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Background: This study focused on imaging findings about magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with seizures. This is an abnormal electrical activity in the brain that can cause temporary or permanent symptoms; therefore, a brain MRI is performed to detect occupant injuries or morphological alterations. (1) Objective: To identify the prevalence of imaging findings in brain MRI in patients aged 5 to 60 years with seizures who received medical care at Medimagen, in Cuenca, Ecuador, from January 2017 to January 2023. Method: The study was descriptive, cross- sectional, and retrospective. The universe comprised the patients who met the inclusion criteria. Radiological reports from the database of Medimagen, Cuenca, then an analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 v.26 and Excel. Results: 72% of 272 patients reported imaging findings. Most of them were men (54%), and the most affected age group was that of 13 to 20 years (19.7%). The most common findings included tumors and infections (18.7%) and focal cortical dysplasia (14.1%). The temporal lobe (33.3%) and the parietal lobe (23.2%) were the most frequent locations of findings. Conclusion: Positive brain MRI findings in patients with seizures were more frequent in men aged 13 to 20 years with location in the temporal lobe. MRI showed sensitivity (20%) and specificity (69%) in patients with seizures.

Background: Rotator cuff (RC) injuries result from the tearing of one or more tendons. It is a structure comprising four muscles and tendons attached to the shoulder joint. They often become irritated, torn, or worn out. Injuries are the most common cause of pain and functional limitation of the shoulder. Objective: To determine the prevalence of RC injuries diagnosed by magnetic resonance at the imaging department of the Monte Sinaí Hospital in the city of Cuenca, from January 2021 to June 2023. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective, and crosssectional study. Universe made up of all patients from 21 to 80 years of age who underwent a shoulder MRI. The sample comprised all patients diagnosed with RC lesions, observing inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of 520 patients studied, 504 (96,92%) reported RC injuries. Based on this analysis, a higher prevalence was found in patients aged 61-70 years (25,40%), while, based on sex, there was a higher prevalence in males, featuring 275 cases (54,56%). Likewise, the type of injury with the highest prevalence was that of category “More than one injury” with 433 (85,91%). Conclusion: The results obtained show similarity in regard to some studies, while others differ from published results of previous research. MRI is the most effective study to diagnose RC injuries (99% sensitivity and specificity).

Background: Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors that affect the CNS. They belong to 10- 15% of tumors in the sellar region (1). According to their size, they are divided either microadenomas or macroadenomas. Magnetic resonance imaging is really important for diagnosis: Gold standard method is the one used for assessment. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pituitary adenomas diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging at the Institute of Diagnostic Imaging, 2019-2020. Methodology: Descriptive-retrospective study. 180patients who had pituitary adenomas were studied. This information was analyzed and tabulated usingIBM SPSS Statistics 25 according to set variables. Results: 247 radiological scans were examinated: 180 of then reported pituitary adenomas, showing a higher prevalence in females(76.7%), the most frequent time of appearance is between 31 and 40 years old. According to their size, microadenomas are the most common (69.4%). The most common radiological signs are regular borders (92.8%) and homogeneous intensity (68.9%). After contrast mediumadministration, a homogeneous uptake is visible (50%). Conclusions: Pituitary adenomas are more common in females and the most common age range is between 31 and 40 years. According to their size, microadenomas are the most frequent and the most common radiological signs are regular borders, homogeneous intensity and, in relation to contrast medium uptake, it was found that homogeneous uptake is more frequent.

Stones form from bile components that have precipitated in crystal forms. Frequency of stones has had a significant increase in advanced age and in females. Currently, MRI is a first-line method with high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (96%). Objective: To determine the prevalence of bile duct stones in patients aged 35 to 85 years diagnosed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography at the Institute of Diagnostic Imaging, in Cuenca, Ecuador, from January 2021 to December 2022. Method: Descriptive, retrospective and crosssectional study. Data was analyzed and tabulated according to the study variables. Results: Out of 326 patients, 281 cases tested positive: The prevalence of bile duct stones in patients aged 35 to 85 years diagnosed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography at the Institute of Diagnostic Imaging in Cuenca, Ecuador, from January 2021 to December 2022, was 86.2%. Female sex prevailed (64.4%) and patients between 65 and 74 years old were the most affected (40.2%). Stones in the gallbladder reached a percentage of 39.5% and absence of anatomical variations reached 92.9%. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of bile duct stones, which mainly affect females between 65 and 74 years of age, and their morphological location is more frequent in the gallbladder, featuring also absence of anatomical variations. Similar findings are reported in other studies.

Background: The knee structures that suffer the most injuries are the cruciate, collateral and meniscal ligaments. Magnetic resonance imaging allows a comprehensive evaluation of the knee, showing a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96% for the menisci, and a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 99% for the cruciate ligaments. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ligament and meniscus injuries diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging of the knee in 20- to 70-year-old patients, José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, Cuenca, January 2018-December 2021. Methods: This is descriptive, quantitative, and retrospective study. Data was collected from reports of patients who attended José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital to undergo magnetic resonance imaging of the knee in January 2018-December 2021. The data was processed, tabulated, and analyzed in the IBM SPSS software. Results: 475 medical records were analyzed: 436 showed meniscus and ligament injuries. Males were the most affected (69.3%), right knee (52.2%), 31-to-40 age range (30%), combined anterior and posterior cruciate (28.2%), and bilateral menisci (67.9%). Conclusions: The study concluded that meniscus and ligament injuries occur more frequently in males. Combined anterior and posterior cruciate was the most affected, as well as bilateral menisci. The right knee was the most affected.

Background: The herniation disc is the output of nucleus pulpous for the annulus fibrous; presents different annoyances starts with low back pain and cause partial or total paralysis of the extremities. Objective: To determine the frequency of herniated disc in the lumbar spine diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients from 31 to 80 years who come to the Diagnostic Imaging Institute (Cuenca), in the period January – December 2020. Methodology: Descriptive, cross and retrospective research. The universe was made up of patients from 31 to 80 years who underwent a magnetic resonance study of lumbar spine; the sample was made of all patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation, considering the inclusion criteria. Results: Of 352 patients studied, the 229 (65,06%) present lumbar disc herniation. Greater prevalence was found in patients of 41-50 years, with 57 cases (24,89%). The male sex present higher frequency of lumbar disc herniation with 52,40%. The location of the lumbar disc herniation predominant was the category “More than one level of location”, with 141 cases. The type of disc herniation most frequency was “Protrusion (Contained)”, with 91 cases. Finally, MODIC 3 presented a higher prevalence with 115 patients (50,22%). Conclusion: The results show a similarity based on various studies, in the variables sex and age group. The RM is classified as most effective study for the diagnostic of herniated disc (sensitivity 75%, specificity 77%)

Background: breast cancer represents the most frequent neoplasia among women worldwide. Breast Magnetic Resonance is an imaging study with enormous value in diagnosis, staging, and treatment, being a tool that provides information on tumor size, degree of local extension, multifocality, multicentricity, bilaterality, among others, many times not provided by other imaging studies. Objective: to describe the findings of Breast Magnetic Resonance in the assessment and preoperative staging in patients diagnosed with breast cancer SOLCA, Cuenca, 2016-2019. Methods: quantitative, observational, descriptive and retrospective study with 131 patients with breast cancer. Medical records were reviewed and the different variables were recorded using a form. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 15 program, the results were presented using frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, asymmetry, kurtosis, and the Kolmogórov-Smirnov test. Results: Average age was 47 years, 54.20% were married. The most frequent level of education was secondary (33.59%), the majority had urban residence (90.08%) 57.26% were multiparous, 57.25% had exposure to hormonal contraceptives, and 19.08% had a family history of breast cancer. The most frequent histological type was ductal carcinoma (78.63%) and molecular type Luminal B (41.98%) 87.79% had BI-RADS VI classification. The most frequent imaging finding was malignant-looking axillary lymph nodes (30.53%). 30.53% underwent total mastectomy. Change in therapeutic attitude was 41.98%. Conclusions: MRI determines additional findings more frequently in ductal and lobular carcinoma and allows adequate preoperative planning.

Background: Degenerative disc disease is caused by the loss of proteoglycans, which makes the nucleus become dehydrated and shrink. The disc shows alteration, which can cause annular fissures and later a hernia. Objective: to determine the prevalence of degenerative disc disease in the cervical spine, diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients aged 30 to 80 years at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, in Cuenca, from January to December 2019. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study. To obtain data, a form designed by the authors was used, which was collected and tabulated using the IBM SPSS 25 software, based on different variables. Results: From 550 magnetic resonance imaging tests 480 patients were diagnosed with degenerative disc disease (87.3%). This pathology prevails in fameless (64%) in the 51-60 age group (31.5%). The most frequent lesion is protruding disc herniation (59%), which can affect more than one intervertebral disc space (62.5%). Conclusions: These findings are similar to those of other studies showing that degenerative disc disease affects women primarily; imaging test show disc protrusion; they also show that the most affected region of the cervical spine occurs in more than one segment. MRI is the most effective diagnostic method due to its sensitivity and specificity.

Background: according to the World Health Organization (WHO), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) are the second leading cause of death worldwide and the first cause of disability. Ischemic stroke is an interruption of blood supply to a vascular territory of the brain, depriving it of glucose and oxygen, causing neurological damage that can become permanent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain makes it possible to assess morphological and functional aspects of the brain, obtain information on the established infarct volume, alteration of cerebral perfusion, ischemic penumbra area and affected vascular territory, which is useful for the timely diagnosis of this pathology. Objective to determine the prevalence of ischemic stroke diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients at the Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga during the period January - December 2019. Method: descriptive and retrospective study, a database of 144 people was used. The information was analyzed with SPSS, the results were tabulated and presented through frequency tables, percentages and measures of central tendency. Results: the study included a population of 1114 patients, with a stroke prevalence of 12.93%,occurring most frequently between 62 and 72 years of age (39.60%); the mean age was 64.21years (±14.81). Women predominated with 54.2%. Most of the cases were acute 88.2%. The most frequently identified findings were cerebral edema 52.78% and mass effect 35.42%. The most frequent location was the middle cerebral artery 68.1%. Most of the cases presented right laterality 55.6%. Conclusions: a prevalence of ischemic stroke diagnosed by MRI was obtained for the study period of 12.93%.

Background: The knee joint is considered to be of great magnitude and the most complex in the body, made up of capsules, bursae, ligaments and meniscus. The cruciate ligaments are responsible for regulating the movement of the knee, being the rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) the most frequent injury in 40% of cases. Magnetic resonance is a safe and reliable method for the diagnosis of ACL injuries, it demonstrates an effectiveness of 94.6%. Objective: To determine the incidence of ACL injury, by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, in recurrent patients of the imaging department of the “Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga” in the city of Cuenca, period June - December 2019. Methodology: The study was descriptive, retrospective, the information was collected from the database of the affected patients who went to the imaging department of the "Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga" to undergo MRI examinations of the knee, during June to December 2019. Results: 27.8% of the patients investigated were between 31 and 40 years old, 26.1% in the group between 41 and 50 years old, 20.9% were in the age group over 60 years old, 13.9% between 51 and 60 years old and 11.3% between 20 and 30 years old. Of these 51.30% belonged to the male gender and 48.70% to the female gender. Conclusions: Magnetic resonance is a useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of knee joint injuries.

Background: Rectal cancer is the third most common neoplasm worldwide. Tomography and Magnetic Resonance have advantages in the diagnosis of primary staging in, which are characterized differently in the evaluation General Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity in patients with rectal cancer for primary staging by Multidetector Computed Tomography versus Magnetic Resonance. Methodology: A systematic search was carried out for studies with quantitative methodologies to compare MRI and CT in RC in primary staging. Results: The feeding indices the following values for MRI sensitivity (57.1% - 100%), specificity (69.1% - 98.32%), PPV (36.4% - 97.14%) and NPV (83% - 100%) and for CT a sensitivity (47% - 100%), specificity (60% - 95.4%), PPV (75.9% - 98%) and NPV (67% - 100%), MRI was more accurate in the evaluation of T1, T2 and N, while CT was effective in distant metastases. Conclusions: MRI shows better resolution in the intestinal layers, the intersphincter plane and mesorectal fascia and lymph nodes while CT is more precise in M staging. Therefore, MRI is the technique of first choice in the primary staging of rectal cancer. Limitations: limits the lack of luminal distention in CT images, study design, selection bias, the sample was heterogeneous and small.

a. Background: Sports activities have increased as a lifestyle improvement, but also sports trauma injuries, which could be in any joint, the knee being the most frequent target, so an early diagnosis is necessary to minimize complications and disabilities. b. Objective: the validity and correlation of ultrasound in the diagnosis of knee injuries in adult patients with sports trauma who attended the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital was determined. Cuenca 2019. c. Methods: was a validation study of diagnostic tests determining the effectiveness and correlation of ultrasound compared with nuclear magnetic resonance, during January 2019 to August 2020. The sample was representative, based on sensitivity of 98%, specificity 88%, prevalence of knee injuries 45.5 %, accuracy 5%, confidence level 95%. A questionnaire validated in a pilot plan was used and the analysis was performed using EPI software v.4.1, Excel, SPSS v 2.1. d. Expected results: Lesions are more frequent between 36 and 58 years old, predominantly males. Joint effusion (92,4%), intracapsular and extracapsular ligament injuries (23%), bursitis and meniscopathies (19%) were identified by ultrasound. By magnetic resonance, they were intra and extracapsular ligament injuries (31,7%), joint effusion (22,9%) and meniscopathy (22,1%). Ultrasound showed sensitivity for tendinopathies (87,32%), extracapsular injury (87,9%) and joint effusion (95,36%); specificity for tendinopathy (93,6%), intracapsular lesion (94,25%). Positive predictive value for meniscopathy (94,17%), joint effusion (91,43%) and tendinopathy (90,51%) and negative predictive value for tendinopathy (91,35%) and extracapsular injuries (84,68%)

Background: The herniated disc is a displacement of disc material outside the limits of the intervertebral space, excluding movements of the disc from one location to another within the intervertebral space, which generates discomfort in the neck and upper extremities. Various publications have shown that magnetic resonance imaging is the most appropriate imaging method for diagnosing this pathology due to its high specificity and sensitivity. Objective: To determine the incidence of herniated disc in the cervical spine diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients who come to the José Carrasco Arteaga IESS Hospital during the period May - October 2019. Methodology: A retro-prospective descriptive study was carried out, in which data was collected from each Cervical Column Magnetic Resonance study corresponding to patients who present this pathology in the Imaging area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital during the period of May to October 2019. For the data collection, a form was applied that collects the variables of this investigation. The information obtained was processed using the SPSS 23. V Program, Excel 2013, and the analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with the use of frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency (quantitative variables). The results are presented in simple and double entry tables. Results: Of the 321 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine, 72.89% presented the lesion of which 53% were women, the age range with the highest index was from 50 to 59 in 30.34% of cases . 52.99% of the patients came for presenting pain at the cervical level. In relation to the occupation variable, 34.19% carried out office work. Regarding the type of hernia, 92.42% presented a disc protrusion and the most affected disc space was C5-C6 with 59.34% of patients. Conclusion: The incidence of cervical disc herniation was more frequent in women with 53.42%, the age range of 50-59 years represented 3

Determine the prevalence of meningiomas diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging of skull in patients of José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital between January 2016 and January 2018. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study will be carried out. The universe will be made up of the medical records of patients who came to the Imaging service of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital and had a MRI study with contrast, during the period January 2016- January 2018. This information will be tabulated and analyzed based on the variables: age, sex, location and radiological characteristics observed in MRI suggestive meningiomas. Results: After analysis of the data, the following results were obtained: 24 patients (1%) received an Imaging diagnosis of meningioma, followed by a confirmation of pathological anatomy. 75% were female and 25% were male. 50% of cases were between the ages of 40 and 59. 37.5% are in their 60s to 70s. The homogeneous uptake pattern corresponds to 75% of cases. The presence of dural tail occurred in 95.83% of the studied cases. Bone remodeling was found in 79.16% of patients.