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In Sinaloa the vegetable and cucurbits production are important agricultural activities, so each year a high volume of chemicalinsecticides are applied to pest control that attack these crops. This paper present the main pests insects in the region, as wellas an analysis about effects of biorational insecticides on these pests. Was found that for control of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is used Neem oil 0.2%., for kill nymphs of Bactericera cockerelli Sulc. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) soursop Annona muricata L. (Annonales: Annonaceae) at doses of 2500-5000 mg/L., for Liriomyza trifolii Burgess (Diptera: Agromyzidae) neem seeds 2%., to Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) rapeseed oil at doses 920 g/L (2% v/v)., to Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) spinosad (Conserve®) 48-60 mg/L., and for Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) granular viruses (105 OBs/mL) combined with neem (DalNeem TM emulsifiable oil and NeemAzal TM -T/S at doses of 8 mg/L, everyone). The use of these products and the dose depends on the type of pest and crop. In general these products cause insect mortality greater than 95%, besides having low toxicity on natural enemies, so that these can be used individually or in combination in integrated pest control schemes against vegetable pests, and also for disease vectors insects in the northern of Sinaloa.

In Sinaloa the production of grains and vegetables is one of the most important in Mexico; however, farming activities is support on the use of high volume of chemical pesticides, which has been negative environment impact. This paper present a review of the main causes and effects of the excessive application of pesticides in major field crops, which result in the possibility of increase the risk of environment pollution in the soil, groundwater, and lagoons system. Also are present alternatives and regulation issues for the application, management and waste of chemical pesticides, as well asthe implementation of organic agriculture and use of biopesticides for the control of pests and diseases. The information reflected a high quantity of toxic substances from agriculture activities to the environment, so that the risk of pesticide residues to cause contamination in ground, systems lagoons and ground water is too high, for this reason is a just moment to conduct research, actions and implementation of more stringent regulatory issues in order to low the intake of these substances to the environment.

The flies species complex of corn, known as “stigma flies”, including the corn-silk fly, Euxesta stigmatias (Loew),Chaetopsis massyla (Walker) and Eumecosommyia nubila (Wiedemann), they have became an important pest problem in the state of Sinaloa. The damage is associated with decaying symptoms has severely affected the quality and yield of the crop. The objectives of this research project are to report sampling results on the presence of natural sources of biological control agents (parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogenic nematodes) with biological control potential capacity to manage the populations of this flies species complex. This research was conducted during the spring-summer growingseason of 2011. Samples where collected for eight continuous weeks during the corn cob development and maturation. The sampled corn variety was the hybrid Asgrow Garañon. We collected predominat two wasp species belonging to the order Hymenoptera, families Pteromalidae and Eurytomidae, which are parasites to the pupa stage of corn silk fly. In addition, a wasp from the genus Spalangia spp. The latter has shown a stronger natural parasitic effect of 47% on Euxesta stigmatias (Loew). We also observed a population of the pirate bug Orius insidiosus (Say) during the months of March-July, attacking several developmental stages of the fly. Soil samples where also processed to isolate and to identify populations of possible entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). Larvae of Galleria melonella L. where utilized as nematode traps. Populations of nematodes from three different sites where isolated from CIIDIR-IPN Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave and Maximiliano R. Lopez, all located in the Guasave. The isolated populations are included in the Rhabditidae family, genus and specie identification is still in progress. The natural enemies found have shown potential capacity to asseses them asbiological control agents on the corn flies complex.

In Sinaloa Mexico the presence of mosquitoes is a important health problem, and each spring-summer season appear several species which include: Aedes aegypti (Linneus), Anopheles albimanus (Wiedemann), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and black flies of the Simulidae family. The control of larvae and adults of these insects are usually performed with chemical insecticides, so the use of biorational insecticides for control of these insects is novel, due to that have low environment impact. The objective of this work is to give known to the different biorational insecticides and their biological effects (inhibitor, insect repellent, larvicide, adulticide), that can be used to combat to different development stages of these insects. As well as show the progress of a study on the effectiveness of neem extracts, garlic, cinnamon, albahaca and cypermethrin at low doses (0.25,0.5 and 1ml/L), for control of larvae and adults of black flies in the unicipality of El Fuerte, Sinaloa. By the mode of action, the biorational that can doing use for the control of theseinsects were: Spinosad, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) var. israeliensis for larvae control, Spinosad and Beauveria bassiana (Vuill.) for adults; as well as extracts of neem, garlic, cinnamon and albahaca for both stages. The preliminary results of the study showed that the effectiveness application in tourist sites, through aerial spraying of cypermethrin at low doses and the plants extracts, allow low the index of larvae and infestation of mosquitoes and blackflies, decreasing the discomfort caused by these insects in the place of study.

A general analysis of the potential use of natural enemies and biorational insecticides for control of main pests of corn in thestate of Sinaloa is presented. A discuss on their composition, dosage, toxicity and type of effect on beneficial organisms(natural enemies and pollinators) is too included. The work revealed that is possible implement the use of these natural enemies and products for the control of neonate larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm (J. E Smith) with Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) (Samson); against thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) using the nematodes Steinernema riobravis (Cabanillas and Poinar), S. feltiae (Filipjev) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) at doses of 10,000 IJ (4x10 ~ IJ/m); against the corn silk fly Euxesta stigmatias (Loew) encouraging the natural parasitism of Spalangia sp., while for the cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) can be with spinosad (soluble concentrate) at doses of 0.123 kg a. i, and to the corn earwormHelicoverpa zea (Boddie) using the analog of methoxyfenozide molting hormone (24%) at 144 mg of a. i/L. The biorational control agents that not affect significantly to the natural enemies were the nucleopoliedrosis virus SfMNPV and SeMNPV; N. rileyi and Isaria fumosorosea (Wize); Bacillus thuringiensis (Berlinier); the azadirachtin (neem) and parasitoids. In the case of products of chemical synthesis: Spinosad, oxymatrine and bifenthrin showed high rates of mortality in the control of corn pests, so these are considered as of high and moderate risk to Aphis mellifera (L.) bees, the methoxyfenozide presented relatively low toxicity to natural enemies. In general, biorational products have repellent effect on larvae and adults of these insects, inhibit feeding and induce molting, also causing deformities and impede the development and growth, too interfere with sexual intercourse and copulate, reducing the oviposition, as well as cause sterility of adults, so these may also constitute a risk to beneficial organisms. However, we concluded that these products are less toxic than chemical pesticides to nontarget organisms, which eventually will be used with less risk of environment contamination in the control of corn pest in theagricultural region of northern Sinaloa.

The practice of intensive farming in Guasave Sinaloa, Mexico, promotes the application of high amounts of fertilizer in vegetable crops and grains, nitrates are the best known inorganic contaminants, they pollute ground water, and are perhaps the ones of most health hazard. The concentration maximum of nitrates in drinking water recommended by the official Mexican standard (NOM) is 10 mg L-1 of N-NO, levels above this value should be of concern for their possibledetrimental effect on human health, mainly by reducing levels of oxygen in blood (methemoglobin). The main objective of this work is to analyze the levels of nitrates in drinking water in communities of Guasave Sinaloa. The analysis was performed using two methods: the Standard Test Methods for Nitrate Ion in Water and the Merckoquant Nitrate Analysis Method. The results show that nitrate concentrations in public drinking water networks and treatment plants is abovecritical levels (10 mg L-1 de N-NO3) in different communities; the highest concentration was in Bamoa Station (22.7 mgL-1 of N-NO), known for its horticultural activity with concentrations up to NOM-127-SSA1-1994.

The indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides and the problems that its cause to human health, agriculture and the environment is comment, this paper also present general aspects about of biopesticides, and their uses in the biological pest control. By the nature these can be safely used in a sustainable agriculture. An example is the use of botanical pesticides whose active ingredient are the terpenes, alkaloids and phenolics, these have insecticide effects for many agriculture pests; also its are less expensive, are biodegradable and safe for humans and the environment, however havelittle residuality. Microbial pesticides are being introduced successfully to pests control in important crops such as; coffee, sugar cane, beans and corn. These products contain bacteria, fungi, viruses or nematodes. However, few entomopathogenic agents have been developed as effective biocontrol agents, one of them is the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Berlinier) for control of armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) covering about 74% of the market,fungus 10% , viruses 5% and 11% others. Other upstanding case is the use of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo)against bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say). Biopesticides have shown that when are used properly in the biological pest control its favor the practice of a sustainable agriculture, with less dependence of chemical insecticides.

Geochemical exploration equipments to explore the contaminants and structures geological in the subsoil come from abroad are expensive and sometimes parts for replacement are not available in the market. So it is necessary design apparatus that meet cover these needs. To the monitoring of variations in salinity there is semi-automatic equipment, but it always has difficult to manage. However, is not equipment for the indirect study of salinity in the subsoil. In this work was design equipment for measurement the apparent resistivity in the subsoil, at same time allow know the salinity, as well as the detection of any pollutant in groundwater. For make it, was selected a design of earthing systems, with electronic hardware which were jointed for apply to subsoil a direct current (DC) through an array dipole-dipole and vertical electric sounding, with brass and stainless steel electrodes. In the earthing systems the electrodes were collocated in the equidistant line between the detectors of potential and current. A geometric factor (K), that depend on theelectrodes distance and direct current (I) injected in the electrodes A and B, was used for measure the potential difference between the electrodes M and N; after was calculate the resistivity point to point for obtain a subsoil tomography geoelectrical. The equipment was calibrated with minimum error (rms < 2%) whit respect to curves obtained in similar commercial equipment. On this situation, in this work was modernized and automated an equipment to determine thesalinity of the subsoil. The instrument was tasted in the micro basin Texcoco, State of Mexico, to define the environment geometry formed by alluvial or lake sediments from igneous rocks (andesites, rhyolites and tuffs vitreous or “tepetates”) which by its mineralogical composition allowed to the lateral resistivity be associate with free components trace from the aquifer: Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb or Zn and others. This method constitutes an advance in studies of environmental impact, especially for the monitoring of sites where the subsoil are in process of recovery.