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Multi-scale Fatigue crack growth behavior of titanium alloy TC4 under different maximum stress was identified in the present work by using an in-situ fatigue testing system. Results showed that specimen tested at lower maximum stress exhibited longer fatigue life, since the small fatigue crack stage accounted for a larger fraction of the total fatigue life. Local deformation around fatigue crack was measured by digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The evolution of multi-scale fatigue crack was identified. Relationship between size of plastic zone and crack growth rate was identified.

Compressive residual stresses have been found to affect fatigue crack growth behavior by delaying the crack initiation and by decelerating the crack propagation rate. Therefore, various mechanical surface treatment techniques have been developed to produce the compressive residual stresses on the surface of components. However, the residual stresses will relax due to cyclic loading. Hence, the stability of residual stress during fatigue process is a great importance aspect for design of components. In this paper, the ultrasonic surface deep rolling was used to generate the compressive residual stress near the surface of Ti-6Al-4V. The stress relaxation behavior was identified during the low cycle fatigue process. The X-ray diffraction method was used to determine the magnitude and sign of residual stress. Results showed that under cyclic loading, the residual stress relaxation occurred fast in the first few cycles then became stable. Furthermore, it was found that relaxation rates of residual stress were depended on the applied stress.

The evaluation of distribution network projects mainly rely on manual evaluation, with a heavy workload and high blindness that it cannot accurately reflect the effect of project, and yet cannot satisfy the needs of the development of the distribution network. With the automated development of distribution network, the total amount of data that can be acquired is constantly improve and perfect, which made it possible to apply computer aided software on the post evaluation. In this paper, it first introducing the comprehensive evaluation and analysis software into the post evaluation into distribution network projects, then put forwards the method of combining manual evaluation and computer aided software to reflect the effect of project construction, finally, analyses one project as a detailed example.

To tackle such problems as low security, inefficiency and high cost in traditional data transmission between different security domains, this paper discussed the basic design decisions that form the first step one should consider, especially for creating a design with the advantage of high-efficiency and low-cost optical devices. It first explored the design issues of software and hardware systems with the application of various network separation systems. It then described the reliability features with regard to error detection and data integration, and the mechanism of the newly defined protocol structure. At last, it outlined the key design points for the system implement and measurement.

The switched mode dc-dc converters are some of the most widely used power electronics circuits because of high conversion efficiency and flexible output voltage. Many methods have been developed for the control of dc-dc converters. This paper deals with design of controller for dc-dc buck converter using various control techniques. The first two control techniques are based on classical or linear control methods i.e. PI and PID control, while the other two control technique are based on non linear control method i.e. Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Sliding Mode Proportional Integral Derivative Control (SMC-PID). The output voltage and the inductor current of the applied control techniques are analyzed and compared in transient and steady state region. Also the robustness of the buck converter system is tested for load changes and input voltage variations. Matlab/Simulink is used for the simulations. The detailed simulation results are presented, which compare the performance of the designed controllers for various cases. The results show that the non linear control for DC/DC Buck converter proves to be more robust than linear control especially when dynamic tests are applied.

This paper presents both physical and logical methods that are completely one-way transmission without feedback. The imposed hardware isolation is achieved based on the light transmission property with low cost optic components, while the efficiency and accuracy of data transmission is guaranteed by defining new protocol structure based on UDP. Experiments demonstrate that high performance have been achieved after using our proposed protocol mechanism.

A distributed cross-direction control system based on CAN-bus was designed to solve the large-scale cross-direction control problem for paper machine. Multiple Master-Slave CAN networks were constructed in parallel to coordinate and control multiple array actuators, and the Ethernet/CAN converter was used to connect the monitoring station with the field intelligent actuators. The monitoring station accesses measured data and field data via OPC technology. A CAN application layer protocol and corresponding underlying communication software were designed according to the characteristics of the cross-direction control processes. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the system were verified with practical applications.

In order to obtain proper text information consistent with the users’ cognitive level, a new personalized retrieval method is proposed for the distant learners. At first the user’s personalized cognitive structure is established and this structure can represent the users’ cognitive level formally. Then related concept can be extended around the keywords, which usually reflect their focus of attention. How to extend depennd on the semantic distance which should be measured by some new formula in this article. At last these queried documents should be ranked according to the user’s cognitive level and the difficulty of the document containt. Experiments show that even if some different learners use the same keywords, the query result is consistent with their cognitive level respectively.

In order to study surface structures and properties of wool fabric, plasma treatment, grafting and plasma combined grafting treatment are studied in this paper. The structure of samples was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, wetting time, grafting ratio and whiteness were also investigated.

This paper proposed a novel multimedia player based on embedded system. Different from normal player, it decodes the audio-video stream using a multithreaded mechanism based timeline, and does not need the traditional driving library for playing media — FFMPEG. The player decides the IDR frame for every group of audio-video stream at first, then plays stream according to the interactive model of audio and video. It makes the best use of decoding acceleration engine of embedded chip, has higher decoding efficiency, and saves a lot of resource for embedded system.

At present, the productivity benefits of inkjet printing technology with high speed shows a rapid expanding trends, however, the precondition of which is its high quality presswork. Therefore, one of the top priorities now is to find better way to evaluate the presswork quality scientifically and effectively. A new parameter, ink dot fidelity, was introduced as an evaluation criterion to study the presswork quality in this paper. The four evident effect factors that fluctuated more during the printing process were chosen, such as the paper transmission speed, the print head (nozzle) voltage, the ink cartridge pressure and the distance between the print head and paper, to make the scientific orthogonal experiment design. The fluctuation rules of the ink dot fidelity corresponding to each effecting factors were obtained through intuitively analyzing of the orthogonal tables and the effect curves. Based on the experiment, the test data were fitted and optimized by using the mathematical analysis software of MATLAB and the least-square method. And then the mathematical model for ink dot fidelity and these affecting factors were created. Finally, the user interface (GUI) design platform was developed to improve the man-machine communication and the ink dot fidelity, or the presswork quality.

Graphic communications industry, or printing industry, has a tradition of more than one thousand years. Putting ink on paper, or on some other substrates, is the basic form of printing, although the industry has been modernizing by the up-to-date science and technology such as internet communication and digital printing, etc., since the info-tech revolution of recent decades. Printing jobs are still in much need today and printing presses everywhere are keeping busy with a steady influx of orders everyday. As a professor working in the graphic communications field, facing some perception and confusions among everyone from government and corporations to environmental groups and mums and dads that paper and print is 'bad' for the environment and that printed communications aren't effective, we have responsibilities to study the present situation of this industry in the environment-oriented world and try as much as possible to find ways to make our industry become greener. Firstly, we need to answer if the printing communication is not a green medium comparing to other methods of communication. If the answer is positive, we need to defense the green position of the graphic communications industry. Secondly, to troubleshoot the pollution problems of the printing production processes, so that, thirdly, to find ways to make the industry become an environment-friendly one.

In order to study the color matching effect of ink-jet printing press under different color management systems. I applied EFI and ORIS series color management soft wares separately to the same Epson ink-jet printer and optimized the proofing with exploring the most reasonable settings. After that, I will compare the gamut and color difference in a special color management module, and also make a contrast with a standard color gamut to check the color matching effect. The results show that the average color differences of the two soft wares are all below 1.0. However, differences measured by ORIS is lower, falling to 0.5 only, which implies the proofing under ORIS color management is more similar to the presswork and more stable.

When the engine is working, the oil may be mixed with diesel once there isnt any burning diesel flowing into the crank case or there is a diesel leak in the joint of the oil atomizer and the high-pressure oil pipe. Once it happens, the oil degradation will appear, which can cause serious accidents such as drawing cylinder and tile burning when it appears to be severe. At the present moment, the quality of oil in the real vehicle cant be monitored. In this paper, a model used to monitor the quality of the oil was built by means of matching experiment, which took advantage of the neural network. Through the test of the real vehicle, it came to a conclusion that the mode could monitor the viscosity of the oil in real time and accurately calculate the volume fraction of diesel that is mixed into the oil, which could provide an effective means for the replacement of oil.

Generally, after the desktop computer working very long hours under the high environmental temperature, the components temperature inside the computer chassis would rise. If the temperature of the components was too high to meet the spec, it affected the normal operation of the equipment. Icepak thermal analysis software was adopted for optimized design of the desktop computer system structure, and in the case of not changing the installed position of every component, the internal duct of the computer chassis was designed. The conclusion is known from the simulation results that the design can effectively decrease the components temperature inside the computer and also ensure the stable operation of the equipment.

This paper studies the application of wavelet analysis in the fault diagnosis of mechanical system which describes the principle of wavelet analysis and its application in fault diagnosis of gear mechanism. It can identify and eliminate the failure by analyzing the vibration signal obtained from the fault simulation experiment of gear transmission system. Wavelet analysis in MATLAB can extract some important fault characteristics that the other methods cannot extract them. Application of wavelet analysis in the fault diagnosis of gear transmission system is effective by pretreating the characteristic information that extracted from gear transmission system.

The cooling water of the large power vehicular diesel engine often got high or low and engine could not work in the adaptive thermal conditions in altitude environment. In order to solve the problem, analyzed the refrigeration requirement of the diesel engine on plateau section, suggested the amelioration program from installing the fluid operated pump-mot fan speed regulating device. Base on the coupling simulation model of the diesel engine working process and coolant system, took the 90°C water temperature of the diesel engine as the optimally target value, analyzed the change canon of cooling fan speed form the ambient conditions and the diesel engine work condition, established the cooling fan rotary speed control MAP on plateau section, and regulated the cooling fan speed by the methods of open loop preset controlling and closed loop feedback controlling. That would provide the improved method for the large power vehicular diesel engine working well on plateau section.

Using simulation software, numerical simulation and plateau tests are combined to create the plateau diesel engine process simulation model. External characteristics tests of the diesel engine, plateau simulation experiments and plateau vehicle tests are combined to verify the model. The maximum deviation of the results is less 10%. The simulation model is accurate, which provides a way to study plateau environmental adaptation of diesel engines.

Ultrasonic ranging (UR) technology has being used widely in many industries around the world. This paper aims to design and manufacture an ultrasonic distance measuring system with lower price and higher accuracy. Based on the deep study of principle of ultrasonic ranging, we designed the general plan and detailed electrical circuits for the ultrasonic distance measuring system based on single chip microprocessor of AT89S52, including the transmitter module of ultrasonic wave, receiving module of ultrasonic wave, display module etc. Then, we compiled the relative driven programs for all modules. After that, we debugged the combined system of hardware and software system. At last, the experimental results show that the cost is about 300RMB for 3 prototypes, measuring rang is 0.16~1.5m with the accuracy of 0.001mm, which means the ranging system meets the design requirements of lower price and higher accuracy.

This paper introduces a kind of screening machinery that applied to mineral grading.It needs to simplify its structure for expedient simulation and build the three-dimensional solid model of the screen frame in the SolidEdge circumstance, and then be imported into ADAMS software to improve and perfect the model and conduct the analysis and simulation. Ultimately the curves of motion and changes of pressure angle were obtained. The approximate formula of the screen frames acceleration can be obtained to find out the inertial acceleration of the mineral particles by analyzing and simulating its kinematics, which supplys the basis of Stress analysis of mineral particles on the sifter. It provides a theory to optimize screening machinery by analyzing the changes of pressure angle.

This paper introduces one method to design a vibration diagnosis device from several sides such as components choosing, circuit designing and soft programming. This device consists of ATmega128 MCU, acceleration transducer, TLC2543 and other peripheral components and it can conveniently acquire and analysis signal. The resource used to test the device was supported by Function Generator and amplified by Power Amplifier. The data was exported to PC and graphed by MatLAB application, and then made a comparison with the theoretical graph to prove the method validity. This design has simple circuit and small codes, but it can capture mechanical working state accurately, so it has preferably practical value and economic benefit.

For the thermal load of a heavy vehicle is too high in plateau environment, based on Hiroyasu spray model and predictive combustion model, a turbocharged diesel engine model with environmental adaptive predictive ability was established. The experimental results of 3700m revealed that the simulation result relative errors were less than 5%. The research of combustion chamber temperature field was made. This method provides a fundamental basis for further design of the combustion chamber.

With the gradually maturing super-speed inkjet printing technology, people are pursuing steadier and higher speed as well as better quality presswork for the sake of increasing economic benefit. To provide an overview of the velocity fluctuation of the inkjet machine platform and the cyclical fluctuation of the incremental encoder, external clock and corresponding internal clock were applied separately to print the equally spaced lines under the same platform speed. Then a magnifier was used to measure distance between the lines, according to which the velocity fluctuation mentioned above can be obtained. Thus conclusion can be drawn from the fluctuation analysis that the velocity cycle of platform is 60mm, however, number of those produced by the incremental encoder is up to 3, including 60mm influenced by the platform, 300mm produced by the perimeter of encoders pressure wheel and 600mm produced by the circumference of dance roller. Furthermore, dance roller contributes more influence on narrow coated paper. Through this research, inkjet technician can do directional compensation for every factors to reduce the fluctuation.

Graphic communications industry has a tradition of more than one thousand years. Not since the invention of movable metal type by Gutenberg in 1450 has the communication landscape been shaken at its foundation as today, when print media face competition from new and novel forms of visual communication. In this paper, the critical analysis and study is made as to why printing has weathered the onslaught of new forms of communication in the past and if, in fact, print media will yet again be able to prevail over radically different methods of dissemi¬nating information. Although printing jobs are still in much need today and printing presses everywhere are keeping busy with a steady influx of orders everyday, people in the graphic communications industry should adapt to the new changes of the internet ages and make fully use of print communications to prevail over different kinds of new media. Printed Electronics and postpress finishing also play key roles in creating new functional print products and adding more value to print media.

Measure the temperature change of concrete-filled steel tubular with high strength low heat micro-expansive in its hardening process with different mix proportion. Study self-stress of high strength low-heat micro-expansive and study the relations of the expansive admixtures quantity and its changing regularity with the time. Observe the fail of axial compression short column of concrete-filled steel tubular with high strength expansive under vertical loading, study the changing regularity of its stress under loading.

This paper presents a new method for classification of remote sensing image based on multiple classifiers combination. In this method, three supervised classifications such as Mahalanobis Distance, Maximum Likelihood and SVM are selected to sever as the sub-classifications. The simple vote classification, maximum probability category method and fuzzy integral method are combined together according to certain rules. And adopted color infrared aerial images of Huairen country as the experimental object. The results show that the overall classification accuracy was improved by 12% and Kappa coefficient was increased by 0.12 compared with SVM classification which has the highest accuracy in single sub-classifications.

The present work focused on developing a rapid estimation of carbon storage of single tree in urban community greening that is an important carbon storage field. The carbon storage is determined by the total biomass measured by getting carbon content percentage and density values of plants. Having surveying and calculating carbon content percentage, volume density and carbon storage of four main kinds of trees in eight residential areas, the value of computing carbon content percentage, volume density are 0.5 and 0.5×103kg/m3, respectively, agreeing with their default value 0.5. The developed carbon storage formula is applicable to computing single arbor green vegetation of cities. The carbon storage biomass of Cinnamomum camphora is the largest among the four kinds of main trees (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.), acacia (Albizia julibrissin), magnolia (Magnolia Grandiflora Linn.), laurel (Osmanthus fragrans. The results show that the calculation method is applicable and can be expanded for extensive use.

This paper presents application of piezoelectric thin film in sport to judge whether the ball is out of bounds, and how to install this application on the field. At last, a simulation will be done to text the performance of this application.

The ideal of using air suspension is to reduce the movement friction of measurement system, since of the air suspension structure, the dynamic balance precision of rotating parts for measurement was improved. The use of air suspension measurement system to measure the deviation of the workpiece which rotating around a fixed axis is more efficient and convenient.

When the nuts are tightened on the big bore diesel engine through the hydraulic tensioner, the preloaded forces imposed on the studs are often less than the design values. In order to get the difference, finite element method was introduced and stress analysis was implemented in Abaqus. Meanwhile the finite element model was modified based on the real test result. Eventually reliable difference results were obtained and the modified model could be applied in the other research.

It is very important to measure paper fiber density and equivalent diameter for pulp suspension as solid-liquid two-phase flow in fluid dynamics study. There are some kinds of ways to measure fiber density，but not be suit for pulp fiber density because of their limitations. By using kajaaniFS300 fiber analyzer provided by Mesto ltd company to compare and measure all kinds of fiber length, fiber coarseness, weight average fiber length can more accurately show the actual length of fiber. The results shows that it is apparently more appropriate to calculate fiber density by using fiber coarseness, weight-average fiber length and weight-average fiber width, and fiber equivalent diameter should also be calculated according to the same weight-average fiber length and weight-average fiber width.

Aiming at the issues for 3-dimensionals localization and quantitative prediction of concealed ore body in the deep and margin parts of the Fenghuangshan ore field in Tongling, Anhui, a quantitative analysis method for geological ore-controlling factors is proposed. Firstly, based on the analysis of metallogenic conditions and integrated geological exploration data, the three-dimensional shapes of the ore-controlling geological bodies such as strata, structures, magmatic bodies and ore bodies were inferred and simulated in three-dimensional visualization environment by dint of three-dimensional geological modeling technology. Secondly, from the three-dimensional grid geological models, some 3-dimensional shapes of some complex ore-controlling geological bodies with overlay surfaces, were analyzed by morphological operations and extracted as the geological ore-controlling factors. Lastly, the field models of various geological ore-controlling factors, including the magmatic body and its surface relief, the contact zone, the strata, the faults and so on, were set up to describe quantitatively geological ore-controlling effects. By analyzing quantitatively the associated relationship between the geological ore-controlling factors and the mineralization distribution, It is proved that the extracted geological ore-controlling factors have more powerful controlling effects on mineralization spatial distribution. The method is feasible to gain the quantitative geological ore-controlling indexes for indicating the ore-formation advantage degree.

Investigation on environmental adaptability of special vehicle engine is scarce and its current evaluation system is unjustifiable in our country. Based on the fuzzy evaluation theory, referenced the criterion of American army environmental adaptability experiment, the paper determined the engine environmental adaptability evaluation fuzzy sets, baseline vectors and weight coefficients by the methods of hierarchical analysis and expert scoring. Then an environmental adaptability evaluation model was established to analyze and evaluate the engine environmental adaptability of the typical areas. The results indicate that the environmental adaptability of Bange in Tibet province rank "poor", Turpan in Tibet province rank "good", and Mohe in Heilongjiang province rank "average".

An Ultrasonic water level measurement system based on GPS is presented. According to the ultrasonic principle and GPS positioning technology, the secondary ultrasonic reflection in the air and the time spent in the liquid are measured to calculate the height of the water level and the depth of the liquid. The temperature compensation circuit is designed to improve the measurement precision. The use of GPS, the specific location of measurement points can be got, and the key position multi-point level measurement, cycle monitoring, real-time monitoring and mobile monitoring can be achieved

According to the design ideas of the traditional analog voltage regulator, hysteresis control method is adopted to regulate the output voltage of aircraft variable frequency generator. Through simulation and test, it is verified that the steady and dynamic voltage performance are in according with the MIL-STD-704E voltage requirements for the generator point of regulation (POR). The digital generator controller is capable to meet the application demand of aircraft power system.

This article discusses that the design technique of LCD terminal system for intelligent image display based on an 89C51 microcontroller. The system includes both hardware and software parts. Hardware part consists of liquid crystal display module, flash memory module and serial communication module; software part includes liquid crystal display programming, reading/writing programming of memory chip, serial communication programming, and host computer software

The electricity changing models for the energy supply of electric vehicles are described and introduced. A more suitable method of fast replacing battery of electric vehicles is found and the practical method and process of quickly replacing battery are focused as a major topic. The changing equipment used is studied and described while the efficiency of electrical changing equipments is discussed. The reserve number of batteries in power charging plant and the number of vehicles that each quickly changing device could service are studied and derived.

There is a problem with non-contact measurement and detection, which reduces its measurement accuracy. Methods developed for measuring and inspecting screw thread characteristic parameters usually using a camera, which is controlled to scan the projection of thread in the parallel optical field to obtain thread images. However, with the block of screw line on the projection of the real thread form, it is impossible to acquire the real thread form from images. The traditional way is adjusting the optical axis to a suitable angle with the thread axis to acquire the real thread form projection, which has some problems, such as time consuming, high skill of operator, high-precision equipment for adjustment, inaccuracy, and so on. Hence, a new method through digital image calibration is presented. The results of relevant simulation indicated the feasibility of this new method, which improves thread measurement and detection accuracy.

Today’s industrial design has gone beyond the traditional product design. China is in the transfer process from the world's manufacturing plant to the world's manufacturing center. Chinese manufacturing industry is transiting from mass production and mass marketing to brand competition and design competition; China’s industrial design is moving from design for products and design for industrial enterprises to design for the market and users, and from basic industries- and technology-oriented model to sales- and marketing-oriented and brand- and user-oriented model. The importance of implementing user-friendly design principles and applying ergonomic principles to sustainable design in Industrial design is increasingly becoming the consensus of the industries. In today's information society, the media industry is charged with an irreplaceable task of information manufacture and dissemination. A variety of devices (including electronic, optical, mechanical equipment and instruments, and even household facilities and equipment, etc.) used by the modern media industry need the direct contact, operation or use of the operator. Design and manufacture of these devices need to apply modern ergonomic design theory and research results. In this paper, the importance of ergonomics, the features and research aspects of modern ergonomics, developing trends of ergonomics, and the application of ergonomics in the media industry are described.

Today’s industrial design has gone beyond the traditional product design. China is in the transfer process from the world's manufacturing plant to the world's manufacturing center. Green design is the basis of access to green products, and has become one of the hot researches in design areas. The results show that the design phase determines the 70% to 80% of manufacturing cost, while the design itself accounts for only 10% of the total cost. The importance of the roll of design to product is still increasing if considering the environmental factors. Because the level of ecological damage caused by the product design is far greater than the level of ecological damage caused by the design process itself, only in the design stage should the "green level" of products be taken as a design target, the desired design result could be achieved, which is one of the goal of ergonomics. In today's information society, the graphic communications industry is charged with an irreplaceable task of information manufacture and dissemination. A variety of devices (including electronic, optical, mechanical equipment and instruments, and even household facilities and equipment, etc.) used by the modern graphic communications industry need the direct contact, operation or use of the operator. Design and manufacture of these devices need to apply modern ergonomic design theory and research results. In this paper, the importance of ergonomics, the features and research aspects of green design, developing trends of ergonomics, and the application of ergonomics in the graphic communications industry are described.

In this study, a core-shell structure acrylate elastomer with UV stabilization core–shell poly[methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-2-hydroxy-4-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxylproroxy) benzophenone] [poly(MMA-BA-BPMA)] was synthesized by methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA) and a polymerizable UV-stabilizer 2-hydroxy-4-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxylproroxy) benzophenone (BPMA) via semicontinuous seeding emulsion polymerization. The composition and characteristics of core-shell Poly (MMA-BA-BPMA) were determined by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Further, the obtained core-shell poly (MMA-BA-BPMA) was blended with polyoxymethylene (POM) to modify its photostabilization. The mechanical properties of POM composite were tested before and after UV-irradiation. The result showed that core-shell poly (MMA-BA-BPMA) can be dispersed well in the POM matrix, which could play a role of improving compatibility with POM and the mechanical properties of modified POM were kept well, which leaded higher impact strength and elongation at break after UV-irradiation.

By analyzing various kinds of gripper systems of different sheet-fed offset presses, the under-table swing-arm system, with a fixed axis, has the advantages of meeting high-speed press running requirement, keeping longer dwell time of printing sheets, helping improve print registration, and hence in favor of assuring HIFI print quality while having high press output. The dynamic optimization design of the under-table swing-arm system is vital to the higher performance of the system on the state of the art press machines. Through dynamic analysis of the gripper system, the way of dynamic optimization design and its correspondent formulas are derived in this paper.

A new type of reducer based on traveling wave driver principle was put forward. The initial structure of the reducer was designed and the theoretical model was built up. An initial reducer was manufactured and some performances were tested. The experiment results illustrated that the new type reducer has a feature of large ratio, and the testing results accord with the theoretical model through adjusting some test parameters.

Underwater manipulator as efficient tools plays important roles in ocean exploitation. Because of its specificity for underwater operations, the structure of an underwater manipulator should be designed compactly with light weight and small size. Structure of a 7-function underwater manipulator is designed here. Except forearm rotation and wrist rotation which use hydraulic motors, other functions are driven by hydraulic cylinders, whose parameters are determined by force analysis and limit positions. The hydraulic pipelines from the elbow joint to the end are passed through the forearm, and the hydraulic cylinder of the jaw is integrated into the wrist motor. Built-in pipelines are achieved in the designed structure and the whole weight and volume are greatly reduced by integrated and optimized design.

We demonstrated a method of fabricating thermosetting epoxy polymer with shape memory effect modified Poly (ether ether ketone) (6F-PEEK) based on the formation of a phase-segregated morphology. The peculiarities of shape memory effects of the epoxy resin modified by 6F-PEEK were investigated. DMA result showed two glass transition temperatures in this blended material. The cured epoxy phase showing high Tg of 223oC acted as hard-segment-forming phase the and was responsible for the permanent shape. The 6F-PEEK can be used as switching phase for a thermally induced shape-memory effect. The transition temperature (Ttran) was 150oC, which was between the Tg of cured epoxy and 6F-PEEK. At the special concentrations of 6F-PEEK, the shape memory effect accompanied by a significant increase in volume was observed. The highest shape memory effect was obtained for the blended material with 25.00 wt% of 6F-PEEK. The shape retention rates and the shape recovery rates were 96-99% and 100%, respectively. The times of shape-recovery were all defined in 2 min. The mechanism of shape memory effects and the mechanical properties of the cured resin were discussed.

TiAl based alloys are promising candidates for structural applications at high temperature. However, the poor oxidation resistance above 800oC obviously restrains their applications. Although NiCrAlY overlay coatings can remarkably improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl, serious inward diffusion of Ni from the coating to the substrate occurs which could reduce the lifetime of the coating/substrate system. Apparently, the development of interdiffusion barrier could overcome the disadvantage of the NiCrAlY/TiAl system. In this work, Ta, TiN and Cr2O3 interlayers were deposited between NiCrAlY coating and γ-TiAl substrate as diffusion barrier (DB). The interdiffusion behavior of the TiAl/DB/NiCrAlY system was investigated at 1000°C. The results showed that the metallic and nitride interlayers cannot retard the interdiffusion of Ni effectively. As an active diffusion barrier, the oxide interlayer obviously suppressed the inward diffusion of Ni from the coating to the substrate by the formation of alumina-rich layers at both the TiAl/DB and DB/NiCrAlY interfaces.

Micro-thermoelectric generator device (MTGD) is used to supply lasting electrical energy for Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). As an important part of MTGD, micro-combustor with high energy density has direct influence on the total electrical generating efficiency for MTG. D In this paper, Considering some parameters such as material, dimension, flux of fuel and shape of thermal conductive tunnel for micro-combustor, some simulation models such as thermal transfer, combustion for micro-combustor were built up, and some simulation results were got. Based upon, optimized micro flat combustors were designed and tested. The experiment results illustrated that the conduct efficiency of micro-combustor was well controlled by adjusting heat flux, and the combustor with shape of zigzag combustion tunnel has high thermal exchange efficiency in experiment models. By adjusting flux of fuel and the structure of micro premixed combustor, the heat loss of MTGD was reduced and output power was improved in a degree.

The paper defined the connotation of resource efficiency, and utilized the emergy theory and language to convert different resources which occured input, output and negative effects in the of regional economic system into the amount of the energy value of unified standards, and also established the econometric model of resource efficiency. The author scientifically explained and empirically analyzed the model utilizing emergy symbols, which provided a new theoretical models and methods for measuring resource efficiency.