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The purpose of this research project is the development of vegan mirror icings with the use of plant-based dyes, focused on the techniques and ingredients used in traditional mirror icing and its vegan substitutes, as well as on the natural ingredients of vegetable origin that will provide the color to each of them to be applied in cold desserts. Within this project, qualitative and quantitative methodology was used, traditional pastry research was carried out focused on mirror icing, to then be able to define the ingredients of animal origin that would be replaced by ingredients of vegetable origin and preparation techniques. Here, also, the natural pigments to be used for the different colors of frostings were identified. To determine the organoleptic characteristics, a quantitative analysis of the types of glazes made was carried out, we had a panel of professors from the gastronomy career and a focus group with knowledge in the area of veganism. Keywords: mirror icing, plant-based dyes, vegan, plan-based, vegan pastry.

The purpose of this research project is the development of vegan mirror icings with the use of plant-based dyes, focused on the techniques and ingredients used in traditional mirror icing and its vegan substitutes, as well as on the natural ingredients of vegetable origin that will provide the color to each of them to be applied in cold desserts. Within this project, qualitative and quantitative methodology was used, traditional pastry research was carried out focused on mirror icing, to then be able to define the ingredients of animal origin that would be replaced by ingredients of vegetable origin and preparation techniques. Here, also, the natural pigments to be used for the different colors of frostings were identified. To determine the organoleptic characteristics, a quantitative analysis of the types of glazes made was carried out, we had a panel of professors from the gastronomy career and a focus group with knowledge in the area of veganism. Keywords: mirror icing, plant-based dyes, vegan, plan-based, vegan pastry.

Background: The speech therapist is part of the health professionals such as: the early stimulator, physiotherapist, neurologist, neuropediatrist, dentist, otolaryngologist, pediatrician, clinical or educational psychologist, however, it is unknown if these professionals are familiar with the role of the same. Objective: To identify the knowledge of health professionals involved in speech therapy. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with a sample of 155 health professionals, linked to speech therapy who were surveyed in different health institutions in the city of Cuenca, the data were tabulated in SPSS 22, analyzed and presented in tables of frequencies and percentages. Results: 94.19% of the professionals surveyed were aware of the role of the speech therapist in the health team, while 5.81% were unaware of it. 93.55% indicated that it is important to link their health specialty with speech therapy. On the other hand, 41% refer cases frequently; The main causes are: speech disorders, hearing problems, swallowing disorders and language disorders, with 18.06% of health professionals who have never referred a case. Conclusions: There is a high level of knowledge about the role of the speech therapist, however, of the professionals participating in the present study, only 65.81% have been able to know the final results of the speech therapy intervention

Background: The speech therapist is part of the health professionals such as: the early stimulator, physiotherapist, neurologist, neuropediatrist, dentist, otolaryngologist, pediatrician, clinical or educational psychologist, however, it is unknown if these professionals are familiar with the role of the same. Objective: To identify the knowledge of health professionals involved in speech therapy. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with a sample of 155 health professionals, linked to speech therapy who were surveyed in different health institutions in the city of Cuenca, the data were tabulated in SPSS 22, analyzed and presented in tables of frequencies and percentages. Results: 94.19% of the professionals surveyed were aware of the role of the speech therapist in the health team, while 5.81% were unaware of it. 93.55% indicated that it is important to link their health specialty with speech therapy. On the other hand, 41% refer cases frequently; The main causes are: speech disorders, hearing problems, swallowing disorders and language disorders, with 18.06% of health professionals who have never referred a case. Conclusions: There is a high level of knowledge about the role of the speech therapist, however, of the professionals participating in the present study, only 65.81% have been able to know the final results of the speech therapy intervention

Background: The voice is the main means of communication for teachers in the classroom. However, when teaching classes, they often use inappropriate behaviors, such as raising the tone of their voice, shouting, clearing their throat, using if for long hours without breaks, among others. It is important that they avoid these behaviors that alter the health of their voice, affecting their communication, physical well-being, and social, personal, family, emotional and work relationships. Objective: Determine vocal misuse and abuse in basic education teachers of the Panama Basic Fiscal school and the Leoncio Cordero Jaramillo Educational Unit of the city of Cuenca in the period 2023-2024. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study was carried out with a sample of 61 teachers where vocal habits were analyzed through the questionnaire “Occupational and personal factors that affect the phonatory system” and tabulated using the SPSS version 25 program. Results: Of the 61 respondents, the women with the highest percentage were the age groups 31-40 and 41-50 years old with 29.5% while the age group of men were 51-60 years old or older with 13.1%. There were risk behaviors, such as increasing their voice by 44.3% and sharpening it by 34.4% when they had between 31 to 40 students, and increasing their voice by 42.6% and sharpening it by 24.6% when they had between 21 and 30 students, Conclusion: Teachers engage in behaviors that reflect vocal abuse and misuse, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, coffee, tea, aggravating the tone

Background: The speech therapist is part of the health professionals such as: the early stimulator, physiotherapist, neurologist, neuropediatrist, dentist, otolaryngologist, pediatrician, clinical or educational psychologist, however, it is unknown if these professionals are familiar with the role of the same. Objective: To identify the knowledge of health professionals involved in speech therapy. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with a sample of 155 health professionals, linked to speech therapy who were surveyed in different health institutions in the city of Cuenca, the data were tabulated in SPSS 22, analyzed and presented in tables of frequencies and percentages. Results: 94.19% of the professionals surveyed were aware of the role of the speech therapist in the health team, while 5.81% were unaware of it. 93.55% indicated that it is important to link their health specialty with speech therapy. On the other hand, 41% refer cases frequently; The main causes are: speech disorders, hearing problems, swallowing disorders and language disorders, with 18.06% of health professionals who have never referred a case. Conclusions: There is a high level of knowledge about the role of the speech therapist, however, of the professionals participating in the present study, only 65.81% have been able to know the final results of the speech therapy intervention

BACKGROUND: Speech sound disorders (TSH) refer to any difficulty with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments. TSHs are a variety of expressive and receptive difficulties seen in children as a result of a medical problem or with no known cause. Therefore, there is little consensus on the best way to define and identify them. Objective: To determine speech sound disorders in users who attended the Los Girasoles comprehensive development center in the period 2018 - 2020. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study using frequency and percentage tables, with a universe of 110 users. The collected data will be transcribed into a digital database and analyzed with the SPSS v22 statistical program. Results: 61.8% of the children who attended the Integral Los Girasoles center were male and according to age, 29.1% were 4 years old. According to the TSH, the Mixed represented 59.1% being more frequent in children with 38.2% and according to age the same type occurred between 3 and 4 years in 17.3% respectively. Finally, according to the errors of the speech sounds, the substitution occurred in 98.2% of the cases, with children being the most affected with 60% and according to age, 28.2% affected the 4 years. Conclusions: Speech disorders in preschool children are a public health problem, these children upon entering school will be a vulnerable group that will require not only speech-related intervention but also, in some cases, emotional and behavioral support.

BACKGROUND: Speech sound disorders (TSH) refer to any difficulty with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments. TSHs are a variety of expressive and receptive difficulties seen in children as a result of a medical problem or with no known cause. Therefore, there is little consensus on the best way to define and identify them. Objective: To determine speech sound disorders in users who attended the Los Girasoles comprehensive development center in the period 2018 - 2020. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study using frequency and percentage tables, with a universe of 110 users. The collected data will be transcribed into a digital database and analyzed with the SPSS v22 statistical program. Results: 61.8% of the children who attended the Integral Los Girasoles center were male and according to age, 29.1% were 4 years old. According to the TSH, the Mixed represented 59.1% being more frequent in children with 38.2% and according to age the same type occurred between 3 and 4 years in 17.3% respectively. Finally, according to the errors of the speech sounds, the substitution occurred in 98.2% of the cases, with children being the most affected with 60% and according to age, 28.2% affected the 4 years. Conclusions: Speech disorders in preschool children are a public health problem, these children upon entering school will be a vulnerable group that will require not only speech-related intervention but also, in some cases, emotional and behavioral support.

Background: Singers are highly susceptible to suffer vocal pathologies, since they utilize their voice to perform, and require the implementation of vocal hygiene standards, which are based on a set of recommendations to optimize their voice and avoid vocal pathologies. General Objective: To determine vocal hygiene habits that singers of the polyphonic choirs of the canton Cuenca in the year 2022. Methods: The current study implements a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 133 polyphonic choir singers from canton Cuenca in the year 2022. A Vocal Awareness Questionnaire for Singers was implemented to understand the vocal hygiene habits utilized and associated risk factors which influence the presentation of vocal pathologies, such as (gender, age, musical education, type of voice, hours sung weekly). The analysis of data was tabulated through SPSS 29 free version, using tables created in Excel 2021 by means of frequencies and percentages. Results: Of the 133 respondents, 73.7% belong to the age group of 18 to 29 years 11 months. 38.3% correspond to the male gender and 61.7% to the female gender; 42.1% of this gender drink water when feeling mucus or phlegm in the throat. 30.1% of the male gender prefer to cough or clear their throat. Participants of this study responded that speaking more frequently with laryngitis, throat clearing, air conditioning, and speaking in noisy environments were associated factors both behaviorally and environmentally on vocal mechanism. Conclusions: It was concluded that the singers of the Polyphonic Choirs of the canton do not elicit optimal vocal hygiene habits.

Background: Singers are highly susceptible to suffer vocal pathologies, since they utilize their voice to perform, and require the implementation of vocal hygiene standards, which are based on a set of recommendations to optimize their voice and avoid vocal pathologies. General Objective: To determine vocal hygiene habits that singers of the polyphonic choirs of the canton Cuenca in the year 2022. Methods: The current study implements a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 133 polyphonic choir singers from canton Cuenca in the year 2022. A Vocal Awareness Questionnaire for Singers was implemented to understand the vocal hygiene habits utilized and associated risk factors which influence the presentation of vocal pathologies, such as (gender, age, musical education, type of voice, hours sung weekly). The analysis of data was tabulated through SPSS 29 free version, using tables created in Excel 2021 by means of frequencies and percentages. Results: Of the 133 respondents, 73.7% belong to the age group of 18 to 29 years 11 months. 38.3% correspond to the male gender and 61.7% to the female gender; 42.1% of this gender drink water when feeling mucus or phlegm in the throat. 30.1% of the male gender prefer to cough or clear their throat. Participants of this study responded that speaking more frequently with laryngitis, throat clearing, air conditioning, and speaking in noisy environments were associated factors both behaviorally and environmentally on vocal mechanism. Conclusions: It was concluded that the singers of the Polyphonic Choirs of the canton do not elicit optimal vocal hygiene habits.

Background: Singers are highly susceptible to suffer vocal pathologies, since they utilize their voice to perform, and require the implementation of vocal hygiene standards, which are based on a set of recommendations to optimize their voice and avoid vocal pathologies. General Objective: To determine vocal hygiene habits that singers of the polyphonic choirs of the canton Cuenca in the year 2022. Methods: The current study implements a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 133 polyphonic choir singers from canton Cuenca in the year 2022. A Vocal Awareness Questionnaire for Singers was implemented to understand the vocal hygiene habits utilized and associated risk factors which influence the presentation of vocal pathologies, such as (gender, age, musical education, type of voice, hours sung weekly). The analysis of data was tabulated through SPSS 29 free version, using tables created in Excel 2021 by means of frequencies and percentages. Results: Of the 133 respondents, 73.7% belong to the age group of 18 to 29 years 11 months. 38.3% correspond to the male gender and 61.7% to the female gender; 42.1% of this gender drink water when feeling mucus or phlegm in the throat. 30.1% of the male gender prefer to cough or clear their throat. Participants of this study responded that speaking more frequently with laryngitis, throat clearing, air conditioning, and speaking in noisy environments were associated factors both behaviorally and environmentally on vocal mechanism. Conclusions: It was concluded that the singers of the Polyphonic Choirs of the canton do not elicit optimal vocal hygiene habits.

Background: the main work tool of teachers is their voice and their efficiency in their professional activities depends on it, therefore they are exposed to risk factors that can cause vocal disorders and interfere in their work performance. Generally, they consult a specialist when their voice is poorly appreciated, therefore, it is important to know the self-perception of the teacher with respect to their voice. (1) (2) Type of study: the research corresponds to a descriptive-prospective study. General Objective: to evaluate the self-perceived vocal disability through the Voice Handicap Index questionnaire in teachers of the Cuenca City Educational Unit in virtual classes 2020 - 2021. Methodology: to evaluate the self-perceived vocal disability, surveys were conducted through Google Forms, the results were tabulated in SPSS 22 and Microsoft Excel. The analysis of variables was performed using contingency tables, for the quantitative analysis mean, median, mode and for the qualitative variables frequency and percentage were calculated. Results: when the questionnaire was applied to the 53 teachers, it was determined that 84.91% presented a mild self-perceived degree of vocal affectation, 15.09% a moderate degree and none presented a severe or serious degree. Conclusion: teachers are prone to suffer vocal disorders because the use of their voice is indispensable. Therefore, it is important to know their vocal self-perception in functional, organic and emotional aspects to identify if there is an alteration and the degree to which it influences their performance.

Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, medical services found alternative ways such as teletherapy to maintain the provision of health services to patients. Teletherapy provides prevention, evaluation and intervention services through videoconference. Speech therapy is one of the clinical fields in which teletherapy has been found useful and has made it possible to treat pathologies such as Speech Sound Disorder (SSD). (1) SSD occurs due to affectation of the phonetic component (articulatory production of sounds) or affectation of the phonological component (functional use of contrastive segments of speech). (2) Objective: To determine the prevalence of Speech Sound Disorders in patients aged 3-5 years attended by teletherapy. Cuenca, March-December 2020. Methodology: The SPSS and Excel programs were used to tabulate, in the analysis of the results qualitative variables were used: frequency, number and percentages; to represent them, simple and contingency tables were used. Results: The majority of those surveyed with 37.1% treated 1-5 patients with TSH through teletherapy; the highest percentage with 46.78% treated male patients; the majority with 22.58% attended patients between 4 years 1 month to 4 years 6 months of age; 69.4% used the Phonetic-Phonological-Revised Evaluation Protocol (PEFF-R); 64.5% diagnosed their patients with Phonetic-Phonological TSH and the majority with 33.9% used a care time greater than 4 months.

BACKGROUND: Phonoaudiological pathologies are alterations in one or more of the areas of phonoaudiology, such as: language, speech, voice, swallowing and hearing. Among the most relevant are: late language onset, language development disorder, speech sounds disorder, dysphonia, dysphagia and hypoacusis. To achieve this research, clinical histories and phonoaudiological reports of children between the ages of 3 years 11 months to 5 years 11 months, who attended the phonoaudiology area during the period 2016 - 2019, were reviewed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of phonoaudiological pathologies in the CEDIUC 2016-2019 phonoaudiology area. METHOD: The analysis of the results was performed using Microsoft Excel program version 2010 and SPSS; for quantitative variables through statistical analysis of measures of central tendency. For qualitative variables, frequencies and percentages were used. RESULTS: The present study registered a sample of 117 participants, including clinical histories and speech therapy reports of CEDIUC assistants in the period 2016-2019. The prevalent sex was male with 65.81%, the age range with the highest rate of phonoaudiological pathologies was from 3 years to 3 years 11 months with 46.15%. The most prevalent phonoaudiological pathologies are: late onset of language (24.80%) and phonetic speech sounds disorder (25.65%), followed by dysphagia without specification (0.85%) and oral dysphagia (0.85%), in addition to transmission hypoacusis and without specification (0.85%) and additionally dysphonia (1.70%).

BACKGROUND: Phonoaudiological pathologies are alterations in one or more of the areas of phonoaudiology, such as: language, speech, voice, swallowing and hearing. Among the most relevant are: late language onset, language development disorder, speech sounds disorder, dysphonia, dysphagia and hypoacusis. To achieve this research, clinical histories and phonoaudiological reports of children between the ages of 3 years 11 months to 5 years 11 months, who attended the phonoaudiology area during the period 2016 - 2019, were reviewed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of phonoaudiological pathologies in the CEDIUC 2016-2019 phonoaudiology area. METHOD: The analysis of the results was performed using Microsoft Excel program version 2010 and SPSS; for quantitative variables through statistical analysis of measures of central tendency. For qualitative variables, frequencies and percentages were used. RESULTS: The present study registered a sample of 117 participants, including clinical histories and speech therapy reports of CEDIUC assistants in the period 2016-2019. The prevalent sex was male with 65.81%, the age range with the highest rate of phonoaudiological pathologies was from 3 years to 3 years 11 months with 46.15%. The most prevalent phonoaudiological pathologies are: late onset of language (24.80%) and phonetic speech sounds disorder (25.65%), followed by dysphagia without specification (0.85%) and oral dysphagia (0.85%), in addition to transmission hypoacusis and without specification (0.85%) and additionally dysphonia (1.70%).

Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, medical services found alternative ways such as teletherapy to maintain the provision of health services to patients. Teletherapy provides prevention, evaluation and intervention services through videoconference. Speech therapy is one of the clinical fields in which teletherapy has been found useful and has made it possible to treat pathologies such as Speech Sound Disorder (SSD). (1) SSD occurs due to affectation of the phonetic component (articulatory production of sounds) or affectation of the phonological component (functional use of contrastive segments of speech). (2) Objective: To determine the prevalence of Speech Sound Disorders in patients aged 3-5 years attended by teletherapy. Cuenca, March-December 2020. Methodology: The SPSS and Excel programs were used to tabulate, in the analysis of the results qualitative variables were used: frequency, number and percentages; to represent them, simple and contingency tables were used. Results: The majority of those surveyed with 37.1% treated 1-5 patients with TSH through teletherapy; the highest percentage with 46.78% treated male patients; the majority with 22.58% attended patients between 4 years 1 month to 4 years 6 months of age; 69.4% used the Phonetic-Phonological-Revised Evaluation Protocol (PEFF-R); 64.5% diagnosed their patients with Phonetic-Phonological TSH and the majority with 33.9% used a care time greater than 4 months.

Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, medical services found alternative ways such as teletherapy to maintain the provision of health services to patients. Teletherapy provides prevention, evaluation and intervention services through videoconference. Speech therapy is one of the clinical fields in which teletherapy has been found useful and has made it possible to treat pathologies such as Speech Sound Disorder (SSD). (1) SSD occurs due to affectation of the phonetic component (articulatory production of sounds) or affectation of the phonological component (functional use of contrastive segments of speech). (2) Objective: To determine the prevalence of Speech Sound Disorders in patients aged 3-5 years attended by teletherapy. Cuenca, March-December 2020. Methodology: The SPSS and Excel programs were used to tabulate, in the analysis of the results qualitative variables were used: frequency, number and percentages; to represent them, simple and contingency tables were used. Results: The majority of those surveyed with 37.1% treated 1-5 patients with TSH through teletherapy; the highest percentage with 46.78% treated male patients; the majority with 22.58% attended patients between 4 years 1 month to 4 years 6 months of age; 69.4% used the Phonetic-Phonological-Revised Evaluation Protocol (PEFF-R); 64.5% diagnosed their patients with Phonetic-Phonological TSH and the majority with 33.9% used a care time greater than 4 months.

Background: the main work tool of teachers is their voice and their efficiency in their professional activities depends on it, therefore they are exposed to risk factors that can cause vocal disorders and interfere in their work performance. Generally, they consult a specialist when their voice is poorly appreciated, therefore, it is important to know the self-perception of the teacher with respect to their voice. (1) (2) Type of study: the research corresponds to a descriptive-prospective study. General Objective: to evaluate the self-perceived vocal disability through the Voice Handicap Index questionnaire in teachers of the Cuenca City Educational Unit in virtual classes 2020 - 2021. Methodology: to evaluate the self-perceived vocal disability, surveys were conducted through Google Forms, the results were tabulated in SPSS 22 and Microsoft Excel. The analysis of variables was performed using contingency tables, for the quantitative analysis mean, median, mode and for the qualitative variables frequency and percentage were calculated. Results: when the questionnaire was applied to the 53 teachers, it was determined that 84.91% presented a mild self-perceived degree of vocal affectation, 15.09% a moderate degree and none presented a severe or serious degree. Conclusion: teachers are prone to suffer vocal disorders because the use of their voice is indispensable. Therefore, it is important to know their vocal self-perception in functional, organic and emotional aspects to identify if there is an alteration and the degree to which it influences their performance.

BACKGROUND: Phonoaudiological pathologies are alterations in one or more of the areas of phonoaudiology, such as: language, speech, voice, swallowing and hearing. Among the most relevant are: late language onset, language development disorder, speech sounds disorder, dysphonia, dysphagia and hypoacusis. To achieve this research, clinical histories and phonoaudiological reports of children between the ages of 3 years 11 months to 5 years 11 months, who attended the phonoaudiology area during the period 2016 - 2019, were reviewed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of phonoaudiological pathologies in the CEDIUC 2016-2019 phonoaudiology area. METHOD: The analysis of the results was performed using Microsoft Excel program version 2010 and SPSS; for quantitative variables through statistical analysis of measures of central tendency. For qualitative variables, frequencies and percentages were used. RESULTS: The present study registered a sample of 117 participants, including clinical histories and speech therapy reports of CEDIUC assistants in the period 2016-2019. The prevalent sex was male with 65.81%, the age range with the highest rate of phonoaudiological pathologies was from 3 years to 3 years 11 months with 46.15%. The most prevalent phonoaudiological pathologies are: late onset of language (24.80%) and phonetic speech sounds disorder (25.65%), followed by dysphagia without specification (0.85%) and oral dysphagia (0.85%), in addition to transmission hypoacusis and without specification (0.85%) and additionally dysphonia (1.70%).

The fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate is a frequent congenic malformation, characterized by the lack of fusion of the musculocutaneous components of the face, with a prevalence of 1/650. The first intervention is palatoplasty; it can lead to complications such as fistulas, with a prevalence from 0 to 76% on the national level and 6% in Ecuador. It could cause consequences like nasal regurgitation, speech disorders, dysphagia, etc. Its intervention must be interdisciplinary. General objective: To determine the prevalence of post-surgery fistulas in users with fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate, assisted at the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso (HVCM), in the period from January 2016 to December 2019. Methodology: Descriptive study, of retrospective court; done through the revision of forty medical reports of users with fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate, who show fistula, assisted from January 2016 to December 2019 at the HVCM. The information was recollecting in a form and analyzed in the programs SPSS and Excel. Results: forty medical reports obtained by fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate’s users with fistula, the most prevalent type of fistula was the IV (hard palate) with 20%. According to the CIE-10’ s classification, the most frequent fissure is Q35.0 (hard bilateral palate), with 45%; the average of surgical interventions is 2.4; the media of age is 9.7 years, and the trend is 6 years. Finally, the gender with a higher frequency corresponds to the men with 70%. Conclusion: The 94% users assisted at the HVCM did not exhibit fistula or meet the criteria of inclusion for the study, the case being that 6% of registered users obtain fistulas, the most frequent type was IV (hard palate) with a 20%.

Cleft lip palate (CLP) is one of the most common craniofacial malformations globally, the prevalence is 65%, affecting 1 per 600 to 1000 live births (1). The Latin American Institute of Congenital Malformations ECLMC establishes a rate of 10.49% per 10,000 live births. In Ecuador, an incidence of 14.96 per 10,000 births is registered(2). In Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, (period 2010- 2015) a prevalence of 37.4% was registered(3). There is a high rate of this malformation. General objective: To determine the prevalence of cleft lip and palate in newborns, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, period 2012-2020, Cuenca-Ecuador. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study in newborns with FLAP attended at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, period 2012-2020. A total of 88 users who met the inclusion criteria were obtained. The research was carried out subject to ICD10, since this public health entity handles this diagnostic coding. The data obtained were extracted from clinical records and recorded in the collection form. The information was entered into SPSS STATISTICS version 25 software. Results: During the 9 years of the study (2012-2020), 88 cases of newborns with FLAP attended at this institution were recorded. Male sex predominated (58%), the most frequent cleft was hard palate and soft palate cleft (17%), the most frequent origin was Azuay (61.36%), the period with more cases registered was 2015-2017 (43.18%). Most cases were not associated with syndromes (94.31%).

Cleft lip palate (CLP) is one of the most common craniofacial malformations globally, the prevalence is 65%, affecting 1 per 600 to 1000 live births (1). The Latin American Institute of Congenital Malformations ECLMC establishes a rate of 10.49% per 10,000 live births. In Ecuador, an incidence of 14.96 per 10,000 births is registered(2). In Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, (period 2010- 2015) a prevalence of 37.4% was registered(3). There is a high rate of this malformation. General objective: To determine the prevalence of cleft lip and palate in newborns, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, period 2012-2020, Cuenca-Ecuador. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study in newborns with FLAP attended at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, period 2012-2020. A total of 88 users who met the inclusion criteria were obtained. The research was carried out subject to ICD10, since this public health entity handles this diagnostic coding. The data obtained were extracted from clinical records and recorded in the collection form. The information was entered into SPSS STATISTICS version 25 software. Results: During the 9 years of the study (2012-2020), 88 cases of newborns with FLAP attended at this institution were recorded. Male sex predominated (58%), the most frequent cleft was hard palate and soft palate cleft (17%), the most frequent origin was Azuay (61.36%), the period with more cases registered was 2015-2017 (43.18%). Most cases were not associated with syndromes (94.31%).

The fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate is a frequent congenic malformation, characterized by the lack of fusion of the musculocutaneous components of the face, with a prevalence of 1/650. The first intervention is palatoplasty; it can lead to complications such as fistulas, with a prevalence from 0 to 76% on the national level and 6% in Ecuador. It could cause consequences like nasal regurgitation, speech disorders, dysphagia, etc. Its intervention must be interdisciplinary. General objective: To determine the prevalence of post-surgery fistulas in users with fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate, assisted at the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso (HVCM), in the period from January 2016 to December 2019. Methodology: Descriptive study, of retrospective court; done through the revision of forty medical reports of users with fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate, who show fistula, assisted from January 2016 to December 2019 at the HVCM. The information was recollecting in a form and analyzed in the programs SPSS and Excel. Results: forty medical reports obtained by fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate’s users with fistula, the most prevalent type of fistula was the IV (hard palate) with 20%. According to the CIE-10’ s classification, the most frequent fissure is Q35.0 (hard bilateral palate), with 45%; the average of surgical interventions is 2.4; the media of age is 9.7 years, and the trend is 6 years. Finally, the gender with a higher frequency corresponds to the men with 70%. Conclusion: The 94% users assisted at the HVCM did not exhibit fistula or meet the criteria of inclusion for the study, the case being that 6% of registered users obtain fistulas, the most frequent type was IV (hard palate) with a 20%.

Cleft lip palate (CLP) is one of the most common craniofacial malformations globally, the prevalence is 65%, affecting 1 per 600 to 1000 live births (1). The Latin American Institute of Congenital Malformations ECLMC establishes a rate of 10.49% per 10,000 live births. In Ecuador, an incidence of 14.96 per 10,000 births is registered(2). In Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, (period 2010- 2015) a prevalence of 37.4% was registered(3). There is a high rate of this malformation. General objective: To determine the prevalence of cleft lip and palate in newborns, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, period 2012-2020, Cuenca-Ecuador. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study in newborns with FLAP attended at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, period 2012-2020. A total of 88 users who met the inclusion criteria were obtained. The research was carried out subject to ICD10, since this public health entity handles this diagnostic coding. The data obtained were extracted from clinical records and recorded in the collection form. The information was entered into SPSS STATISTICS version 25 software. Results: During the 9 years of the study (2012-2020), 88 cases of newborns with FLAP attended at this institution were recorded. Male sex predominated (58%), the most frequent cleft was hard palate and soft palate cleft (17%), the most frequent origin was Azuay (61.36%), the period with more cases registered was 2015-2017 (43.18%). Most cases were not associated with syndromes (94.31%).

Dysphonia is considered an alteration in the qualities of the voice. The user diagnosed with dysphonia has difficulties for the oral communicative exchange at a social, work and emotional level, adding comorbid factors such as age, sex, vocal habits, type of vocal user and the self-perception of her voice; In the last 5 years, studies have been carried out worldwide, where it has been recorded that users diagnosed with dysphonia have had stress and anxiety factors that are part of a more complex clinical picture; The subjective affectation at the organic-functional level, which causes dysphonia, can be determined using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) Test, which has three sections, vocal functioning, physical, vocal and emotional state in relation to dysphonia, contributing significantly to the approach Therapeutic speech therapy and to determine the impact of the condition perceived by the user and their mood, visualizing it holistically through the results obtained from the test. Treatment aimed at any type of dysphonia; be it organic, functional or organic-functional with hypofunctional and hyperfunctional characterization, it requires an important multidisciplinary team to address different approaches such as the intervention of the ENT and the Speech Therapist. Type of study: Prospective descriptive cross-sectional study. General Objective: To determine the vocal self-perception of users diagnosed with dysphonia who attended the outpatient area of adult speech therapy at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the period March 2019 - March 2020. Methodology: The sample was comprised of 70 users diagnosed with dysphonia that attended the outpatient adult speech therapy area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital between the period March 2019 - March 2020. The personal information and medical diagnosis of each patient was collected by reviewing the medical records and in which the contact telephone numbers, through which the data collection sheet and the VH

Dysphonia is considered an alteration in the qualities of the voice. The user diagnosed with dysphonia has difficulties for the oral communicative exchange at a social, work and emotional level, adding comorbid factors such as age, sex, vocal habits, type of vocal user and the self-perception of her voice; In the last 5 years, studies have been carried out worldwide, where it has been recorded that users diagnosed with dysphonia have had stress and anxiety factors that are part of a more complex clinical picture; The subjective affectation at the organic-functional level, which causes dysphonia, can be determined using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) Test, which has three sections, vocal functioning, physical, vocal and emotional state in relation to dysphonia, contributing significantly to the approach Therapeutic speech therapy and to determine the impact of the condition perceived by the user and their mood, visualizing it holistically through the results obtained from the test. Treatment aimed at any type of dysphonia; be it organic, functional or organic-functional with hypofunctional and hyperfunctional characterization, it requires an important multidisciplinary team to address different approaches such as the intervention of the ENT and the Speech Therapist. Type of study: Prospective descriptive cross-sectional study. General Objective: To determine the vocal self-perception of users diagnosed with dysphonia who attended the outpatient area of adult speech therapy at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the period March 2019 - March 2020. Methodology: The sample was comprised of 70 users diagnosed with dysphonia that attended the outpatient adult speech therapy area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital between the period March 2019 - March 2020. The personal information and medical diagnosis of each patient was collected by reviewing the medical records and in which the contact telephone numbers, through which the data collection sheet and the VH

The fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate is a frequent congenic malformation, characterized by the lack of fusion of the musculocutaneous components of the face, with a prevalence of 1/650. The first intervention is palatoplasty; it can lead to complications such as fistulas, with a prevalence from 0 to 76% on the national level and 6% in Ecuador. It could cause consequences like nasal regurgitation, speech disorders, dysphagia, etc. Its intervention must be interdisciplinary. General objective: To determine the prevalence of post-surgery fistulas in users with fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate, assisted at the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso (HVCM), in the period from January 2016 to December 2019. Methodology: Descriptive study, of retrospective court; done through the revision of forty medical reports of users with fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate, who show fistula, assisted from January 2016 to December 2019 at the HVCM. The information was recollecting in a form and analyzed in the programs SPSS and Excel. Results: forty medical reports obtained by fissure of lip, alveolus, and palate’s users with fistula, the most prevalent type of fistula was the IV (hard palate) with 20%. According to the CIE-10’ s classification, the most frequent fissure is Q35.0 (hard bilateral palate), with 45%; the average of surgical interventions is 2.4; the media of age is 9.7 years, and the trend is 6 years. Finally, the gender with a higher frequency corresponds to the men with 70%. Conclusion: The 94% users assisted at the HVCM did not exhibit fistula or meet the criteria of inclusion for the study, the case being that 6% of registered users obtain fistulas, the most frequent type was IV (hard palate) with a 20%.

Dysphonia is considered an alteration in the qualities of the voice. The user diagnosed with dysphonia has difficulties for the oral communicative exchange at a social, work and emotional level, adding comorbid factors such as age, sex, vocal habits, type of vocal user and the self-perception of her voice; In the last 5 years, studies have been carried out worldwide, where it has been recorded that users diagnosed with dysphonia have had stress and anxiety factors that are part of a more complex clinical picture; The subjective affectation at the organic-functional level, which causes dysphonia, can be determined using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) Test, which has three sections, vocal functioning, physical, vocal and emotional state in relation to dysphonia, contributing significantly to the approach Therapeutic speech therapy and to determine the impact of the condition perceived by the user and their mood, visualizing it holistically through the results obtained from the test. Treatment aimed at any type of dysphonia; be it organic, functional or organic-functional with hypofunctional and hyperfunctional characterization, it requires an important multidisciplinary team to address different approaches such as the intervention of the ENT and the Speech Therapist. Type of study: Prospective descriptive cross-sectional study. General Objective: To determine the vocal self-perception of users diagnosed with dysphonia who attended the outpatient area of adult speech therapy at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the period March 2019 - March 2020. Methodology: The sample was comprised of 70 users diagnosed with dysphonia that attended the outpatient adult speech therapy area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital between the period March 2019 - March 2020. The personal information and medical diagnosis of each patient was collected by reviewing the medical records and in which the contact telephone numbers, through which the data collection sheet and the VH

Phonological awareness is a metaphorological ability that refers to the ability to identify the sounds that make up speech, allows to know and use the phonemes that constitute a word. Deficit in phonological awareness skills causes difficulties in literacy learning in the school stage. General objective: To determine the development of Phonological Awareness in schoolchildren from 5 to 7 years at the Zoila Aurora Palacios Cuenca 2020 School of Basic Education. Methodology: The PECFO Phonological Awareness Assessment Test was applied, the scores were recorded in the general test registration protocol, the results were interpreted using the test standards, obtained the information was recorded on the Form, tabulating with the program SPSS Statistics V. 22 and Microsoft Excel. Results: 54.0% were women and 46.0% were men. Depending on the age, they had 7 to 7 years 11 months with 51.6%, depending on the year of basic education, most belonged to 3rd basic with 38.7%. In silabic consciousness a normal result of 73.4% was obtained, while 8.9% had deficits. In fonémic awareness, 66.2% achieved a normal result and 16.1% deficit. Conclusion: It was determined that 69.4% of children mostly have a development of normal phonological awareness, however there is a representative percentage of 16.9% that is at risk and a minimum percentage of 13.7% have deficit.

Phonological awareness is a metaphorological ability that refers to the ability to identify the sounds that make up speech, allows to know and use the phonemes that constitute a word. Deficit in phonological awareness skills causes difficulties in literacy learning in the school stage. General objective: To determine the development of Phonological Awareness in schoolchildren from 5 to 7 years at the Zoila Aurora Palacios Cuenca 2020 School of Basic Education. Methodology: The PECFO Phonological Awareness Assessment Test was applied, the scores were recorded in the general test registration protocol, the results were interpreted using the test standards, obtained the information was recorded on the Form, tabulating with the program SPSS Statistics V. 22 and Microsoft Excel. Results: 54.0% were women and 46.0% were men. Depending on the age, they had 7 to 7 years 11 months with 51.6%, depending on the year of basic education, most belonged to 3rd basic with 38.7%. In silabic consciousness a normal result of 73.4% was obtained, while 8.9% had deficits. In fonémic awareness, 66.2% achieved a normal result and 16.1% deficit. Conclusion: It was determined that 69.4% of children mostly have a development of normal phonological awareness, however there is a representative percentage of 16.9% that is at risk and a minimum percentage of 13.7% have deficit.

Phonological awareness is a metaphorological ability that refers to the ability to identify the sounds that make up speech, allows to know and use the phonemes that constitute a word. Deficit in phonological awareness skills causes difficulties in literacy learning in the school stage. General objective: To determine the development of Phonological Awareness in schoolchildren from 5 to 7 years at the Zoila Aurora Palacios Cuenca 2020 School of Basic Education. Methodology: The PECFO Phonological Awareness Assessment Test was applied, the scores were recorded in the general test registration protocol, the results were interpreted using the test standards, obtained the information was recorded on the Form, tabulating with the program SPSS Statistics V. 22 and Microsoft Excel. Results: 54.0% were women and 46.0% were men. Depending on the age, they had 7 to 7 years 11 months with 51.6%, depending on the year of basic education, most belonged to 3rd basic with 38.7%. In silabic consciousness a normal result of 73.4% was obtained, while 8.9% had deficits. In fonémic awareness, 66.2% achieved a normal result and 16.1% deficit. Conclusion: It was determined that 69.4% of children mostly have a development of normal phonological awareness, however there is a representative percentage of 16.9% that is at risk and a minimum percentage of 13.7% have deficit.