilization, 0.0003, 0.0006 and 0.0009% Ca(ClO)2) the predominance of fungal contaminants. In the same experiment, sodium hypochlorite has the potential to enable a new protocol of chemical sterilization of in vitro cultivation of sugar cane RB99395, from the 0.0003% total a. c., since the explants inoculated these treatments had higher development compared to the control autoclaved. When tested clor?in?, all contamination were observed of fungal origin, and only the control showed total contamination without sterilization. After the analysis of development of explants obtained through this methodology of sterilization, we can suggest the use of this product as an alternative to contamination control of in vitro cultivation of sugar cane RB952890 since had the same level of control autoclaved. However, there was a low development of plants inoculated in MS medium sterilized with this product, at the three concentrations of total a. c. total, suggesting the possibility of a phytotoxic effect of a component of the product. Although the products show potential for the development of new sterilization protocols, there is still the need to perform further tests, not just for adjusting the methodologies as well as to provide greater support for the development of experimental a new - definitive - sterilization protocol, by replacing the addition of chemicals to the nutrient medium, thus lessening the final costs of the cane sugar vitroplants in commercial laboratories produced by techniques of in vitro tissue culture. A utiliza??o de t?cnicas alternativas que possibilitem a esteriliza??o dos meios de cultivo, aliada ao bom desenvolvimento dos explantes, ? de fundamental import?ncia para garantir a elevada produ??o de plantas micropropagadas em laborat?rios comerciais, de forma economicamente vi?vel. Objetivando substituir o m?todo de esteriliza??o por autoclavagem pela esteriliza??o qu?mica de meios de cultura, de vidrarias e de utens?lios, testaram-se produtos e metodologias potenciais para viabilizar um protocolo de esteriliza??o qu?mica que permita a produ??o em larga escala de mudas micropropagadas de cana-de-a??car, oriundas de cultura de ?pices caulinares, com reduzido custo de produ??o. As t?cnicas de esteriliza??o qu?mica consistiram em preparar meio MS esterilizados com clor?in?, hipocloritos de s?dio (NaClO) e de c?lcio (Ca(ClO)2), ?s seguintes concentra??es: 0,0003, 0,0006 e 0,0009% de cloro ativo total. Os experimentos contaram ainda com dois controles ? autoclave e sem esteriliza??o. Foram utilizadas dez repeti??es (frascos) por tratamento, contendo 40mL de meio de cultura do respectivo tratamento, onde os explantes foram inoculados. Para testar os hipocloritos, utilizou-se a cultivar RB99395, em seu 4? subcultivo; j? para o clor?in?, utilizouse a RB952890 (3? subcultivo). Anteriormente ? realiza??o de qualquer trabalho, toda a ?rea do laborat?rio foi higienizada com NaClO a 2%. A contamina??o foi monitorada ao longo dos 20 dias de dura??o de cada experimento, e passado esse tempo, foram tomados os seguintes dados das repeti??es que n?o apresentaram contamina??o: altura, n?mero de perfilhos e biomassas fresca e seca. Para a esteriliza??o com hipocloritos, dentre os tratamentos contaminados (sem esteriliza??o, 0,0003, 0,0006 e 0,0009% Ca(ClO)2), houve predomin?ncia de contaminantes de origem f?ngica. No mesmo experimento, o NaClO apresentou potencial para viabilizar um novo protocolo de esteriliza??o qu?mica no cultivo in vitro de cana-dea??car cultivar RB99395, j? a partir de 0,0003% de c. a. total, pois os explantes inoculados nestes tratamentos apresentaram maior desenvolvimento quando comparadas ao controle autoclavado. Quando se testou o clor?in?, toda a contamina??o observada foi de origem f?ngica, sendo que apenas o controle sem esteriliza??o apresentou contamina??o em todas as amostras. Ap?s as an?lises de desenvolvimento dos explantes obtidos atrav?s desta metodologia de esteriliza??o, foi poss?vel sugerir o uso deste produto como alternativa para o controle da contamina??o no cultivo in vitro de cana-de-a??car cultivar RB952890, visto que apresentou o mesmo n?vel de controle das amostras autoclavadas. Contudo, observou-se baixo desenvolvimento das pl?ntulas inoculadas em meio MS esterilizado com este produto, nas tr?s concentra??es de c. a. total, sugerindo a possibilidade de haver influ?ncia fitot?xica de algum componente do produto. Apesar de os produtos mostrarem potencial para o desenvolvimento de novos protocolos de esteriliza??o, h? a necessidade de efetuar novos ensaios, n?o apenas para o ajuste das metodologias, como tamb?m para oferecer maior respaldo experimental para o desenvolvimento de um novo ? e definitivo ? protocolo de esteriliza??o, substituindo a autoclavagem pela adi??o de produtos qu?micos ao meio nutritivo, reduzindo, assim, o custo das pl?ntulas de cana-de-a??car produzidas em laborat?rios comerciais por t?cnicas de cultura de tecidos in vitro. more...

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-29T19:14:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - M?nica Lau da Silva Marques.pdf: 2382662 bytes, checksum: bd3196dc6041c2980a5c7654ca632a89 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T19:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - M?nica Lau da Silva Marques.pdf: 2382662 bytes, checksum: bd3196dc6041c2980a5c7654ca632a89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-31 CAPES Meloidogyne enterolobii (M. mayaguensis) is nematode specie found in several Brazilian states, parasitizing guavas and other crops. This work aimed to evaluate the reaction of thirty-two plants species to M. enterolobii in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse conditions. The population of the M. enterolobiii used in this study was obtained from roots of guava cv. ?Paluma? infested from the municipality of S?o Jo?o da Barra - RJ. The inoculum was multiplied in tomato (Solanum Lycoperyicum) cv. TRural I grown in containers of two liters, with previously autoclaved substrate, which received 5.000 eggs/juveniles/plant. Assessments were made at 90 days after inoculation. Plant roots were processed using Hussey and Barker technique and the population of eggs, juveniles and adults were estimated with the help of Peters counting chamber under an optical microscope. It was determined the final population (Pf) and the reproduction factor (RF), defined as the ratio Pf/Pi, where Pi is the initial population. From the thirty-two plants analyzed, fifteen were susceptible: zucchini (Curcubita moschata Duch), loofah (Luffa cylindrica), white bottlebrush (Callistemon rigidus R. Br), red bottlebrush (Callistemon rigidus R. Br), Brazilian guave (Psidium guineensis), sugarcane var. RB 956911(Saccharum hybrid var. RB 956911), sugarcane var. RB 867515 (Saccharum hybrid var. RB 867515), sugarcane var. RB 92579 (Saccharum hybrid var. RB 92579), sugarcane var. SP 801816 (Saccharum hybrid var. SP 801816), antlerpepper (Capsicum baccatum), hotpepper (Capsicum chinense), tomato cv. TRural I (Solanum lycopersycum cv. TRural I), fis?lia (Physalis angulata), scarlet eggplant (Solanum gilo) and eggplant (Solanum melogena L.). Two were immune: ornamental eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis) and ox guava (Eugenia stipilata); and fifteen were resistant: count the fruit (Annona squamosa), curly parsley (Petroselinum crispum), pearl pineapple (Ananas cosmosus L. Merril), purple basil (Ocimum pupuraceus), cambuci (Campomanesia phaea), fragrant eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis), pear guava (Psidium acutangulum), yellow guava (Psidium cattleyanum), purple guava (Psidium myrtoides), biribiri (Averrhoa bilimbi L), carambola (Averrhoa carambola L), yellow passionflower (Passiflora maliformis L), rattlepod (crotalaria juncea L) e gray mucuna (Mucuna cin?rea cv. gray mucuna ). Meloidogyne enterolobii (M. mayaguensis) ? uma esp?cie de nemat?ide encontrado em v?rios estados brasileiros, parasitando goiabeiras e outras plantas cultivadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a hospedabilidade de trinta e duas esp?cies vegetais quanto ? rea??o ao M. enterolobii no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegeta??o do Instituto de Biologia, no Departamento de Entomologia e Fitopatologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. A popula??o do in?culo inicial do M. enterolobii utilizada foi obtida em campo a partir de ra?zes de goiabeira cv. ?Paluma? infestadas, proveniente do munic?pio de S?o Jo?o da Barra ? RJ. O in?culo foi multiplicado em tomateiro (Solanum Lycopersycum) cv. TRural I cultivadas em vasos de dois litros, com substrato previamente autoclavado, que receberam 5.000 ovos/juvenis/planta. As avalia??es ocorreram aos 90 dias ap?s a inocula??o. As ra?zes das plantas foram processadas utilizando a t?cnica de Hussey e Barker adaptada por Bonnetti e Ferraz (1981) e a popula??o de ovos, juvenis e adultos foram estimada com aux?lio da c?mara de contagem de Peters, sob microsc?pio ?ptico. Os dados obtidos constitu?ram a popula??o final (Pf) e foram utilizados na determina??o do fator de reprodu??o (FR), conforme Collen e D?Herde (1972), definido pela rela??o Pf/Pi, em que Pi ? a popula??o inicial. Das trinta e duas plantas analisadas, quinze foram suscet?veis: abobrinha menina brasileira (Curcubita moschata Duch), bucha (Luffa cylindrica), escova-de-garrafa branca (Callistemon rigidus R. Br), escova-de-garrafa vermelho (Callistemon rigidus R. Br), ara?? (Psidium guineensis), cana-de-a??car var. RB956911 (Saccharum hibrido var. RB956911), cana-de-a??car var. RB 867515 (Saccharum hibrido var. RB 867515), cana-de-a??car var. RB 92579 (Saccharum hibrido var. RB 92579), cana-de-a??car var. SP 801816 (Saccharum hibrido var. SP 801816), pimenta chifre de veado (Capsicum baccatum), pimenta bode (Capsicum chinense), tomate cv. TRural I (Solanum lycopersycum) cv TRural I, f?salis (Physalis angulata), jil? (Solanum gilo) e a berinjela (Solanum melogena L.). Dois foram imunes: eucalipto ornamental (Eucalyptus tereticornis) e o ara?? boi (Eugenia stipilata); e quinze foram resistentes: fruta do conde (Annona squamosa), salsa-crespa (Petroselinum crispum), abacaxi perola (Ananas cosmosus L. Merril), manjeric?o roxo (Ocimum pupuraceus), cambuci (Campomanesia phaea), eucalipto cheiroso (Eucalyptus citriodora), eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis), ara?? p?ra (Psidium acutangulum), ara??-amarelo (Psidium cattleyanum), ara?? roxo (Psidium myrtoides), biribiri (Averrhoa bilimbi L), carambola (Averrhoa carambola L), maracuj? amarelo (Passiflora maliformis L), crotalaria juncea (crotalaria juncea L) e mucuna cinza (Mucuna cin?rea cv. Mucuna cinza). more...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Gislanne Brito Barros.pdf: 2326172 bytes, checksum: 73f275a11542cb2e428f8d2e36262f20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-05 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES Several diseases caused by different pathogen species can affect the cowpea culture, causing considerable reduction in its productive potential. Among the diseases of large occurrence are the viral illnesses. The viruses caused by the families Comoviridae and Potyviridae, represented by the species Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) respectively, are considered of great importance. Considering the efficiency of the genetic resistance in the control of these diseases, this work was carried out aiming at the obtenttion and characterization cowpea plants with resistance to viruses CPSMV and CABMV, in order to obtain new and essentially derived cultivars. Eight crosses were performed using the line TE 97-309G-9 and the cultivar Patativa as parental donors of resistance to CPSMV and CABMV, and cultivars BR3-Tracuateua, BRS-Urubuquara, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba and the landrace Pretinho as recurrent parents. The isolated virus used in the inoculation of F2 and F2RC1 plants were collected in Embrapa Meio-Norte experimental field, and maintained in differential lines. The purity of the isolated was evaluated and confirmed in the Laboratory of Fitovirologia, of Biological Institute, in S?o Paulo. Biparental crosses and triple were made to obtain F1 generations, and then submitted to self pollinated to develop F2 seeds. These F2 plants were inoculated with the mixture of the viruses CPSMV (sorotype I and II) and CABMV. Afterward, the resistant F2 plants were backcrossed with the respective recurrent parent to obtain F1RC1 seeds. The plants of F1RC1 generation were self pollinated to develop F2RC1 seeds. The F2RC1 plants were also inoculated with the same mixture of the viruses, as previously mentioned, and resistant plants were characterized. The following characters were used: number of days to the first flower; pod length; number of seeds per pod; weight of 100 seeds; seed color; and seed yield per plant. The segregation of the F2 generation of biparental crosses and triple and the F2RC1 were analyzed to check the expected frequency of 15 susceptible plants: 1 resistant plant by the ?2 (Qui square) test. All the F2 biparental crosses and F2RC1 backcrosses were adjusted to the expected frequency of 15:1. The characters evaluated in parents and F2RC1 were submitted to statistical analysis. The averages of the resistant plants F2RC1 in each backcross were compared with the average of respective recurrent parent by the t-test and the averages within crosses were compared by the Scott-Knott test. The existence of great genetic variability within and among backcrosses were detected based on all characters. It can be concluded by this study that all backcrosses are promising for obtaining essentially derived cultivars resistant to the viruses CPSMV and CABMV and that the backcrosses who obtained as recurrent parents cultivars BRS-Urubuquara and BRS Novaera are very promising for obtaining new cultivars with multiple resistance to the viruses CPSMV and CABMV. Diversas doen?as causadas por diferentes esp?cies de pat?genos podem afetar a cultura do feij?o-caupi, promovendo redu??o consider?vel do seu potencial produtivo. Dentre as doen?as de larga ocorr?ncia se destacam as viroses, merecendo maior ?nfase as causadas pelos v?rus das fam?lias Comoviridae e Potyviridae, com as esp?cies Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) e Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), respectivamente. Considerando a efici?ncia da resist?ncia gen?tica no controle dessas doen?as, esse trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de obten??o e caracteriza??o de plantas de feij?o-caupi com resist?ncia aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV, visando o desenvolvimento de cultivares essencialmente derivadas e de novas cultivares. Foram realizados oito cruzamentos utilizando a linhagem TE 97-309G-9 e a cultivar Patativa como parentais doadores dos genes de resist?ncia aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV, e as cultivares BR3-Tracuateua, BRSUrubuquara, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba e a cultivar local Pretinho como parentais recorrentes. Os isolados virais usados nas inocula??es das plantas das gera??o F2 e F2RC1 foram coletados no campo experimental da Embrapa Meio-Norte, e mantidos em linhagens diferenciadoras. A pureza dos isolados foi avaliada e confirmada no laborat?rio de Fitovirologia, do Instituto Biol?gico, em S?o Paulo. Cruzamentos biparentais e cruzamento triplo foram realizados para a obten??o da gera??o F1 e submetidos ? autofecunda??o para a obten??o de sementes F2. As plantas da gera??o F2 foram inoculadas com a mistura dos v?rus CPSMV (sorotipos I e II) e CABMV. Em seguida, as plantas F2 resistentes foram retrocruzadas com o respectivo parental recorrente para a obten??o de sementes F1RC1. As plantas da gera??o F1RC1 foram autofecundadas para a obten??o de sementes F2RC1. As plantas F2RC1 foram tamb?m inoculadas com a mistura dos v?rus, como mencionado anteriormente e as resistentes foram caracterizadas. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: n?mero de dias para o in?cio da flora??o; comprimento da vagem; n?mero de gr?os por vagem; peso de cem gr?os; produ??o de gr?os por planta. As segrega??es das gera??es F2 dos cruzamentos biparentais e cruzamento triplo e F2RC1 foram analisadas pelo teste ?2 (Qui-Quadrado) para verificar a freq??ncia esperada de 15 plantas suscet?veis: 1 planta resistente. Todas as F2 dos cruzamentos biparentais e cruzamento triplo e F2RC1 ajustaram-se a freq??ncia esperada de 15:1. Os caracteres avaliados nos parentais e nas gera??es F2RC1 foram submetidos a an?lise estat?stica. As m?dias das plantas F2RC1 resistentes, de cada retrocruzamento, foram comparadas com a m?dia do seu respectivo parental recorrente pelo teste t e as m?dias dos retrocruzamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Foi detectada grande variabilidade gen?tica entre e dentro os retrocruzamentos para todos os caracteres. Pode-se concluir com base nos resultados que todos os retrocruzamentos s?o promissores para obten??o de cultivares essencialmente derivadas resistentes aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV e que os retrocruzamentos que obtiveram como parentais recorrentes as cultivares BRS-Urubuquara e BRS Novaera s?o muito promissores para a obten??o de novas cultivares com resist?ncia aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV. more...