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I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. The preparation conditions and powder properties of cerium oxalates and derived oxide powders were investigated to obtain of high homogeneity and density (Th,Ce)O2 mixed-oxide pellets. For this purpose, Ce2(C2O4)3 nH2O was precipitated from cerium nitrate solutions with an excess of oxalic acid. Thermal decomposition of the Ce2(C2O4)3 nH2O powder was investigated and the conversion temperature to oxide was determined. The effects of different calcining treatments on the physical properties of the oxide powders were evaluated.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Natural circulation is an important passive heat removal mechanism for both existing and next generation light water reactors. Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (SBWR) is one of the advanced light water reactors that rely on natural circulation for normal as well as emergency core cooling. In this study, basic natural circulation characteristics of this reactor are examined on a flow loop that simulates the operation of SBWR. On this model, effect of system operating parameters on the steady state natural circulation characteristics inside the loop is studied via solving the transcendental equation for loop flow rate.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Chlordiazepoxide (CDZ) was labeled with I-131 and investigated its radiopharmaceutical potential as a benzodiazepine receptor agent. Iodogen was used as iodination agent. Labeling yields were determined by radio-ITLC (Instant Thin Layer Chromatography) and Paper Electrophoresis. Labeling yield was approximately 90%. Purification were performed by SepPak C-18 plus. Biodistribution studies were carried out by Albino Wistar rats. I-131 labeled Chlordiazepoxide which is the 62.2 GBq/mmol specific activity was administered by tail vein into the rats. Rats were sacrificed by ether narcotization at certain time intervals and the organs were removed. The brains were dissected into their components. Their activities were counted by a gamma counter. The activity per gram tissue was calculated and time activity curves were generated

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. The influence of neutron, electron and γ-radiation impact on the temperature dependence of kinetic parameters of monocrystal of solid solutions n-Bi(2)Te(3-x)Se(x) between 77-300 K temperature is investigated.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. The experimental data of a-particle elastic scattering on 7Li nuclei are investigated within the framework of optical model by using of phenomenological and microscopical potentials. For construction of microscopical potentials double folding model and cluster folding model were used. The reproducing of cross-sections increasing on backward angles is achieved by the contribution of heavy stripping mechanism in scattering cross-section.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Nature and mechanisms of threshold states in nuclear reactions are discussed, spectroscopy information that can be obtained with these phenomena studies is analyzed. The following situations in low-nucleon systems are considered: A = 10,7Li(t,p)9Li reaction near the threshold 7Li(t,n)9Be*(T=3/2), 7Li(3He,p)9Be reaction near the threshold 7Li(3He,n)9B(T=3/2); A=14, n B(t,p)13B reaction near the threshold n B(t,n)13C* (T=3/2), 10B e(α,p)13B reaction near the threshold 10B e(α,n)13C*(T=3/2). The results are reported o f quantum characteristics evaluation of 10Li neutron-unstable nucleus obtained trough the analysis o f threshold anomalies in 7Li(t,p)9Li reaction, and comparison with calculated and experimental reference data is shown. Performance of new experimental researches within this area is also discussed

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Sertraline [(IS- cis)- 4-( 3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-l,2,3,4 -tetrahydro - N-methyl-l-naphalenamine hydrochloride] is an antidepressant drug. It is presumed to be linked to its inhibition of central nervous system (CNS) neuronal uptake of serotonin (5-HT) receptors. Serotonin 5-HT1A receptors are prominently expressed in the CNS that binding sites are present various brain regions. The aim of this study is to label with 1-131 and investigate of its radiopharmaceutical potential. Sertraline was labeled with 1-131 by using iodogen method. Quality Controls were fixed by Radio-TLC and Electrophoresis Methods. Labeling yield was 85-90% and spesific activity was approximately 1.75 Ci/mmol. The purification of radioiodinated Sertraline was performed by Sep Pak C-18 plus and determined radiochemical purity over 99%. Biodistribution studies were carried out by male Albino Wistar rats. 1-131 labeled Sertraline was administered by intravenous injection into tail vein of the rats. The rats were sacrificed by ether narcotization at certain time intervals and the organs were removed. The whole brain was excised quickly and dissected into their regions. Their activities were counted by Cd(Te) detector equipped with RAD 501 Single Channel Analyzer Instrument. The percentage injected radioactivity per gram of tissue was calculated, and these data versus time curves were generated for organs and brain regions. Obtained results showed that 1-131 labeled Sertraline may be a promising radiopharmaceutical for investigation of serotonin 5-HT receptor functions of brain.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. A new approach in the analyses of deformed light heavy-ion reactions has been introduced to explain the experimental data. This new coupled-channels based approach involves replacing the usual first derivative coupling potential by a new, second-derivative coupling potential. This paper first shows and discusses the limitation of the standard coupled-channels theory in the case where one of the nuclei in the reaction is strongly deformed. Then, this new approach is shown to improve consistently the agreement with the experimental data: the elastic and inelastic scattering as well as their 90" and 180" elastic and inelastic excitation functions.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. The nuclear fuels of urania (UOV and 5% and 10% gadolinia (Gd203) containing U02 previously produced by sol-gel technique were coated with first boron nitride (BN) then boron (B) thin layer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and also by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques to increase the fuel cycle length and to improve the physical properties. From the cross-sectional view of BN and B layers taken from scanning electron microscope (SEM), the excellent adherence of BN onto fuel and B onto BN layer was observed in both cases. The behavior of fuel bumup, depletion of BN and B, the effect of coating thickness and also Gd203 content on the bumup performances of the fuels were identified by using the code WIMS-D/4 for Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) cores. The optimum thickness ratio of B to BN was found as 4 and their thicknesses were chosen as 40 pm and 10 pm respectively in both reactor types to get extended cycle length. The assemblies consisting of fuels with 5% Gd203 and also coated with 10 pm BN and 40 pm B layers were determined as candidates for getting higher bumup in both types of reactors.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. In this study, seven different (six of them with -N H and one of them with -NHSH side chain) peptides (Gly-l-Hystidine, Gly-l-Methionine, Gly-l-Tyrosine, Gly-Gly-l-Alanine, Gly-l-leucine amide, Gly-l-Glutamic acid, Gly-l-Gly-amide) were selected. For the positive control, tetraglycin (Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly) was chosen and for each of them, " mTc labeling studies have been performed using both direct and ligand exchange methods. Among these peptides, two of them (Gly-Gly-l-Alanine (GGA) and Gly-l-leucyl amide(GLA)) were labeled with the yields that were close to the USP acceptance criterions. Quality control has been performed by reverse phase HPLC analysis method with the use of a Beckman-Gold Radio-HPLC system. Latter on, radiopharmaceutical distribution and organ uptake characteristics of these peptides (" mTc-GGA and 99mTc-GLA) on rabbits were studied by using gamma camera imaging technique. Also, animal bio-distribution with GGA and inflammation imaging studies with GLA on rat models with sterile inflammation have been performed. Results indicated that in direct radio-labeling method developed for the small molecule peptides, labeling yields and retention times for " mTcGGA and " mTc-GLA radio-complexes were % 75.09 at 12 minute and % 74.20 at 17.5 minutes, respectively in reverse phase Radio-HPLC analysis. For the rest of the five peptides, direct and ligand exchange labeling methods were unsuccessful to produce a radio-labeled peptide that has an acceptable yield in terms of the radiopharmaceutical quality. Gamma camera imaging studies have indicated that both of the peptides ( " mTc-GGA and " mTcGLA) have demonstrated remarkable rapid blood clearance and dynamic discharge through kidneys. It is possible to say that based on the initial images and renogram data, dynamic kidney imaging can be obtained right after 30 minutes of the application and static kidney scintigrams can be taken by performing late imaging with " mTc-GGA radio-peptide complex. On the other hand, " mTc-GLA complex may have a potential use especially for very clear dynamic kidney and infection imaging studies. In bio-distribution study on rabbits, in terms of radio-peptide retention, the most important organ and body fluid samples were taken and then counted (first with collimated and then with non-collimated gamma camera counting system) with TENELLEC well type detector system. When compared to the other body organs, it was observed that kidneys showed the most active retention and the most of the applied radiopeptide were thrown out through urine. Also, In the infection imaging studies on mouse models with colitis using the same radio-labeled peptides, 99mTc-GLA proved to be more appropriate as indicated by the scintigrams.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. The understanding of scalar mesons is one of the key problems of strong interaction physics. The low-mass pion-pion data provide indications on the existence of a low-mass scalar δ meson, however the mass and the decay width of δ meson candidate is not well known. In this work, we calculate the coupling constant of δ meson to vector meson p and to photon by utilizing the experimental branching ratio of p0→ π+π-γ radiative decay as a function of mass and decay width of c-meson. We then calculate the decay rate of p0→ π0π0γ radiative decay using this coupling constant. Measurement of this branching ratio thus may be used to determine c meson parameters more precisely....

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. We analyze the photoproduction of co-meson on nucleons in order to understand the relative role of different possible threshold mechanisms. Therefore, we propose a set o f models with the different contributions of the exchange mechanisms which are equally good for the differential cross-section of γ+p→p+ω: pseudoscalar (π) and scalar exchanges (δ) in t-channel and the s+u nucleon term. We fit our model results to the experimental data about the differential crosssection in the energy ranges 1.4 GeV < E.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Water is a scarce resource in Mediterranean Countries. The optimal water requirement per capita is estimated to be around 1,700 m3/year; however, in many countries in West Asia, the available water was less than 500 m3/capita/year. The situation will deteriorate further during the next two decades as populations increase. Agriculture is the biggest user with about 80% of the renewable water resources used for irrigation. Traditional methods such as furrow, surface irrigations are highly inefficient: with only one-third of the applied water being transpired by the crops. Clearly, there is great need for improving the irrigation management. Recognising the potential use of nuclear techniques in fertigation studies, the IAEA implemented a Regional Technical-Cooperation Project during the period 1995-1998 with eight participating countries from Europe and the Middle East: Cyprus, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and United Arab Emirates. The main objective was to establish water balance and fertigation practices, using nuclear technique such as the soil moisture neutron probe and 15N-labelled fertilizers, with a view to improving crop production in arid and semi- arid zones. The objectives of this project are to compare the conventional fertilization method with N-fertigation, in 1) evaluating the recovery of N-fertilizer applied, 2) evaluating water use efficiency and estimate crop water requirements, 3) evaluating potential nitrate pollution. Results clearly showed the efficiency of fertigation in terms of water use, N fertilizer recovery and crop yields: fertigation is a very efficient technique for conserving both water and N fertilizer and increasing crop production. On average: 1) 42% of irrigation water saved under drip irrigation, 2) 42% increase in yield for fertigation compared with traditional fertilizer and water management practices, 3) 79% increase for irrigation water use efficiency based on crop yield.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Russian Federal Nuclear Center facilities for Spectroscopy investigation in the field of nuclear spectroscopy are described. Here are discussed basic properties of used radiation sources, facilities and technologies for target material production and manufacture of targets from rare, high-toxic or radioactive materials. Here are also reported basic features of complex detector systems and technologies for manufacture of scintillation detectors with special properties VNIIEF was founded as a weapons laboratory. The development of nuclear and thermonuclear bombs was followed by a wide complex of nuclear-physics investigations. Naturally, data on nuclear-physics properties of active and structure materials being part of nuclear weapons were of greatest interest. At the initial stage of work on the development of nuclear weapons the information on nuclear constants of materials including the most important neutron ones was rather scant. Data published in scientific literature had low exactness and were insecure. Results of measurements sometimes differed greatly by various groups of investigators. At the same time it was clear that, for example, a 1,5-times mistake in the fission cross-section could cause a several times mistake in the choice of uranium or plutonium mass, which is necessary for the bomb development. These circumstances determined importance of the nuclear-physics investigations. Demands on knowledge of process details occurring inside the nuclei conditioned by a problem of developing and improving of nuclear weapons and atomic power are rather limited. However, the further development of nuclear industry has proved a well-known point that this knowledge being accumulated forms a "critical mass" that leads to an explosive situation in the elaboration both of ideological and technological aspects of these problems. It is the tendency of inside development of "nuclear" science that has conditioned preparedness of knowledge about intranuclear processes for realization of new principles and technologies. In this case an essential point is not only a factual aspect of this knowledge but also methodical, material and apparatus preparedness and scientists with work experience in the present field of science. The organic combination of fundamental and applied investigations which are characteristic of VNIIEF has conditioned the scientists mobility and a high scientific level at the approach to solving of scientific and technical problems arising unexpectedly. At the very beginning the nuclear weapons specialists followed a well-known principle of Yu.B.Khariton "...It is necessary to know about a phenomena ten times more then it is required directly for immediate practical purpose use." In connection with it, I'd like to cite him again: "...no technical achievements would have been possible without intensive investigations in the field of fundamental science being performed at the same time without a close contact with academic institutes. It are fundamental investigations that serve as a basis for each serious step in the technique development." (Vestnik AN USSR.1983, N5, p.58-62). Though the main motive in forming of the nuclear research department at VNIIEF was production of nuclear-physics constants of materials needed for design and analysis of nuclear weapons tests, curiosity and enthusiasm of scientists involved into the present work made it possible to obtain at the same time a great body of information on nuclear spectroscopy. This information was essential for fundamental science: data on nuclear process mechanisms, quantum characteristics of atomic nuclei excited states, nuclei properties nearby stability boundaries, exotic nuclei and nuclear matter forms existence, et al. The performance of these investigations for the purpose of data securing on different nuclear processes specifying nuclear weapon operation required creation of corresponding experimental base. This conception for investigations in the field of nuclear spectroscopy usually implies radiation sources, detecting systems, apparatus and techniques supplying target manufacture. In the present paper we shall dwell upon those installations and technologies only, that have been developed either at VNIIEF or at its direct participation and which are specifically original and even unique.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Proton-ligand stability constants for some iodo and nitro derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline were determined by Calvin Bjerrum potantiometrical method. The stability constants of the corresponding chelates with U 02 (II), Th(IV) and Ce(III) were studied potentiometrically at 25 °C by applying Irving-Rossotti computing method. The complexes of the nitro-substituted ligands were less stable than the corresponding complexes of the unsubstituted ligands. The stability constants of metal-ligands depend on the ionic radii and ionic charge of metals and also they decrease with steric repulsions of the nitro groups.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. In both conventional high temperature and low temperature sintering techniques, hydrogen is used as sintering and reducing atmosphere to prepare uranium dioxide fuel pellets. It is well known that hydrogen is a dangerous gas to work with. In this work it was aimed to investigate the effects of low-level hydrogen concentration used in reducing atmosphere on micro structure of U0 2 fuel pellets produced by low temperature sintering. Different ratios of H2/Ar (0.1%H2+99.9%Ar, 0.5%H2+99.5%Ar, l%H2+99%Ar and 0%H2 (pure argon)) atmospheres were used as reducing atmosphere for 1, 2, 3 and 6 hours. It was determined that using very low-level hydrogen (1%) in reducing atmosphere prevents the formation of other oxides.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Developing and implementing safeguards against misuse of nuclear material and facilities has always been the Agency's main activities. Like the nuclear non-proliferation regime itself, the development of the safeguards system has been an evolutionary process. The first safeguards inspection was carried out in 1962 (in Norway). In the sixties, the basic concepts behind safeguards were developed (INFCIRC/26, adopted in 1961, for some of you it might still have a familiar ring) and the number of inspections and types of facilities inspected grew slowly. With the advent of INFCIRC/66/Rev. 2, a more complete, albeit limited, system of safeguards covering nuclear material, equipment and facilities emerged. But the quantum leap came, of course, wit the entry into force of the NPT. Today, the IAEA has 224 safeguards agreements in force with 140 States. Nearly all of these States are NPT States. In the Eurasia Region, particularly the Newly Independent States (NIS) significant achievements have been made in the Safeguards Implementation. States with nuclear activities have the SG Agreement in force. Some states are already signing the Additional Protocol and it is in force in two of these States in the NIS region. Much progress has been made in the area of nuclear material and accountancy through the IAEA Coordinated Technical Support Programme (CTSP). The programme was organized to co-ordinate the donor states activities and has been successful for the last seven years in providing assistance in the area of nuclear legislation establishment of the State System of Accountancy of nuclear material (SSAC) and other related areas. Improvement is still foreseen in these areas, particularly as more states in the region will be signing and implementing the Additional Protocols.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Gold is a valuable metal and also preferable materials for antique artefacts and some advanced technology products. It can be offered for the analysis of the gold as namely; neutron activation analysis, X-ray florescence technique, Auger spectroscopy, atomic absorption and wet chemistry. Some limitations exist in practice for these techniques, especially in the points of financial and applicability concepts. An advanced a practical technique is “gamma absorption technique” for the gold alloys. This technique is based on discontinuities in the absorption coefficient for gamma rays at corresponding to the electronic binding energies of the absorber. If irradiation is occurred at gamma absorption energy for gold, absorption rates of the red gold changes via the gold amounts in the alloy. Red gold is a basic and generally preferable alloy that has copper and silver additional of the gold in it. The gold amount defines as carat of the gold. Experimental studies were observed for four different carats of red gold; these are 8, 14, 18 and 22 carats. K-edge energy level of the gold is on 80 keV energy. So, Ba-133 radioisotope is preferred as the gamma source because of it has gamma energy peak in that energy. Experiments observed in the same geometry for all samples. Nal(Tl) detector and multichannel analyser were used for measurements. As a result of the experiments, the calibration curves could be drawn for red gold. For examine this curve, unknown samples are measured in experimental set and it can be determined the carat of it with the acceptability. So the red gold analysis can be observed non-destructively, easily and quickly by using the gamma absorption technique.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Neutron transport equation is simulated using parallel Monte Carlo method for deep penetration neutron transport problem. Monte Carlo simulation is parallelized by using three different techniques; direct parallelization, domain decomposition and domain decomposition with load balancing, which are used with PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) software on LAN (Local Area Network). The results of parallel simulation are given for various model problems. The performances of the parallelization techniques are compared with each other. Moreover, the effects of variance reduction techniques on parallelization are discussed

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. The aim of the study is to investigate the distribution of 137Cs activity levels in Turkish tea widely consumed in the Country in 2000. The results obtained from gamma radiometric measurements were shown that the avarage radiocesium level in marketing tea was 72 Bq/kg.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. The objective of present work is the estimation of Po-210 (polonium) content in the edible grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera, L.cv Sultana syn.) collected from Gediz plain in Western Turkey. Alaşehir District in Gediz plain is one of the most important wineculture region of Turkey. Grapevine leaves are important food material for Dolma in Turkish cuisine. Dolma is a name applied to such vegetables as grapevina leaves, cabbage leaves and green peppers stuffed groundmeat or spiked rice. Levels of Po-210 in the grapevine leaves had not been analyzed before in Turkey. In this study, after wet ashing of grapevine leaves, Po-210 was spontaneously plated onto a copper disc from dilute hydrochloric acid medium and deposited activity was measured. The results for Po-210 in the grapevine leaves are compared with the other foodstuff values in the literature.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. All kinds of radioactive wastes including spent nuclear fuel have to be managed with special care to ensure public and environmental safety. Therefore any country including the nuclear energy option in its energy policy has to provide an appropriate program for the safe treatment and final disposal of spent nuclear fuel, which is an unavoidable product of nuclear power plants. Temporary storage is the essential step of all alternatives of spent fuel management and inevitable final step is the geological disposal. Therefore any national policy regarding spent fuel management must include short term and long term planning for the safe storage of spent nuclear fuel including final disposal in geological repository. Available alternatives for the spent fuel management are (1) the closed fuel cycle, (2) the oncethrough fuel cycle, (3) deferral of a final decision. The resources that are available to the country concerned will be the limiting conditions for establishing a national policy and the choice of the one of the above stated alternatives. Nuclear infrastructure, personnel training availability and relative cost of spent fuel alternatives are the main resources to be considered. In this study, national policy considerations regarding spent nuclear fuel management will be discussed and a frame of the spent fuel management strategy for Turkey will be proposed for back-end of fuel cycle in nuclear scenario

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. The passive containment cooling condensers (PCCC) are the crucial part of several new reactor designs, like European Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR) and the SBWR. In a hypothetical accident, the pressurised steam non-condensable mixture from drywell is condensed in PCCCs, and condensate is returned to reactor vessel while non-condensable is vented through wetwell. In this study, in order to examine the performance of PCCCs, condensation with presence of noncondensable is investigated. Condensation with different noncondensable types and conditions is studied on a PCCC model, which is developed by using RELAP5 Mod3.2 computer code

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye. Formation of (3-FeSi2 layers on Si was performed by high-dose Fe+ implantation into Si (100) at 300 K followed by pulsed ion beam treatment (PIBT) of nanosecond duration on implanted layers. It is shown that PIBT leads to the formation of a mixture of two phases (FeSi and β- FeSi2) with a strained state of the silicide crystal lattice. Subsequent short-time thermal annealing at 800°C for 20 min results in the decrease of lattice strains and in the complete transformation of the FeSi phase into the β-FeSi2 phase with the production of a highly textured layer with [110] orientation. The results of the optical absorption measurements indicate the formation of a direct band gap structure with the optical gap Eg~0.83 eV.

I. Avrasya Nükleer Bilimler ve Uygulamaları Konferansı : 23-27 Ekim 2000. İzmir, Türkiye.