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The nickel cobalt manganese ternary (NCM) cathode material is one of the important parts of power lithium battery. The NCM cathode material production process including the Li2CO3 preparation, precursor preparation and synthesis process of cathode materials is resource-and energy- intensive, thus it leads to relatively severe environment pollution. In this article, life cycle assessment of NCM cathode material production using coprecipitation method in China was conducted based on ReCiPe method. The environmental impacts of the main processes were calculated. The main factors and sources causing environmental pressure were identified. The results indicated that the precursor production contributed the most to environmental impacts in the NCM cathode material production. The energy consumption of the precursor production was 612MJ, accounting for 94.6% of the total energy consumption of NCM production. The environmental impacts of the CoSO4 production and NiSO4 production were the main contributors to that of the precursor production. The primary cobalt and nickel resources in China with lower grade and difficult mining led to the high energy consumption of these two kinds of raw materials. Therefore, the development and utilization of the secondary cobalt and nickel metals will be a great potential to reduce environmental impacts of NCM production.

Due to the complexity in the process of the welding, the welding parameters selection and reasonable matching will influence the quality of the power battery joints. There are not specific mathematical models between the welding parameter and the welding quality in the current period and the selection of the welding parameters is only depended on experience. In this paper, the orthogonal test is conducted on the main technological parameter of the welding of power battery packs and the optimal combination of parameters is gained after the analysis of the results of the test, which promotes the quality of the spot welding of power battery packs in series connection and in parallel connection.

Batteries have been widely used in the residential electric systems. This paper firstly analyzes the characteristics and feasibility of using the battery to participate in Demand Response (DR) programs. Secondly, the load characteristics in the two different kinds of battery systems are studied, including the power battery of electric bicycles and the battery which are used as the standby power for communication systems and computer systems. Thirdly, this paper studies the DR implementation method of reducing peak and filling valley and related impact on power grid load.

The estimate of the remaining capacity of power battery is one of the most important function of battery management system. Using traditional methods is difficult to estamate the remaining capacity, this paper put forward a new method which is based on the battery model and extended Kalman filter.Then carries on the concrete analysis and discussion.

Electric vehicle power battery is one of the key technologies for electric vehicle charging and discharging. This paper summarized the characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery firstly, then adopted intermittent discharge method to get the battery OCV-SOC curve under experimental tests, determined the parameters of OCV-SOC models, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used cell performance model, finally built electric vehicle battery charging model.

Green performance assessment of power battery is a whole life cycle process, which integrates Environment (E), Resource (R), Technology (T) and Cost (C) objectives considered as evaluation of multi-objective and multi-stage. According to definition of Green Product, the assessment model of multi-objective and multi-stage for power battery was built. The green utility function is proposed, by which the evaluation data of indices are changed uniformly into range of (0, 1) according to the assessment standard initialized as 0.5. The synthesis calculation method is given, which remains all the messages in the assessment. Finally, the green performance comparison between lithium-ion battery and nickel metal hydride battery proves the assessment method and process.

In the Ni-MH power battery electrodes manufacturing, the quality of the electrode material admixture will affect electrode and the whole function of batteries directly. However, the electrode material admixture process is very complex. It is very difficult to build up a model of precision to carry on control to the system. The traditional electrode material admixture control of the process, mainly according to develop the personnel on trial and the spot experience to complete, That method basically can not reach the good control appearance. The Fuzzy control can resolve the problem of this complication nicely.

The state of charge (SOC) is an important index for power battery system. To obtain its accurate value,a comprehensive equivalent circuit model that parameters change depend on SOC was estiblished in this paper by using the lithium-ion battery hybrid pulse power characteristic data. Then the Extended Kalman filter (EKF) method is applied to estimate the SOC under the working condition. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model and the EKF method. The results show that the EKF method based on the dynamic model can satisfy the accuray requirements.

Most countries and companies begin to develop Li-ion power battery because of the serious pollution of lead-acid battery and nickel-cadmium battery. As the main component of the Li-ion power battery, the electrode has a great influence on performance of the battery. Most manufacturers take the method of traditional manual inspection which has many disadvantages, such as low efficiency and bad work condition, and is vulnerable to subjective factors. The paper designs an automatic production line of the defects inspection of electrode, in which machine vision is used to inspect the defects of the electrode, PLC to control, and speed chain to convey the electrode. The combination of static loading electrode and dynamic inspection is chosen to control the line. The design can improve the efficiency siginificiantly.

In this paper a design scheme is introduced about the simulation of Li-ion power battery discharging characteristics based on the architecture DSP + IPM module. It is described the building of Li-ion power battery circuit model, and the obtaining of the characteristic parameters of Li-ion battery. The discharging characteristic is implemented on bi-directional DC/DC converting circuit. The design of hardware and software is introduced and the experiment result is given.

Li-ion battery becomes an important development direction because of energy shortage and environmental pollution. The electrode is the main part of Li-ion battery, which has the important influence to the performance, cycle life and the capacity of the battery. So, it is necessary that we should accurately detect the surface defects of the electrode. The paper provides a detection approach based on industrial camera and image processing software HALCON. The machine vision technology is used to detect defects of the electrode, and the high-performance software HALCON to process and analyze the acquired image. The combination of software and hardware can improve the efficiency of detection.

This work presents a simulation model for electric vehicles (EVs) power battery ratio configuration in battery exchanging mode and the calculation results of the minimal battery ratios under different battery state of charge (SOC) lower limits. Applying the normal copula function, the composite probability distribution function of daily mileage, daily charging time length and travelling time length in the battery charging mode is obtained. Based on this, the daily mileage probability distribution in battery exchanging mode is derived. A Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model with SOC constraints is established to calculate the minimal battery ratio. The EVs battery packs exchange when SOC reaches the lower limit. The travelling data of one certain demonstration running EVs are adopted as an example to test the calculation mode, and the rationality of the mode is verified.

Taking the lithium iron phosphate power battery as the research object, through analysis on characteristics of the battery, this paper chooses the improved second-order RC model as the model of battery whose complexity is moderate and it can better reflect the battery dynamic and static characteristics. Then by pulse discharge experiments and with improved recursive least squares algorithm to identify model parameters online, and puts forward up the adaptive kalman filtering algorithm to estimate battery SOC. The results show that the adaptive kalman filter algorithm can effectively improve battery SOC estimation precision.

This paper analyzes the process and control of nanohydrogen storage alloy strip rolling. We design a nonlinear model of rolling mill, use the neural network control scheme, and we adopt the rolling process of mathematical modeling, and use the model of the mathematical method in quantitative analysis. Finally, we use the system of computer simulation, at the end we draw the following conclusions. In strip rolling process, using a neural network system for control, far superior to the introduction of PI control, not only solved the rolling process with variable delay and variable gain and other shortcomings, and that the hydrogen storage alloy electrochemical performance was improved, the production process to ensure the high quality of hydrogen storage alloy, reducing energy consumption, saving raw materials, reduce the labor intensity of operating staff is of great significance.

The shortage of energy prompted the Li-ion power battery to become the new alternative energy. As the main body of the Li-ion power battery, the electrode has a great influence on safety, performance, cycle life and capacity of the battery. Thus, it is necessary to inspect surface defects of the electrode precisely. Then, a new inspection method is proposed in this paper. In the method, the machine vision based on smart camera and combined with LabVIEW which is the graphical and virtual programming software is applied to inspect defects of the electrode. This combination of hardware and software is helpful to improve the efficiency of the electrode inspection.

Li-ion power battery is one of the key technology for electric vehicle and the most important technology for the producing the Li-ion power battery is coating. At present, the ways of Li-ion power battery coating mainly are the roller coating and the slot extrusion coating. As the roller coating technology is the proven technique and the equipment is simpler, it is a better choice. The key technology of the roller coating is ensuring thickness uniformity and accuracy of the battery electrode. According to the production sample data analysis of the roller coating device, the coating machine we developed successfully achieved the required technical indicators.

With the deterioration of the environment and energy crisis is becoming more and more serious, the development of low carbon industry has risen to national strategies. In the energy utilization and environmental effect, electric vehicle to the fuel vehicle has the advantages of energy saving and emission reduction prominent; the whole life cycle analysis, the electric vehicle complete life cycle into electric energy transmission cycle and vehicle life cycle of two parts; electric vehicle power battery as storage unit, strengthen the relationship between electric vehicle, new energy and smart grid among the three, promotes the development and application of clean energy, speed up the construction of smart grid, realize the real energy-saving and emission-reduction.

The green environmental Li-ion power battery becomes the research heat spot of new energy technique and gets people's more and more attentions. This article overviews the process of coating technique of the Li-ion power battery, and the drying technique of Li-ion power battery electrode has a great influence on the Li-ion power battery performance. After analyzing the principle and merits and demerits of various dry methods of Li-ion power battery electrode, the project decides to apply hot-wind of circulating and shock drying method to dry Li-ion power battery electrode. The method has already successfully applied to practice production and has obtained a good economic efficiency for enterprise.

As the only power source of electric vehicles (EVs), power battery pack is also the main fault source in EVs. The faults of power battery affect its performence and life, and even endanger vehicle security in extremly situation. Early fault diagnosis of power batteries can reduce losses, minimize maintenance, guarantee vehicle performence, security and realibility. In this study, the faults of power batteries are summarized, four fault diagnosis methods are concluded and analyzed, and the applicability of each method is compared and discussed. The principle of choosing the diagnosis method is that choosing according to the diagnostic condition.

Li-ion power battery has many advantages, such as high energy, lightweight, long cycle life and so on. It has become a research hotspot in the new energy field. This paper describes the Li-ion power battery coating and drying process which has a significant effect on the performance of Li-ion power battery. According to the market research and business requirements, the project decides to apply heated-wind circulating and shock drying method to dry of the Li-ion power battery electrode. The method has been successfully applied to the production, which has achieved excellent results in energy saving and improving enterprise efficiency.

The serious pollution of lead-acid battery and nickel-cadmium battery prompts the Li-ion power battery to become the new alternative battery. As the main body of the Li-ion power battery, the electrode has a great influence on performance of the battery. Thus it is necessary to classify, analyze and research the defects of the battery electrode precisely. Combining with the practical situation of production, in this paper the characteristics of the electrode defects of Li-ion Power battery are described in detail and morphological characteristics are analyzed, which is helpful to the subsequent image processing and the production practice.

In order to know how inconsistency of power battery pack evolves during work, capacity range of cells was studies. The characteristic of operating circuit of power battery pack both in parallel connecting and in serial connecting was analyzed. Then, ratio models with parameters such as charging/discharging rate and depth of discharging of each cell in pack were studied. Remaining capacity of a cell was calculated according to the capacity degradation model. Evolution model of capacity range of cells in pack was established. Based on that of parallel or serial connecting, evolution models of capacity and capacity range in hybrid connecting were established too. Models established here would be helpful to determine cycle life of power battery pack.

An optimized battery state of charge (SOC) estimation method has been proposed in this paper. The method is based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) and combines Ah counting method and open-circuit voltage (OCV) method. According to the current excitation-response of a battery, the internal parameters of the battery model were identified by the method of least squares. Then the proposed estimation method is verified by experiments. The results show that the estimation method can reduce the cumulative error caused by long discharge and it can estimate the battery SOC effectively and accurately.

To resolve the problems that the initial state of charge (SOC) and the available capacity of batteries are difficult to estimate when using the Ah counting method, in this paper An improved SOC estimation method was proposed that combined with the open circuit voltage (OCV) method and Ah counting method based on the analysis and consideration of the battery available capacity variation caused by charge and discharge current, environment temperature and battery state of health (SOH). The precision of the proposed method was validated by using Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS) test of a Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) power battery. The SOC estimate error using the proposed method relative to a discharge test was better than the Ah counting method.

Power battery in the HEV normally has a high capacity. Therefore during the start-up procedure of HEV motor, pre-charge phase is essential in order to reduce the impact of high current. In this paper, we build a HEV motor pre-charge model then deploy it on cRIO embedded control system to simulate the whole process with high real time. Finally the paper tests some typical fault conditions which demonstrate great benefits.

Basing on the analysis, the functions of the V2G system, such as peak shaving, frequency adjusting, UPS and disturbance stabilizing, are discussed in this paper. And the key technologies of V2G are put forward according to the ongoing research and demonstration. The main research route and methods are established, which includes the nonlinear multivariable decoupling method of power battery pack, the integrated process control method of EV energy and driving system, the statistical characteristics of EV large-scale demonstration and the control theory and method.

The thesis studied the monomer power battery, in order to overcome the difficulty in state of charge(SOC) online testing, the thesis put forward a new method to do SOC online estimation. By studying the rebound voltage caused by lead-acid battery when it is offline, with the consideration on elements as discharge rate, depth of discharge, temperature environment and so on, the thesis build a function relation between the rebound voltage and the SOC; with the adoption of 89S51 micro-controller in real-time measurement and calculation, we successfully estimated the SOC of intelligent traction–battery online.

With the large-scale use of power battery pack, its security issues are attracting more attention, especially insulation faults. Traditional insulation monitoring methods can only detect insulation faults appeared at the most positive and negative ends of the battery pack, which cannot meet the requirements of monitoring the insulation state of an entire battery pack system. This paper analyzed the multi-point grounding insulation model of power battery pack, and obtained an equivalent model. A method of detecting the insulation resistance and locating the insulation fault was given, based on the equivalent model. The results of the simulation on Multisim 10.0 and the experiment test proved the correctness of the simplifying process of the insulation model and the insulation monitoring method.

With the continuous development of pure electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery is getting more attention. The SOH is characterized by the capacity of battery charging and discharging, so to meet the national regulations, it is necessary to detect it. This article focuses on estimating the current SOH of the battery based on voltage characterization when charging, and realizes real-time detection of health status in remote monitoring system.

Power battery thermal management system (BTMS) is very important for the safe operation of electric vehicles (EVs). The cooling effect of air cooling, phase change material(PCM)cooling and liquid cooling applyed to BTMS are compared. The experiment results show that, in comparison with air cooling, PCM cooling and liquid cooling methods can reduce the battery temperature rise effectively; in comparison with PCM cooling, liquid cooling has a better effect in the aspect of controlling the battery temperature rise.

The impact tests are generally performed at room temperature in actual standards, but in fact, the power battery work in variety of different environment temperatures. Therefore, the impact tests of the power battery were researched at different environment temperatures (-30°C, 20°C, 40°C and 65°C). The results showed that the impact can induce the internal short circuit, at the same time, if battery system is kept running at high environment temperature, the exothermic effect will induce the heat accumulation inside the battery, leading to thermal runaway and even the battery burning and explosion. The other result is that the higher the environment temperature is, the worse the battery thermal stability is. Temperature rise rate and maximum temperature was a linear relationship of the samples that did not burn during impact tests. And the temperature rise rate and maximum temperature was the cubic polynomial relationship of the samples that burn during impact tests. That is to say, the battery is prone to induce thermal runaway when the temperature rise rate is high.

It is very important to monitor and estimate thermal stability of the power battery because that the thermal runaway will happen at some high temperature. Therefore, this study was focused on thermal stability estimation of the power battery thermal stability. The thermal stability estimation model consists of collect module, judge module, cusp catastrophe estimation module and control module. The important module is cusp catastrophe estimation module which was established based on cusp catastrophe theory. The experimental results show that thermal stability estimation model of the power battery works well. Therefore, thermal stability estimation model of the power battery is helpful to monitor and estimate the safety and reliability of power battery on line.

The short driving range and long charging time are two big problems for electric vehicles. A concept of battery pack automatic replacement is put forward in this paper to solve these problems, and a deep research on the key techniques is contained. This paper introduced the way of positioning and locking in replacement process, including the concrete structure of both replacing equipment and battery pack. For reliability problems of the connectors, two schemes are designed. Elastic jacks and coil are adopted to guarantee the reliability and automatically centering. On this basis, battery fast replacing system is designed, which controlled by PLC, driven by electro-hydraulic servo. This was proved to be a big success in practice.

Carbon-doped LiFePO4/C cathode materials for lithium power batteries were prepared by liquid-state precipitation reaction. Their properties were studied by using XRD, SEM, elemental analysis, FTIR and A.C. impedance tests. The results showed that the samples with olivine structure and 3.4V discharge platform. The tapped density of LiFePO4/C sample could reach 1.42g/cm3, and it had an initiate capacity of 144.6mAh/g at 0.2C, and 93.2% of which remained after 20 cycles. The first discharge specific capacity is 133.5mAh/g at 10C and the capacity decreased 8.76% after 20 cycles.

Fuel cell vehicle powertrain is a complex electromechanical system related to electrochemistry, power electronics, power transmission and control systems, network and communications and other disciplines. Therefore, this article has clearly made the concept of fault and fault diagnosis, and conducted the preliminary study of the method of fault diagnosis for the fuel cell vehicle battery, and will adopt the model-based fault diagnosis method to achieve battery fault diagnosis.

To have a fundamental understanding on the principle of carbon aerogels when it is used as electrode materials in power battery, the effects of density and structural properties on the electrical conductivity of carbon aerogels was investigated in this paper. Carbon aerogels with different density were prepared via adjusting the chemical conditions of the primary solution. The morphology of carbon aerogels were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Experimental results show that the electrical conductivity of carbon aerogels is ranged from 10-6 Ω/cm to 10 Ω/cm, and that not only the density but also the carbon particle size and porosity of carbon aerogels effect the transport property greatly. With the increasing of the density the electrical conductivity of carbon aerogels increases. This indicates that larger particle size and lower porosity of the nano-structure lead to higher conductivity.

The purpose of MH/Ni power battery positive mill is to make it have the certain density, thickness and good tenacities. The thickness of positive battery is different, its capacity, the efficiency of charge and discharge, the utilization efficiency of the electrode material is also different. Positive battery has variable delay and variable gain in the mill process, so it is suitable for using neural networks to control.