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Highlighting the potential of the social, educational, cultural, economic and physical media on rural communities seemed a gesture of great responsibility to entrust this potential to teachers, particularly primary school teachers in some geographical areas from Braşov, Covasna and Buzau counties. The investigations conducted in the field belong mostly to an inductive qualitative-interpretative paradigm and the results show the mentality and lifestyle which locals have in this area, within the social and community context and which actually define the traditional rural culture in the Romanian villages from the mentioned areas. All these elements were amplified by writing and implementing school-decision optional courses which we can generically call spatial and temporal landmarks of a „Geography education" of the rural South -- East of Transylvania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights a series of forms of community participation in the case of a Romanian rural community that has a welldefined cultural identity and carries out numerous activities aimed at creating cultural vitality. The main purpose of the paper is to highlight a series of data and reflections derived from the field research carried out over the past years using the ethnographic method, as well as to interpret research data on the basis of a theoretical model developed by Mataritta-Cascante and Brennan (2012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a survey administered to 1640 respondents from Romania and the Republic of Moldova in which a number of determinants have been taken into consideration like gender, age, education and COVID-19 exposure, verifying their association with attitudinal compliance. This notion has been conceptualized as agreement to prevention measures and willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine. The results show a poor association with gender, but a more noticeable one with age and education. Direct exposure to the virus (personal contamination or loss of family member) did not seem to associate with higher levels of attitudinal compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Constitutional control in Romania implies the obligation of the courts to apply the decisions of the Constitutional Court and may involve the disciplinary sanctioning of judges for non-compliance with these decisions. Some judges considered that this mechanism may affect their independence, especially if the EU law may come into conflict with the decisions of the Constitutional Court. Our paper highlights that a proper understanding of the constitutional control underlines the essential role of the Constitutional Court for the protection of the democratic state and of the values of the European Union through its dialogue with the CJEU and with the national courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research presented is based on a series of educational experiments spanning 4 years, conducted in rural communities in Southern Romania with students of various ages in primary and secondary schools. The objective was to evaluate teaching and learning approaches in context using mobile devices and interactive and adaptive learning applications. The paper presents results and discusses different problems of the psychology of learning enhanced by modern technologies. Thus, the paper evaluates the research hypothesis that an educational approach of teaching and learning in a familiar context - local site or landscape - by overlapping familiar notions with new notions represents an important psychological factor likely to enhance the results of the process of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Constitutional Court of Romania carries out the control of the constitutionality of the laws and ordinances of the government and pronounces decisions that have a binding effect erga omnes. Within the constitutionality control, a special position is occupied by the EU law. In our paper we will focus on the interferences that may arise between the national norm, the EU law and the national Constitution, from the perspective of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and the principle of priority of the EU law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of qualitative research in terms of supervision in social work organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected by applying an interview guide, to which 22 social workers responded. The results of the research refer to how the measures taken during the pandemic affected social workers. It is also presented to what extent the supervision done within the organizations responded to the needs of social workers in this period of crisis. This research confirms the fact that supervision is an indispensable activity in social work organizations, especially in Romania, where, as a professional activity, it is still in the beginning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a competitive world, where information is accessible and continually increasing, authentic learning has become more than ever a necessity for the development of humankind. Apart form being beneficial for everyone in a distant future, it is also valuable for the "here and now" of each person. The present paper proposes the discovery of viable solutions for ensuring a profound learning based on versatile competences and thus indicates the spiral curriculum as such solution. Hence, this paper's aim is not only to identify how the spiral curriculum operates in practice, but also to underline its benefits when it comes to planning the competencies' attainment, a process not deprived of difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the impact of family budget on children outcomes, making a synthesis of different studies. I have identified the main dimensions used in research on the family budget. The paper highlights the main effects of family financial strategies, both the effective and the dysfunctional ones. The fact that poverty generates poor cognitive, behavioural and health outcomes on children is emphasized. I also provide new directions for future studies on Romanian family budget, allocated for children expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how a city that seems to have had a great potential to develop more complex associations, being, the city where the first Romanian school developed and which later offered the first printing house in Romania, the first grammar in Romanian (and many other "first" objects of culture), is associated almost exclusively with an (especially) extrinsic feature - that of the beauty of nature and, only centrally, the beauty of the old city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore an uncharted topic in Romanian social work literature: the social perception of tattoos in future social workers. Romanian and international research literature is briefly reviewed to get an understanding of social perceptions about tattoos as they are associated with marginalized groups traditionally served by social workers, such as victims of human trafficking, people deprived of liberty, and people with substance abuse. We then aim to explore social work students' perceptions about tattoos, and the attitudes elicited by such perceptions in encounters with social work beneficiaries. An exploratory research project was conducted with social work students in their 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of study at West University of Timisoara, Romania regarding students' social perception of tattoos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the particularities of the cultural centers specialized in teaching the Japanese language and culture. Thus, the study begins with a brief presentation of the cultural centers and the legal conditions for their establishment and operation. It highlights the role of these centers, generating non-formal education, in completing the formal education specific to the compulsory education system and in carrying out the permanent education programs. The applicative part, respectively the concrete contribution through this work, consists in presenting the particularities of the Japanese Cultural Center in the city of Brasov-Romania including collected and analyzed data reflecting the past and current situation of this center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares the university education system in three countries: the Russian Federation, the Republic of Moldova and Romania. Even though they are part of different geo-political and cultural spaces, the three states have important similarities in higher education. In all three countries processes of university education reform have been carried out to modernize and adapt to the demands of globalization and the new communication society. Also, the relation to the trends and contents of European higher education has been and remains a constant of the managerial activity of education ministries and of other institutions with educational attributions. At the same time, there are differences between the higher education systems of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Moldova and Romania, which come from the specifics of their evolution so far, but also from the society in which they operate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study conducted with 83 Romanian elementary school teachers about their representations of Financial Education (FE) and the importance of teaching it in school. The teachers responded to an online survey about their perceptions and their needs to teach Financial Literacy (FL). The preliminary results show that most of the teachers recognize the importance of learning FL. Their rationale for the importance of financial education in schools range from rational arguments, to citizenships arguments with sociocultural arguments in between. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper begins with a short incursion into the origin and evolution of action research as a form of knowledge and of specific intervention in organisations and communities. It proceeds then to reveal the interferences with the participative research and with the classical research technique of findings restitution, towards the goal of organisation and community change promotion. Some success stories are then presented: that of Xerox, of the Mondragón-Cornell project, of Pasmore and Friedlander project and, from Romania, that of the Alba Iulia Local Community Barometer 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims at challenging the theory of "culturally responsive teaching" (Gay, 2002), laying stress on the importance of the cultural iconicity of the language and civilisation taught. The paper comes as a result of the authors' extensive experience in teaching Romanian as a foreign language to expats, and draws on the conclusions of not only firsthand classroom work, manuals and syllabus design, but also on the data collected from a number of questionnaires filled in by the participants in the summer language school organised by The Romanian Cultural Institute annually, as well as from the feedback provided by these students at long distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the theme of the Roma population's education, presenting the premise from which the European educational policies start, the specific problems to the Roma population's access to education and the solutions highlighted in the recent literature. In the latter part of the paper, there is presented a case study in Racoş commune, Braşov county, Romania, where a Roma community lives in conditions of extreme poverty. The research emphasizes solutions identified at a local level, in order to raise the Roma children's participation in the educational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short paper we intend to examine the processing of personal data by the Romanian public administration authorities from the perspective of its lawfulness under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We will argue that the processing of personal data in violation of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 provisions for the purpose of issuing administrative acts by public authorities can affect not only the lawfulness of the latter, but such infringements lead also to the erosion of the concept of good administration, one of the key factors being that the Romanian Law 190/2018 on implementing measures for GDPR doesn't allow the possibility of imposing a contravention fine on public authorities when finding a GDPR infringement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews a series of results from several territorial attachment and pride surveys. Territorial pride is seen as a direct expression of territorial attachment. The core of the data was collected in two surveys administered in the city of Alba Iulia, Romania in 2012 and 2016. Some common conclusions have been stated at the end of the study. They refer to several predictors of territorial attachment like gender, level of education etc., as well as to the connection between attachment and the critical spirit of the inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at outlining the basic international trends in designing the school curriculum for pupils with disabilities and/or special educational needs, in comparison with the existing situation in Romania, in the context of inclusive education. The main question - categorical or individual planning of the curriculum (mainly understood here as a formal curriculum) - is answered after analysis from international and Romanian sources, in three languages. Individual educational planning (programming) seems to be very much recommended and used, particularly in USA and Europe, in contrast with the Romanian legislation and practice which are favoring the categorical approach - based on the type and degree of the disability. More research and evaluation is necessary in order to document the changes needed - both at the general schools and special schools level - towards a more individualized (personalized) approach in designing the curriculum content for such pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on designing and implementing an individual resource-based intervention on education specialists in Romania, based on Hochshild's emotional labour model (Hochschild, 1983) and Gross' process model of regulating emotions (Gross, 1999). The main objective was that of training individual emotion management skills to reduce emotional effort and turnover intentions and to increase job satisfaction of employees. The paper presents the structure of the intervention and discusses the efficacy of the training program reported to stated objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents directions to investigate distributive justice preferences in Romania, at national and regional level. Based on previous findings, it was hypothesized that belonging to one of the six major cultural-historical Romanian regions (Moldavia, Transylvania, Wallachia, Banat, Dobruja, Oltenia) may affect the preference for a fairness principle. The expectation is that people from Western Romania will prefer to a greater extent an equity-based allocation model, while people from Southern and Eastern parts of the country will prefer a distribution pattern with equality as a stronger predictor. A factorial survey design to investigate distributive justice in Romania is presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims at drawing attention to a social problem in Romania, namely the health state of the population. In order to diagnose and to define the magnitude of this problem it is necessary to examine the indicators of the population health condition comparatively with those of other world states, and this matter is the objective of the present paper. At first there will be presented a synthesis of the main categories of indicators which can be used to analyze this problem and then the practical utility of every indicator type will be highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are going to present the correlation between the rate of tolerance in Romanian society and the integration of the students with disabilities, students with an economically disadvantaged background and those belonging to different minorities within Romanian system of public schools. It is a comparative study taking into account the same phenomenon in US public schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal-oriented learning motivation is one of the key factors underling teaching and learning sequence, as different type of goals lead to differences in effort investment for achieving task in students. Analysing the data from a large sample (N=1875) of Romanian students and from a sample of Romanian teachers (N=190), the current paper discusses the psychometric qualities of an instrument built to assess the concept. Results shows a three factors structure (learning, social approval and avoidance goals), with good reliability for the first and the second factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview is presented of issues relevant for cross-cultural research in Romanian psychology. It is first observed that Romania is not well presented in large-scale cross-cultural studies such as studies on (workrelated) values and that the scarce data do not present a consistent picture. The paper then continues by presenting relevant topics for the fledgling cross-cultural research in psychology in Romania. The first is the need to go beyond the emic--etic dichotomy; the second is the seemingly ubiquitous presence of response styles in self-reports in cross-cultural studies; the third refers to acculturation psychology. It is concluded that cross-cultural psychology is relevant for three domains in cross-cultural psychology in Romania: the place of Romania in the psychological map of the world, Romanians in the Diaspora, and diversity (multiculturalism) within Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a research initiated in the period 2014-2015 at a rural school in Constanta, Romania. The research pursued achievement an investigation on the correlation between learning styles and academic performance of students. The research revealed the following: the student acquires information, interacts with the colleagues and the teachers, participates actively in solving of the various learning tasks, if used two or all learning styles. The teacher, as an educational advisor, has an important role in identifying educational experiences to optimize students' learning opportunities. The small group of subjects is an evident shortcoming of this research, but we intend to extend it to a larger number of subjects, from a greater number of schools, both rural and urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper presents the institution of unpredictability, one of a great impact within the actual economic context, introduced by the 2011 Romanian Civil Code. Before the coming into force of the present Civil Code, there was no general regulation within this area as the previous regulations contained only few particular ways of applying this theory. The need to regulate this theory was generated by the fact that, while a contract is in effect, the circumstances that existed when the parties concluded it, could suffer substantial changes and, as a result, it needs to be adjusted. The regulation of this institution should be regarded as a step forward, not an impediment, both theoretical and practical in its application by the court. It is without doubt in the context of the economic crisis, this institution had to find its legislative consecration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To recognise through constitutional provisions the enforcement of the principle of separation and balance of powers, whether expresis verbis, or by interpreting those provisions which refer to this principle, is not enough to understand the notion of executive. Moreover, throughout time, the legislator has not been constant in using only one specific terminology. This is the reason why, in this paper, we tried to pinpoint the terminology concerning the executive used by the Romanian legislator in the relevant regulations of the 19th century, as well as in the constitutional ones in the 20th century, but only in those up to the 1948 Constitution of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent years, a series of studies on the evaluation of television content were published. The results lead to a multitude of health consequences including on a psychological and educational level. This paper investigates the Romanian entertainment domination, the producers being interested in public attraction and sensitive to their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the increased public awareness of the seriousness of corruption and the signals from the international community, Romanian society has done some progress in this direction but the Corruption Perception Index situates the country on an inferior position among UE countries. This paper analyses the phenomenon in peculiar circumstances, related with the GDP and poverty level. We verified the relationship between GDP and CPI in Romania - a country with an important level of poverty in general and on the labor market in particular. A high rate of economic growth, associated with a high degree of employment intensity, is a necessary condition in the reduction of poverty and implicitly, of corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper summarizes a preliminary research part of a boarder project of studying identitary transformations in the last decades in Romanian Roma communities. We supposed these transformations are influenced by the change of the general political and economic frame, and, particularly, by the integration of the country in the European Union. Starting from the general question "what has changed in your lives during the last years?" 27 in-depth interviews with Roma ethnics were focused on four main themes: identitary values, relationship with the authorities, Europe's image and the expectations towards the European institutions, and opinions on personal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports a study conducted with Romanian employees (N = 319) designed to identify the perception on inputs and outcomes, as defined by equity theory. The results showed that Romanian employees consider that personal features as correctness and seriousness or taking responsibility are the most important contributions for which is expected a just reward. Job security, respecting employee rights and appreciation of direct supervisor are the main rewards expected in return for contributions. Practical implications of the findings, along with limitations and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I present a synthesis of some fundamental works in the field of social networks and try to highlight key concepts, propositions and methodological elements that make up the foundation of this approach to social realities. In the first part I present the main propositions of the relational paradigm as a distinct paradigm in sociology. In the second part I show which were the first attempts to study the society in relational terms. The last part of the paper highlights the operational concepts most frequently used in social network analysis. The main reason for writing this article comes from poor use of this approach in the Romanian sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of packaging and packaging waste, a component of the environmental protection strategy, determined the development of rules at the European Union level since 1975. The diversification of packaging types and the increase in the amount of waste required finding new ways to improve waste management. For this, however, it is necessary to ensure an effective selective collection of packaging waste, and not only that. This article presents the new challenges of the guarantee-return system in Romania from the perspective of the obligations imposed on economic operators in the collection, transport and recycling of packaging subject to this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the topic of road safety in the area of educational units, respectively the effect of road traffic. The aim of the study is to clearly highlight the causality between road accidents involving children as victims and road systematization. To achieve our main objectives, we used as a research method the analysis of documents: Road Accident Database, an application of the Romanian Police in which all traffic incidents registered in Romania are implemented, according to the criteria of Mehedinti County, student quality, road category (national, county, communal), the location of the school unit in the vicinity of the public road and the production of the traffic incident. One of the factors that decisively influences the quality of road traffic, therefore, implicitly the risk in traffic, is the public road network. The specialized studies, as well as the available international statistics, show that the main categories exposed to the risk of road accidents resulting in deaths and serious injuries are: pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and mopeds, in other words, the category known in specialized practice as "the most vulnerable traffic participants". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence in the field of work for the young graduates of vocational school is less studied in Romania. The present study is a longitudinal one and captures the evolution of the perception of the students of a dual vocational school about career and profession from the beginning of schooling until before graduation, given that this generation of students studied more online due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition to the differences in perception between the two rounds of questionnaires, the study also presents the situation of professional insertion of this generation, three months after the completion of professional studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social anxiety is one of the anxiety disorders that strongly interferes with daily life, having a high prevalence rate among the general population. Although it has a vast number of untoward side effects, it is well known that a small percentage of people with anxiety disorder require or benefit from the treatment of this disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy managed through the Internet is a modern intervention technique for social phobia. The trial detailed in this work investigates the efficiency of an online intervention for the reduction of social anxiety-related symptoms. After the first evaluation, 76 people were diagnosed with social anxiety and they have been randomly placed in two groups: the experimental group, receiving active treatment and the control group, which was considered as a waiting list, mainly because after the study had been finished, these participants got the active treatment as well. Out of the entire study, in this article we will present only the evolution of the social anxiety level of these participants, after the treatment modules had been applied during the program. Similar studies done in Sweden, Australia and Switzerland support the efficacy of the cognitive-behavioral interventions applied online. Therefore, this study contributes to the consolidation of knowledge, regarding the efficacy of online interventions for the reduction of social anxiety, also forming an additional argument for the growth of online treatment accessibility in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminality is a violation of the individual rights of victims and victims of crime should be recognized and treated with respect, care and professionalism, without being discriminated against. Victims of crimes should be protected against secondary and repeated victimization, intimidation and revenge, receive adequate support in order to facilitate their recovery and have adequate access to justice. Child victims must be supported taking into account their ability to form their own opinions. States should ensure that victims with disabilities have the opportunity to enjoy their rights in full measure, as well as with other citizens, including by facilitating access to the premises where criminal proceedings take place and access to information. The Romanian state ensures, at legislative level, specialized services to victims of crime, taking into account the legal provisions adopted at the European Union level, the national legislation being convergent with the European one, but also presenting specific particularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pandemic context, the number of cases of violence, especially of domestic violence has increased. After the Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards of rights, support and protection of victims of crime, the Romanian legislation on the matter has changed. So, Law no. 97/2018 regarding some measures to protect the victims of crime, Emergency Ordinance no.24/2019 for the amendment and completion of Law no. 211/2004 and others normative acts have been adopted to complete the legal framework. The author is trying to answer the question of whether these measures are sufficient to ensure a real protection for victims, even during periods of health crises? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each Member State of the European Union establishes its own fiscal policy, under its sovereignty, according to its interests. Nevertheless, requirements such as the proper operation of the Single Market, the protection of fair competition, the fight against aggressive tax planning and against tax evasion, the stability of the European Economic Area have led to the adoption of European rules on the harmonization of the Member States' tax laws, with an emphasis on indirect taxes. Implementation mechanisms have been established so that non-compliance with them leads to the inapplicability of the non-harmonized internal rules. This is also the case for Romania's unsuccessful attempt to apply split VAT, while other Member States apply this method of VAT payment/collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania and Hungary had to face the challenges determined by the transition to the new political, economic and social systems and to set up fiscal systems and fiscal administrations to ensure the public revenues necessary to cover public expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During 2015-2018 Braov lost each of the three major competitions in which it participated (2020 Youth Olympic Games, 2021 European Capital of Culture and Capital of Youths from Romania in 2019- 2020). Particular aspects have drawn our attention in the processes of these candidacies and made us ask ourselves „what is Braov" and what Braov identifies with? This article is a short case study about how Braov prepared its candidacy for the 2021 European Capital of Culture competition and how Braov is perceived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relations with the Republic of Moldova are a strategic priority for Romania's foreign policy, given the multiple cultural and historical ties between the two states and communities. Regardless of the governments in power in the two countries, the collaboration between the two countries has steadily strengthened, gaining a variety of forms. One of these forms of collaboration is that in the field of education in general, in particular, of university education. Protocols of collaboration in education, signed over time, provide for bursary, master and doctorate scholarships, internships for master and doctoral students, academic mobility for teachers, study visits, etc. Beyond these concrete aspects, the collaboration on the educational level also aims at the modernization of the national educational systems, with Romania having the experience, expertise and assistance needed to reform the educational system of the Republic of Moldova, in accordance with European principles and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on discussions with business leaders and managers, as well as on information provided by commercial media, in this short essay I introduce and analyze six HR trends that will affect Romania and other countries. Ranging from issues of health and safety, meritocracy, legality, branding to issues of work migration and digitalization, these trends not only portray a possible future for organizations, but they also provide the necessary tools for strategy and decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the theoretical perspectives found in various specialized literature regarding the dynamics of branding forms. At the same time, the main principles that were the basis of the research development in the field of place branding, from the international scientific flow and from Romania are presented. Terms such as 'place marketing' and 'place branding' are examined, while also appreciating the occurrence of variations of the terms such as 'city branding', 'region branding' or 'country branding' and, from the analysis of tourism studies and marketing on vacations, the term 'destination branding'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international comparative research initiated by the OECD in the 1990s has shown that a considerable proportion of Europeans are classified as functional illiterates, even though they have completed at least primary school. Spelling and punctuation condition the specific humanreadable- writing process. We can counteract this deficit perfectly and diminish the scale of the phenomenon of functional illiteracy, giving individuals and social groups another chance for education. The need to express ideas in writing so that they can be understood by the reader may increase the interest in studying spelling and punctuation, as well as establishing rules for their use. This article proposes to address punctuation and spelling signs with examples that could be used as part of an option for primary education in Romania in order to reduce functional illiteracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of clusters in the Republic of Moldova (RM) is in its early stages. Concepts of cluster development emerged in Moldova's industrial sector and identified the basic elements and management tools for cluster organisations, and the evaluation of their effectiveness. Clusters are geographical concentrations of institutions and interconnected companies in a particular field. Clusters include a group of related industries and other important competition entities that cooperate formally or informally by implementing joint projects for local, regional or state benefits. The success of Romanian clusters might offer the possibility of know-how transfer to the Republic of Moldova with mutual regional benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying is defined as an unwanted, verbal, psychological, or physical behavior inflicted by an individual or a group against a person or a group, which is repeated over time. School bullying is identified as a worldwide problem and it is one of the most common antisocial behaviors among adolescents and children. Despite the implementation of anti-bullying, prevention programs implemented in almost every school in Romania, the phenomenon remains ubiquitous in schools. This article attempts to emphasize the understanding of the definition of bullying in school, as well as the size of the problem, the perception of bullying, the consequences of bullying and the programs conducted in schools to reduce and prevent this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 1980, the didactics of French as a Foreign Language has been significantly marked by the pragmatic-enunciative approach. It postulates that grammar is only taught for the benefit of the enunciation and that any form is equivalent to a function in communication. In the teaching of FFL, in regard to the access to the language, the preference for the use of speech acts is recognized. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of speech acts as a teaching / learning unit in the A1 level French textbooks published in Romania. We analysed to what extent the presented acts of language activate the grammar or vocabulary previously exposed in the supporting texts of the teaching unit where they are integrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]