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Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Disease / Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Passive exposure to cigarette smoke is an important public health problem and is considered to be one of the most important external factors negatively affecting the health of infants and children. Cars are an important environment for exposure to cigarette smoke. This study aimed to determine passive smoking with cigarette smoke in private cars in children of smoker and non-smoker families. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on parents who had children at the Antalya Atatürk Governmental Hospital (n = 524). The sample of the study consisted of 113 parents, whose children were 0-11 years of age, who voluntarily participated in the study and who had a private car. In the collection of the research data, the literature on the subject was searched and a form consisting of the descriptive characteristics of the families and questions related to the research topic was developed by the researchers. Results: Smoking frequency was found to be 31.0% for the mothers and 45.1% for the fathers. Most families (72.6%) declared that they did not give permission to smoke in the car when the children were present. According to their declaration, the percentage of smoker mothers who smoked in the car was 31.4 % and the percentage for the fathers was also 31.4%. The smoking mothers gave permission to other people to smoke in the car at higher rates than the smoker fathers (54.3% and 19.6%) (p<0.005). The less educated mothers and fathers smoked more in cars than the higher educated ones (p<0.05). Conclusion: Smoking mothers and fathers also smoked in the car and other people in the car were also more likely to smoke (p<0.005). The awareness of the families, especially smoker families, on exposure to tobacco smoke in cars with children should be increased. The families should develop rules banning smoking for themselves and the other adults traveling in their car with and without children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The child-parent relationship is associated with parenting behavior. The international variation in corporal punishment (CP) may be attributable to cultural differences in the acceptance of moral justifications. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of corporal punishment and to determine the relationship between the parents' point of view regarding CP and their punishment practices. Material and Methods: A referee state hospital and a referee university hospital in Ankara district were chosen to conduct face-to-face interviews with 502 parents. CP practices, perspectives, norms and attitudes were asked. A sample was not chosen for the study and parents accepting to be involved were administered the questionnaire. The power of the study was calculated as 0.76. Chi-square tests and means were calculated using SPSS 21.0 and a p value of 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: The rates of CP practice were 52.2% at the university and 55.1% at the government hospital. Lack of information, the education level and the cultural status of the family were related to CP practices (p<0.001). The psychological condition, traditions and customs, together with cigarette, alcohol and substance use at the family level were other factors related to CP practices. Conclusion: Parental use of CP was at high levels in those attending either hospital. The CP practice differences between the sample groups were related to family characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Youth knowledge and point of view about child right must be improved after the childhood period and when moving on to professional life. The aim of this study was to see the child rights (CR) knowledge difference among students between the onset and in the university years. Material and Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted with first and fourth grade students of nine universities in Turkey. The weighted sampling technique was used and 6.038 students were reached; Analyses were performed on answers from 5.221 students. Data were collected under observation using a questionnaire consisting of; sociodemographical features, sentences related to the Convention on the Risks of the Child (CRC) and health, participation and development. SPSS 15.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: In the study, 62.8% were first and 37.2% were fourth grade; 38.3% were attending education faculties, 35.2% faculties of arts and 26.5% medical faculties. The percentage of hearing about CRC was 61.0% in the first and 62.3% in the fourth grade. A lower percentage of faculty of science and arts students had heard of CRC at both first and fourth grades (p<0.05). The place of residence until 14 years of age and hearing about CRC were significantly related at the first grade (p=0.015) but this was not significant at the fourth grade (p=0.189). conclusion: Evaluation, discussion and knowledge of CR are very important. Parent education on CRC will help children adopt and practice the notion of rights in their lives. Education programs will positively affect university students' attitudes towards their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]