This article attempts to reopen the debate, of long standing in the field of international trade law, respect of the rule applicable to the case of trade measures relating to process and production methods that involve a ban on the import of goods. Some jurisprudence under gatt 1947 is tilted in favor of the application of Article XI of this Agreement concerning quantitative restrictions on trade, to the detriment of Article III, which enshrines the principle of national treatment. This essay attempts to show that, under the gatt 1994, the dilemma raised must be resolved in favor of the application of Article III, given the presence of a new regulatory context, which requires the interpreter to take into account the principle of sustainable development when analysing the agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]