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I will explain how to use the Banach fixed point theory in the asymptotic stability of nonlinear differential equations; I will obtain appropriate generalizations and strong forms of some of the results in [2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12,13]. Specifically, in the above-mentioned paper, asymptotic stability is achieved, while I will discuss how to achieve a asymptotic stability as well as stability by making a simple observation, also circulate the previous asymptotic stability results to the Functional Differential Equations systems, not only on the scalar Functional Differential Equations as is the case in the mentioned paper. This raises the question of how much this particular method can afford us, and what are the limitations of this technique. I will refer to the important limitation of the fixed point theory on the uniqueness of solutions only within the complete metric space area where they are not specified. If the metric space onto which the contraction mapping principle is applied is very small, i do not get a satisfactory result. I will discuss this in detail below.

espanolLet S be a monoid, C be the set of complex numbers, and let σ,τ ∈ Antihom(S,S) satisfy τ ○ τ =σ ○ σ= id. The aim of this paper is to describe the solution ⨍,g: S → C of the functional equation in terms of multiplicative and additive functions. EnglishLet S be a monoid, C be the set of complex numbers, and let σ,τ ∈ Antihom(S,S) satisfy τ ○ τ =σ ○ σ= id. The aim of this paper is to describe the solution ⨍,g: S → C of the functional equation ⨍(xσ(y)) + ⨍(τ(y)x) = 2f(x)g(y), x, y ∈ S, in terms of multiplicative and additive functions.

In this paper we show by counter example that one of the main results in the paper "Edge Geodetic Covers in Graphsby Mariano and Canoy (International Mathematical Forum, 4, 2009, no. 46, 2301 - 2310) does not hold. Further, we partially characterize connected graphs G of order n for which its edge geodetic number g e(G) = n - 1.

In this paper we introduce the concept of fuzzy approximately Jordan mappings in fuzzy algebras, and study some of their basic properties. The main purpose of this paper is to study the stability of fuzzy approximately Jordan mappings in fuzzy algebras.

This paper generalizes the tree concept in Graph Theory, which plays a crucial role in many areas of science and technology. This paper also characterizes partial trees using the concept of maximum spanning trees.

In this paper, we have defined an algorithm for the construction of iterative operations, based on dimensional projections and correspondence between the properties of extended fields, with respect to modular reduction. For a field with product operations R(x) ⊗ D(x), over finite fields, GF[(p m ) n−k ]. With G p [x]/(g(f(x)), whence the coefficient of the g(x) is replaced after a modular reduction operation, with characteristic p. Thus, the reduced coefficients of the generating polynomial of G contain embedded the modular reduction and thus simplify operations that contain basic finite fields. The algorithm describes the process of construction of the GF multiplier, it can start at any stage of LFSR; it is shift the sequence of operation, from this point on, thanks to the concurrent adaptation, to optimize the energy consumption of the GF iterative multiplier circuit, we can claim that this method is more efficient. From this, it was realized the mathematical formalization of the characteristics of the iterative operations on the extended finite fields has been developed, we are applying a algorithm several times over the coefficients in the smaller field and then in the extended field, concurrent form.

The aim of the present paper is to introduce and study different forms of continuity in fuzzy bitopological ordered spaces. The concepts of different mappings such as pairwise fuzzy I -continuous mappings, pairwise fuzzy D -continuous mappings, pairwise fuzzy B -continuous mappings, pairwise fuzzy I -open mappings, pairwise fuzzy D -open mappings, pairwise fuzzy B -open mappings, pairwise fuzzy I -closed mappings, pairwise fuzzy D -closed mappings and pairwise fuzzy B -closed mappings have been introduced. Some of the basic properties and characterization theorems of these mappings have been investigated.

Let f : V (G) → {1, 2,..., |V (G)|} be a bijection, and let us denote S = f(u) + f(v) and D = |f(u) − f(v)| for every edge uv in E(G). Let f' be the induced edge labeling, induced by the vertex labeling f, defined as f' : E(G) → {0, 1} such that for any edge uv in E(G), f' (uv)=1 if gcd(S, D)=1, and f' (uv)=0 otherwise. Let e f' (0) and e f' (1) be the number of edges labeled with 0 and 1 respectively. f is SD-prime cordial labeling if |e f' (0) − e f' (1)| ≤ 1 and G is SD-prime cordial graph if it admits SD-prime cordial labeling. In this paper, we have discussed the SD-prime cordial labeling of alternate k-polygonal snake graphs of type-1, type-2 and type-3.

In this paper, we firstly obtain two identities for multiplicative differentiable functions. Then by using these identities, we establish Ostrowski and Simpson type inequalities for multiplicative integrals. At the end we give detail applications of our main results

In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized extended Laguerre-based Apostol-type-Bernoulli, Apostol-type-Euler and Apostoltype-Genocchi polynomials. These Apostol type polynomials are used to connect Fubini-Hermite and Bell-Hermite polynomials and to find new representations. We derive some implicit summation formulae and symmetric identities for these families of special functions by applying the generating functions.

Using the concept of Orlicz function and uncertainty theory, some new class of lacunary convergent sequences defined by Orlicz functions have been introduced with the lacunary convergence concepts in this paper. Some topological properties of the defined sequence spaces along with the inclusion relations have been investigated.

In this paper, we first obtain prove two new identities for the quantum integrals. Then we establish Trapezoid and Midpoint type inequalities for quantum integrals defined by Bermudo et al. in [3]. The inequalities in this study generalize some results obtained in earlier works © 2021 Hüseyin Budak. 2-s2.0-85100145777

This paper is aiming at obtaining weak solution for a bi-nonlocal fourth order elliptic problem with Navier boundary condition. Our approach is based on variational methods and critical point theory.

In this paper, we introduce and solve a new general p-radical functional equation Also, we investigate some stability and hyperstability results for the considered equation in 2-Banach spaces. In addition, we prove the hyperstability of the inhomogeneous p-radical functional equation

The aim of this paper is to introduce and solve the following pradical functional equation related to Drygas mappings f(√(p&x^p+ y^p ))+f(√(p&x^p+ y^p ))=2f(x)+f(y)+f(-y),x,y ∈R, where f is a mapping from R into a vector space X and p ≥ 3 is an odd natural number. Using an analogue version of Brzdȩk’s fixed point theorem [14], we establish some hyperstability results for the considered equation in non-Archimedean Banach spaces. Also, we give some hyperstability results for the inhomogeneous p-radical functional equation related to Drygas mappings f(√(p&x^p+ y^p ))+f(√(p&x^p+ y^p ))=2f(x)+f(y)+f(-y)+G(x,y)

In this paper, some subclasses of block graphs are considered in order to analyze Fiedler vector of its members. Two families of block graphs with cliques of fixed size, the block-path and block-starlike graphs, are introduced. Cases A and B of classification for both families were considered, as well as the behavior of the algebraic connectivity for particular cases of block-path graphs., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

In this paper, we consider a p-Laplacian eigenvalue boundary value problem involving both right Caputo and left Riemann-Liouville types fractional derivatives. To prove the existence of solutions, we apply the Schaefer’s fixed point theorem. Furthermore, we present the Lyapunov inequality for the corresponding problem.

A vertex (edge) irregular total k-labeling φ of a graph G is a labeling of the vertices and edges of G with labels from the set {1, 2, . . . , k} in such a way that any two different vertices (edges) have distinct weights. Here, the weight of a vertex x in G is the sum of the label of x and the labels of all edges incident with the vertex x, whereas the weight of an edge is the sum of label of the edge and the vertices incident to that edge. The minimum k for which the graph G has a vertex (edge) irregular total k-labeling is called the total vertex (edge) irregularity strength of G. In this paper, we are dealing with infinite classes of convex polytopes generated by prism graph and antiprism graph. We have determined the exact value of their total vertex irregularity strength and total edge irregularity strength.

In this paper we study the behavior of certain spectral properties of an operator T on a proper closed and T-invariant subspace W ⊆ X such that Tn(X) ⊆ W, for some n ≥ 1, where T ∈ L(X) and X is an infinite-dimensional complex Banach space. We prove that for these subspaces a large number of spectral properties are transmitted from T to its restriction on W and vice-versa. As consequence of our results, we give conditions for which semi-Fredholm spectral properties, as well as Weyl type theorems, are equivalent for two given operators. Additionally, we give conditions under which an operator acting on a subspace can be extended on the entire space preserving the Weyl type theorems. In particular, we give some applications of these results for integral operators acting on certain functions spaces.

A set S of vertices in a connected graph G = (V, E) is called a geodetic set if every vertex not in S lies on a shortest path between two vertices from S. A set D of vertices in G is called a dominating set of G if every vertex not in D has at least one neighbor in D. A set D is called a global dominating set in G if S is a dominating set of both G and Ḡ. A set S is called a geodetic global dominating set of G if S is both geodetic and global dominating set of G. A geodetic global dominating set S in G is called a minimal geodetic global dominating set if no proper subset of S is itself a geodetic global dominating set in G. The maximum cardinality of a minimal geodetic global dominating set in G is the upper geodetic global domination number Ῡg +(G) of G. In this paper, the upper geodetic global domination number of certain connected graphs are determined and some of the general properties are studied. It is proved that for all positive integers a, b, p where 3 ≤ a ≤ b < p, there exists a connected graph G such that Ῡg(G) = a, Ῡg +(G) = b and |V (G)| = p.

Let S be a commutative semiring with unity. The singular ideal Z(S) of S is defined as Z(S) = {s ∈ S | sK = 0 for some essential ideal K of S}. In this paper, we introduce the notion of total graph of a commutative semiring with respect to the singular ideal. We define this graph as the undirected graph T(Γ(S)) with all elements of S as vertices and any two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if x+y ∈ Z(S). We discuss various characteristics of this total graph and also characterize some important properties of certain induced subgraphs of this total graph.

Complex uncertain variables are measurable functions from an uncertainty space to the set of complex numbers and are used to model complex uncertain quantities. This paper introduces the statistical convergence concepts of complex uncertain sequences: statistical convergence almost surely(a.s.), statistical convergence in measure, statistical convergence in mean, statistical convergence in distribution and statistical convergence uniformly almost surely sequences of complex uncertain sequences defined by Orlicz function. In addition, Decomposition Theorems and relationships among them are discussed.

In this paper, the T -orbital ultrametric spaces are introduced and a fixed point theorem for sequentially bounded mappings is given. Our main result extends some known theorems for nonexpansive mappings. Examples are given to support our work.

Let G = (V,E) be a graph with p vertices and q edges. Consider an injection f : V (G) → {1, 2, 3, ..., pq}. Define f∗ : E(G) → {T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , ..., T q }, where T q is the q th triangular number such that f∗(e) = for all edges e = uv. If f∗(E(G)) is a sequence of consecutive triangular numbers T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , ..., T q , then the function f is said to be restricted triangular difference mean. A graph that admits restricted triangular difference mean labeling is called restricted triangular difference mean graph. In this paper, we investigate restricted triangular difference mean behaviour of some standard graph.

In this paper, we investigate some stability and hyperstability results for the following Cauchy-Jensen functional equation in 2-Banach spaces by using Brzdȩk’s fixed point approach.

The aim of this paper is to introduce and solve the following radical cubic functional equation Also, we investigate some stability results for the considered equation in Banach spaces.

We establish a general common fixed point problem for two pairs {f, S} and {g, T } of weakly compatibles selfmaps of a complete b-metric (X, d; s). These maps are satisfying a contractive condition defined by a class of implicit relations in five variables. This contraction unifies, in one go, several contractive conditions previously used in a set of recent papers dealing with fixed point or common fixed results for selfmaps of b-metric spaces. We provide an illustrative example.

In the present paper, by using the L p,q,n (x) functions, our methodology intertwine to yield the Theory of Geometric Functions and that of Special Functions, which are usually considered as very different fields. Thus, we aim at introducing a new class of bi-univalent functions defined through the (p, q)-Lucas polynomials. Furthermore, we derive coefficient inequalities and obtain Fekete-Szegö problem for this new function class.

A set S of vertices in a graph G is called a dominating set of G if every vertex in V (G)\S is adjacent to some vertex in S. A set S is said to be a power dominating set of G if every vertex in the system is monitored by the set S following a set of rules for power system monitoring. The power domination number of G is the minimum cardinality of a power dominating set of G. A dynamic coloring of the vertices of a graph G starts with an initial subset S of colored vertices, with all remaining vertices being non-colored. At each discrete time interval, a colored vertex with exactly one non-colored neighbor forces this non-colored neighbor to be colored. The initial set S is called a forcing set (zero forcing set) of G if, by iteratively applying the forcing process, every vertex in G becomes colored. The zero forcing number of G, denoted Z(G), is the minimum cardinality of a zero forcing set of G. In this paper, we obtain the zero forcing number for certain benzenoid networks.

Among the varius coloring of graphs, the concept of equitable total coloring of graph G is the coloring of all its vertices and edges in which the number of elements in any two color classes differ by atmost one. The minimum number of colors required is called its equitable total chromatic number. In this paper, we determine an equitable total chromatic number of splitting graph of Pn, Cn and K1,n.

The aim of this paper is to give a detailed account of a problema posed by P. Lescot regarding asymptotic commutativity degree of finite groups.

In this paper, we prove some fixed point theorems in b-metric spaces using subadditive altering distance function. Some of these results generalize many existing fixed point theorems for Kannan type mappings. The results are justified with suitable examples.

Let G be a group, let σ : G → G be an involutive automorphism and let χ 1 , χ 2 : G → C ∗ be two characters of G such that χ 2 (xσ(x)) = 1 for all x ∈ G. The aim of this paper is to describe the solutions f, g : G → C of the functional equation χ 1 (y)f (xy) + χ 2 (y)f (σ(y)x) = 2f (x)g(y), x,y ∈ G, in terms of characters and additive functions.

Distance is an important graph invariant that has wide applications in computing science and other fields of sciences. A topological index is a genuine number connected with compound constitution indicating for relationship of compound structure with different physical properties, synthetic reactivity or natural action. The Schultz and modified Schultz polynomials and their corresponding indices are used in synthetic graph theory as in light of vertex degrees. In this paper, the Schultz and modified Schultz polynomials and their corresponding indices for Mongolian tent graph, diamond graph and double fan are determined.

Let G be a group with identity e. Let R be a G-graded commutative ring and M a graded R-module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of graded 2-classical prime submodules. Various properties of graded 2-classical prime submodules are considered.

A zero-sum flow is an assignment of nonzero integers to the edges such that the sum of the values of all edges incident with each vertex is zero, and we call it a zero-sum k-flow if the absolute values of edges are less than k. We recall the zero-sum flow number of G as the least integer k for which G admitting a zero sum k-flow. In this paper we gave complete zero-sum flow and zero sum numbers for Octagonal Grid and Generalized Prism.

In this paper, we prove the existence of solutions for the nonlinear p(·)-degenerate problems involving nonlinear operators of the form − div a(x, ∇u) = f(x, u, ∇u) where a and f are Carathéodory functions satisfying some nonstandard growth conditions.

In this paper, we give some characterizations of the left and right generalized Drazin invertible bounded operators in Banach spaces by means of the single-valued extension property (SVEP). In particular, we show that a bounded operator is left (resp. right) generalized Drazin invertible if and only if admits a generalized Kato decomposition and has the SVEP at 0 (resp. it admits a generalized Kato decomposition and its adjoint has the SVEP at 0. In addition, we prove that both of the left and the right generalized Drazin operators are invariant under additive commuting finite rank perturbations. Furthermore, we investigate the transmission of some local spectral properties from a bounded linear operator, as the SVEP, Dunford property (C), and property (β), to its generalized Drazin inverse.

In this paper we have extended the notion of statistical limit point as introduced by Fridy to I-statistical limit point of sequences of real numbers and studied some basic properties of the set of all Istatistical limit points and I-statistical cluster points of real sequences including their interrelationship. Also introducing additive property of I-asymptotic density zero sets we establish I-statistical analogue of some completeness theorems of R .

Hermite processes are self-similar processes with stationary increments, the Hermite process of order 1 is fractional Brownian motion and the Hermite process of order 2 is the Rosenblatt process. In this paper we consider a class of time-dependent neutral stochastic functional differential equations with finite delay driven by Rosenblatt process with index H ∈ (1/2, 1) which is a special case of a self-similar process with long-range dependence. More precisely, we prove the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions by using stochastic analysis and a fixed-point strategy. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical result.

Let G be a simple undirected connected graph. In this paper, new upper bounds on the distance Laplacian spectral radius of G are obtained. Moreover, new lower and upper bounds for the distance signless Laplacian spectral radius of G are derived. Some of the above mentioned bounds are sharp and the graphs attaining the corresponding bound are characterized. Several illustrative examples are included., 21 pages, 6 figures

In this paper, we investigate the limit points set of essential spectrum of upper triangular operator matrices We prove that accσe(MC) ∪ W = accσe(A) ∪ accσe(B) where W is the union of certain holes in accσe(MC), which happen to be subsets of accσe(B) ∩ accσe(A). Also, several sufficient conditions for accσe(MC) = accσe(A) ∪ accσe(B) holds are given.

Let 𝒜 be the class of analytic functions f (z) with the normalized condition f(0) = f 0(0)−1 = 0 in the open unit disk U. Bymaking use of Ruscheweyh derivative operator, a new subclass 𝒜(β1, β2, β3, β4; λ) of f(z) ∈ 𝒜 satisfying the inequality for some complex numbers β1, β2, β3, β4 and for some real λ > 0 is introduced. The object of the present paper is to obtain some properties of the function class 𝒜 (β1, β2, β3, β4; λ). Also the radius problems of satisfies the condition is considered.

A mapping f : V (G) → {0, 1, 2} is called 3-product cordial labeling if |vf(i) − vf(j)| ≤ 1 and |ef(i) − ef(j)| ≤ 1 for any i, j ∈ {0, 1, 2}, where vf(i) denotes the number of vertices labeled with i, ef(i) denotes the number of edges xy with f(x)f(y) ≡ i(mod 3). A graph with 3-product cordial labeing is called 3-product cordial graph. In this paper we establish that switching of an apex vertex in closed helm, double fan, book graph K1,n × K2 and permutation graph P (K2 + mK1, I) are 3-product cordial graphs.

A vertex v of a graph G = (V,E) is said to ve-dominate every edge incident to v, as well as every edge adjacent to these incident edges. A set S ⊆ V is a vertex-edge dominating set if every edge of E is ve-dominated by at least one vertex of S. The minimum cardinality of a vertex-edge dominating set of G is the vertex-edge domination number γve(G) . In this paper we prove (γt(T)−ℓ+1)/2 ≤ γve(T) ≤(γt(T)+ℓ−1)/2 and characterize trees attaining each of these bounds.

Let G be a graph with p vertices and q edges and A = {0,2,4,···, q+1} if q is odd or A = {0,2,4,···,q} if q is even. A graph G is said to be an even vertex equitable even labeling if there exists a vertex labeling f : V (G) → A that induces an edge labeling f∗ defined by f∗(uv)=f(u)+f(v) for all edges uv such that for all a and b in A, |vf(a)−vf(b)|≤1 and the induced edge labels are 2,4,···,2q, where vf(a) be the number of vertices v with f(v)=a for a ∈ A. A graph that admits even vertex equitable even labeling is called an even vertex equitable even graph. In this paper, we prove that S(D(Qn)), S(D(Tn)), DA(Qm) ʘ nK1, DA(Tm) ʘ nK1, S(DA(Qn)) and S(DA(Tn)) are an even vertex equitable even graphs.

The concept of multiset is a generalization of Cantor set. In this paper we have attempted to generalize the concept of group in the multiset context and define multiset subgroup and studied some of their basic properties.

Let G be a group with identity e. Let R be a G-graded commutative ring and M a graded R-module. In this paper, we introduce and study a new topology on Cl.Specg(M), the collection of all graded classical prime submodules of M, called the Zariski-like topology. Then we investigate the relationship between algebraic properties of M and topological properties of Cl.Specg(M). Moreover, we study Cl.Specg(M) from point of view of spectral space.

In this paper, we first prove that every finite nonempty pseudo-ordered with a least element has the least fixed point property and the least common fixed point property for every finite commutative family of self monotone maps. Dually, we establish that a finite nonempty pseudo-ordered with a greatest element has the greatest fixed point property and the greatest common fixed point property for every finite commutative family of self monotone maps. Secondly, we prove that every monotone map ƒ defined on a nonempty finite pseudo-ordered (X, ⊵) has at least a fixed point if and only if there is at least an element ɑ of X such that the subset of X defined by {ƒn(ɑ) : n ∈ ℕ } has a least or a greatest element. Furthermore, we show that the set of all common fixed points of every finite commutative family of monotone maps defined on a finite nonempty complete trellis is also a nonempty complete trellis.

In this paper we extend the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy 𝘯-normed linear space (IFnNLS) to define an intuitionistic fuzzy n-normed algebra (IFnNA). We give a necessary and sufficient condition for an IFnNA to be with continuous product. Further, the concept of multiplicatively continuous product has been introduced and related results have been established. Illustrative examples have been provided in support of our results.