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It has been ascertained that participatory processes did not involve learning component from both agency and water users’ association for institutional and technical sustainability. The overall process of participation was superficial. There was a need of participation that underscored the empowerment of WUA with accountability. As Vermillion (2005) shares that empowerment with partnership is an emergent institutional paradigm for the irrigation sector development that places water users in the role of irrigation system governance, and government in the roles of regulator and provider of support services. There is a need to re-train the irrigation staff on the emergent institutional paradigm to empower the water users. For the empowerment with accountability, water users are to be provided enough institutional strengthening. There is the need to promote user-agency relationship positively and develop faith and confidence of the users and agency in the regime of transparency. Social scientists point out potential benefits of building successful local organizations. These benefits, for the local people, are in aspects such as empowerment, confidence-building, forming social capital, and reduction of dependency. Given the fact that participation is a process, it cannot be achieved in a short span of time with little institutional inputs. Sustainability of the management transferred irrigation systems/sub-systems definitely hinges on the broad-based and inclusive participatory processes. Keywords: participation; sustainability; management transfer; social capital and empowerment DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4512 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.41-64

It has been ascertained that participatory processes did not involve learning component from both agency and water users' association for institutional and technical sustainability. The overall process of participation was superficial. There was a need of participation that underscored the empowerment of WUA with accountability. As Vermillion (2005) shares that empowerment with partnership is an emergent institutional paradigm for the irrigation sector development that places water users in the role of irrigation system governance, and government in the roles of regulator and provider of support services. There is a need to re-train the irrigation staff on the emergent institutional paradigm to empower the water users. For the empowerment with accountability, water users are to be provided enough institutional strengthening. There is the need to promote user-agency relationship positively and develop faith and confidence of the users and agency in the regime of transparency. Social scientists point out potential benefits of building successful local organizations. These benefits, for the local people, are in aspects such as empowerment, confidence-building, forming social capital, and reduction of dependency. Given the fact that participation is a process, it cannot be achieved in a short span of time with little institutional inputs. Sustainability of the management transferred irrigation systems/sub-systems definitely hinges on the broad-based and inclusive participatory processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains the significance of the interpretive approach in the regime of qualitative research which underscores the search of the meanings in human cultures and subjectivities in the human behavior. Its overall emphasis has been on the processes, stages, and goals of conventional ethnographic research, qualitative data analysis and their presentation in the academic and professional reports. However, the theoretical analysis has been heavily influenced by "positivism" and hence, it has failed to address many of the issues emerged in the regime of contemporary qualitative research approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the perceptions and practices of the societies of Nepal towards women, giving particular focus on the issues of gender relations and the status of widow women. It defines the concept of both women, which are pointed out to be inferior to men, and single women, which are referred as those who deserted their husbands, divorced, widowed, and unmarried until the age of 35. The concept of marriage, husband, and being a widow are also analyzed, arriving at several implications and tough circumstances of widowhood. Also taken into consideration are the code of conducts prescribed for women including the dress and color code and the behavior code. It is concluded that perceptions and practices in Nepal societies towards women blocks women's happiness and existence.

The article discusses various articles published within the issue including one by Om Gurung on the issue of social inclusion in Nepal, another by Jailab Rai on the subjectivities of landlessness of the Sarki people from Naubise VDC of Dhading District in Nepal, and one by Keshav Kumar Shrestha on the ethnography of the Rajbanshis, an indigenous group from eastern Terai in Nepal.

The article discusses the implications of migration in the management of irrigation systems in the Tharu community of western Terai in the borders of India and Nepal. The trends and causes of the migration which sparked the intensification of management in the local water resources for irrigation are examined in four perspectives namely economic-behavioral, eco-demographic, anthropological-sociological, and Neo-Marxist dependency. It is suggested that migration brought up problems in the irrigation systems in the community of Tharu but it also contributed positive implications which include development of formal democratic irrigation organizations, codification of the traditional irrigation regulations, and the construction of stable outlet structures for water division among people.

This paper explains the significance of the interpretive approach in the regime of qualitative research which underscores the search of the meanings in human cultures and subjectivities in the human behavior. Its overall emphasis has been on the processes, stages, and goals of conventional ethnographic research, qualitative data analysis and their presentation in the academic and professional reports. However, the theoretical analysis has been heavily influenced by "positivism" and hence, it has failed to address many of the issues emerged in the regime of contemporary qualitative research approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains the significance of the interpretive approach in the regime of qualitative research which underscores the search of the meanings in human cultures and subjectivities in the human behavior. Its overall emphasis has been on the processes, stages, and goals of conventional ethnographic research, qualitative data analysis and their presentation in the academic and professional reports. However, the theoretical analysis has been heavily influenced by "positivism" and hence, it has failed to address many of the issues emerged in the regime of contemporary qualitative research approach. Key Words: Qualitative; ethnographic; positivism; interpretive; subjectivity; analysis and presentation. DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v3i0.2782 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.3 2009 83-122

This is an overview paper based on the contemporary literature available in the regime of forest and pasture as common property resources. The analysis has underscored the role of local institutions and organizations for the sustainable management of forest and pasture as common property resources. The paper concludes that farmers of Nepal have developed and used the organizational and institutional mechanisms for the sustained management of these resources by ensuring social equity. Understanding the ingredients of indigenous resource management systems can have a bearing on developing appropriate national policies aiming at ensuring the sustainability of the future programs of Nepal.Key Words: Institution, organization, indigenous, traditional, common property, sustainable, social equity, participation, etc.DOI = 10.3126/dsaj.v2i0.1357Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.2 pp.31-64