Search

This research was carried out in 1995-97, in Erzurum ecological conditions, in order to study the effects of different seeding rates (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 seeds/m2) and cutting times (at shooting, boot, heading and flowering stages) on hay yield and quality. The effects of seeding rates on fresh and dry hay yields, crude protein content and crude protein yield were significant while P, Ca, Mg, K, and ash contents and tetany value were not significant, based on the research. According to cutting times, all characteristics examined showed significant differences. Delayed cuttings applied at the flowering stage reduced fresh and hay yields (compared with boot stage and heading) and quality (compared with shooting, boot stage and heading). It was concluded that autotetraploid perennial rye should be cut at the heading stage to obtain high quality hay yield, when sown in 30 cm spaced rows and 400 seeds/m2 (6.4 kg/da) under Erzurum and similar ecological conditions.

In this study, some cytological characters of orchardgrass were examined naturally growing in Erzurum. Plants assessed for their chromosome number were tetraploid (2n=28). In metaphase I stage the most prevalent pairing was bivalents (avg. 8.37). This was followed by quadrivalent (avg. 2.81), univalent (avg. 0.04) and trivalent (avg. 0.015) pairings. All combinations of bivalents and quadrivalents were recorded. In most of anaphase l cells examined chromosomes distribution to poles were even (14: l4), however some cells had laggings and bridges. In addition, 95. 17% of observed tetrads had no micronucleus.

In this study, morphology of chromosomes was determined via karyotype and idiogram analysis in Nutria 7272 line of hexaploid (2n=42) triticale obtained from CIMMYT. On the bases of the presence or absence of satellites and the arm ratio, the chromosome complement was divided into four groups; satellited, median, submedian and subterminal chromosomes. Of the 42 chromosomes present in Nutria 7272 karyotype, 4 were satellited, 14 median, 18 submedian and 6 subterminal. The chromosome length and the arm ratio were 4.844 m (M7) - 8.066 m (SM1) and 1.091 (M7) - 2.125 (SM1), respectively. The satellite length of SAT1 and SAT2 chromosomes were 0.878 and 0.823 m, respectively.

In this study, the pollen germination rate, pollen viability, pollen size, pollen production and anther length of rye (S. cereale L.) and the diploid and tetraploid of perennial rye (S. montanum Guss.) populations were examined. The highest pollen germination rate was obtained in 30 % sucrose, 5 ppm boric acid and 10 ppm calcium nitrate solution with all specimens. Furthermore, the lowest pollen size (length: 18.92 mm; width: 15.26 mm), pollen production per anther (19982) and anther length (7.39 mm), but the highest pollen germination rate (40.48 %) and pollen viability (94.93 %) were observed in diploid perennial rye.

This study was carried out under greenhouse conditions from March 1995 to August 1996. The effects of cutting frequency and height on hay yield and quality were investigated. In this research, 2 ploidy levels (diploid and tetraploid), 3 cutting frequencies (4, 6 and 8 week intervals) and 3 cutting heights (0, 5 and 10 cm) were investigated and analyzed in three factorial completely randomized design. In diploids, tiller numbers per plant were higher than that of tetraploids, whereas green and hay yields, the percentage and yield of crude protein were lower than that of tetraploids. There were no significant differences between diploid and tetraploid ryes for the percentages of Ca, Mg, K and P. Cuttings from ground level (0 cm) and lower intervals (4 week) significantly decreased tiller numbers per plant, plant growth speed, green and dry hay yields and crude protein yield. As cutting height increased, the percentages of Ca, Mg, K and P also increased. The longer cutting intervals increased the percentages of Ca and Mg, and but decreased the percentages of K and P.