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A novel microspheres adsorbent was prepared by the emulsion-congealed crosslinking method. The gelatin was as raw material and glutaraldehyde was as the crosslinking agent. The product was characterized by AFM, Zeta Potential Tester and SEM. These results showed that there were some irregular protuberances and grooves on the surface of gelatin microspheres. The relative surface roughness namely Ra was equal to 2.469E+01nm. The isoelectric point of gelatin microspheres was 3.2. Their morphology was almost not affected by treatment of the acid and alkali, and the performance of the acid and alkali resistance was superior. The result of desorption experiment showed that the regeneration ability of gelatin microspheres was stronger in the alkali solution than that in the distilled water. The optimum desorption temperature was 30°C. The desorption process got to balance for 80min. The desorption rate got to 88% in the alkali solution and regeneration effect was obvious. The result of the second-adsorption experiment showed that the desorbed adsorbent which was used in the second-adsorption experienced the same as the first-adsorption process. And the saturated adsorption capacity changed a little. So the gelatin microspheres can be recycled.

A novel microspheres adsorbent was prepared by the emulsion-congealed crosslinking method. The gelatin was as raw material and glutaraldehyde was as the crosslinking agent. The SEM images showed that the product was spherical, the distribution was uniform and not sticky. The TG result showed that the thermal decomposition form of gelatin microspheres was single and the thermostability was good. The XRD results indicated that the crystalline state of gelatin had not been affected by crosslinking of glutaraldehyde. The adsorption performance of gelatin microspheres to Cr(Ⅵ) was studied by the static adsorption experiments. The application conditions were optimized by single-factor experiment. The results showed that the optimum conditions were that pH was 3.0, temperature was 35°C and time was 1.5h.

The adsorption of acid black dye NT on collagen fiber (CF) was studied, and the effects of temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and reaction time on the dye adsorption were tested, respectively. The results indicated that the optimal temperature and pH of acid black dye NT absorption were 40°C and 2.0, respectively. For a certain concentration of dyeing, the adsorption capacity decreased with the increasing of adsorbent dosage, but increased along with the extension of the contact time. In addition, the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of acid black dye NT on CF were investigated. By comparison, it was found that the Freundlich equation and Pseudosecond-order kinetic model can better describe the adsorption behavior of acidic black dye on CF. Thermodynamic parameters, such as G, H and S were determined to be-3.445 kJ/mol, 11.2 kJ/mol and 59.6 J/(mol·K), respectively. The results indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic nature.

The primary hydroxyl groups of Starch Oxidized by nitric acid to the corresponding carboxylic acids has been investigated. The structure of the Oxidized-Starch(OS) was characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR and GPC. The predicated product was obtained from the results. Its application in calcium complexing capacity has been discussed. The calcium complexing capacity of OS may up to 119.39 mg/g. The data confirmed that the starch oxidized by nitric acid had excellent capacity of calcium complexing.

Collagen fiber loaded hyperbranched polyamide-amine(CF-HBPN) was prepared by the crosslinking power of glutaraldehyde. The structure of CF-HBPN before and after adsorption was characterized and analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. The CF-HBPN was effective adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic of the adsorption process were studied. The experimental results were fitted using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The experimental results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm was better in describing the adsorption process. Two kinetic models, the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, were used to analyze the kinetic data. The pseudo-second order model was proven to be better in describing the adsorption behavior.

Using collagen as the raw material, methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate as the soft and hard monomers, ammonium persulfate as the initiator, a surface sizing agent was prepared by the emulsion polymerization method to modified the collagen. The optimum prepared conditions were got by the single factor experiment, follow as m(soft monomer)/m(hard monomer) for 1:2 or 1:1, m(collagen)/m(monomer) for 1:2, the dosage of initiator for 0.8% of monomers amount, the reaction time for 2h. The FT-IR showed that the grafting reaction between vinyl monomers and collagen happened and the vinyl monomers reacted completely. The particle size distribution of the emulsion indicated that its size distribution was uniform and the average size was 0.117μm. The results of application experiments showed that the tensile strength and tearing strength of paper were stronger than that of base paper for 3 times and 1.9 times, after sizing by using the emulsion. The water-resistance of paper was also improved.

A new type of sulfonate surfactant (Gn-SHBP) has been prepared by esterification and sulphonation. At 25°C, the surface activity, the effect of NaCl on solution CMC（critical micelle concentration), emulsibility and the tolerance to inorganic salts of sulfonate hyperbranched polymer surfactants were investigated by the methods of surface tension, measuring cylinder and visible-infrared spectrometer. The results show that both surfactants have high surface activity; G2-SHBP exhibit higher surface activity than G1-SHBP with a CMC of 0.2 g/L and a γCMC of 25.36 mN/m; and both perform good emulsify power which exhibit better emulsion stability than SDBS; and high resistance to inorganic salt which can reach up to 260 g/L ( NaCl), 140 g/L(CaCl2) and 190 g/L(MgCl2), respectively.

Different types of formaldehyde scavenger were used to remove free formaldehyde in aldehyde tanning leather. The results showed that: the formaldehyde removal effect of self-made aminated collagen (EAC) was the best, followed by hyperbranched polymer with active methylene (HPAM). Then the mixture of EAC and HPAM was used to remove free formaldehyde. The optimum conditions were obtained by single factor experiment. The weight ratio of EAC and HPAM was 1:1 and the processing time was 2h. Finally, EAC, the mixture of EAC with HPAM and chitosan were used to remove free formaldehyde in oxazolidine tanned sheep skin. The comparison results showed that the formaldehyde-removal rate of the mixture of EAC and HPAM reached to 75% which was better than that of EAC and chitosan, but also it had obvious thickening and assisting dyeing effects to leather.

Polylactide(PLA)-based wood plastic composites(WPCs) modified with SBS were manufactured by extrusion blending followed by injection molding. The fracture surfaces created from the impact test were recorded with SEM. Fractal analysis has been used to calculate the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces with four different techniques. Then, the relationship between the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces and its impact strength of the PLA-based WPCs was investigated with the linear regression nethod. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the impact strength and the fractal dimension for each calculation method.

Polylactide(PLA)-based wood plastic composites (WPCs) toughened with LLDPE were manufactured by extrusion blending followed by injection molding. The fracture surfaces created from the impact test were recorded with SEM. Fractal analysis has been used to calculate the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces with four different techniques. Then, the relationship between the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces and its impact strength of the PLA-based WPCs was investigated with the linear regression. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the impact strength and the fractal dimension for each calculation method.

Glyoxylic acid was used to carboxylic collagen protein which obtained by the hydrolysis of gelatin. Al (Ⅲ) was complex to it with aluminium tanning principle in tanning chemistry and the novel flocculent (CGAl) was prepared. Use CODcr removal rate, suspended solid and chroma to indicate the flocculation effect on waste drilling water. The results indicated that when CGAl was used, its dosage was 10.5g/L and the range of pH and temperature were widely. After flocculation, CODcr removal rate was 92.3%, suspended solid decreased from 2115mg/L to 65mg/L, and chroma reduced from 1003 times to 6 times. So the flocculation effect was obviously.

Hyperbranched polymer with different contents of terminal amino group synthesized with succinic anhydride and DETA through the molten polymerization method was used in the dying process of microfiber synthetic leather substrate as color fixing agent. The effect on dye-uptake, surface chromas of microfiber synthetic leather substrate, wet and dry rub fastness was discussed. The result indicated that when the dosage of hyperbranched polymer with 5.85% terminal amino groups was 0.8%, the dye uptake rate was 92.92% and surface chroma was the best, the wet and dry rub fastness of microfiber synthetic leather substrate were almost unchanged.

Polylactide (PLA)-based wood plastic composites (WPCs) were manufactured by extrusion blending followed by injection molding. The fracture surfaces created from the impact test were recorded with SEM. Fractal analysis has been used to calculate the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces with four different fractal analysis techniques. Then, the correlation between the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces and its impact strength of the PLA-based WPCs was investigated by the linear regression. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the impact strength and the fractal dimension.

A color fixing agent of collagen (PCDMC) was prepared by free radical polymerization water solution polymerization of methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) with collagen hydrolysate at the protection of nitrogen and using t-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) and sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) as redox initiator pair. The solid content and viscosity of color fixing agent was 37% and 300-600mPa•s, respectively. Then it was used in leather color fixing process and compared with commercial products DT-A622 and formic acid. The leather handle, dye uptake rate, K/S value and resistance to dry and wet fastness were as index to evaluate their color fixing effect. The results showed that PCDMC took on excellent softness and color, dye uptake rate was 97%, K/S value was 23, dry rub fastness and wet rub fastness were improved 0.5-1 grades.

Collagen was immobilized onto moderate acid activated polyamide fibers with glutaraldehyde (cross-linking agent) aimed to improve its sanitary property. The immobilization of collagen onto polyamide fiber was estimated by dyeing collagen modified fabrics with a cationic brilliant red 5GN, and determining the dyeing properties of the dyed fabrics. The modification also confirmed technically by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscope (AFM). Cationic dyeing showed brighter and more even dyeing properties of the collagen modified fabrics compared to the non-treated fabrics. From DSC results, it was found that the thermo-stability of the non-treated and collagen modified fabrics changed a lot. The morphology of different samples from SEM and AFM also approved the immobilization of collagen. The moisture absorption and hydrophilicity of the fabrics after collagen immobilization improved compared to the non-treated fabrics.

The methods of COD30 and respiratory curve were adopted to evaluate the biodegradability of hyperbranched surfactant which was used as the substrate of microorganism. The main results obtained by the method of respiratory curves were as follows. When the concentration of substrate was 0~250mg/L, the respiratory curves of the substrate were above the curve of endogenous, which showed that the substrate was easy to utilize by microorganism. The main results obtained by the method of COD30 were as follows: when sludge concentration was 1000mg/L and pH was 7, the biodegradation rate of 200mg/L hyperbranched surfactant was 97.8%. The main results obtained by the method of respiratory curves were as follows: When the concentration of substrate was 200 mg/L, the utilization of the substrate by microorganism was the most, respectively. Moreover, the effect of pH, inoculation amount and salinity on the biodegradability of the substrate was obvious. Through experiments, the optimum conditions for the substrate to be degraded could be listed as follows: pH was 8.5, salinity was 0.3% and the range of inoculation amount was 3000mg/L.

The aminated collagen fiber (ACF) was prepared by modifying collagen fiber (CF) with ethylenediamine and cynuric chloride as crosslinking agent. The appropriate modification conditions were optimized by single factor experiment method. The reaction molar ratio of CNC and -NH2 was 1.4, the reaction time of ice water bath was 3h, the temperature of the second phase was 45°C and the reaction time was 4h, the temperature of the third phase was 70°C and the reaction time was 3h. The content of amino of collagen fiber and aminated were measured by the method of salicylaldehyde. The structures of collagen fiber and aminated collagen fiber were characterized by SEM and FTIR respectively. The adsorption capacities and the content of amino of CF and ACF were observed by dealing with acidic black dyeing and sturgeon skin dyeing wastewater.

In the present paper, a preliminary exploration which includes the theoretical analysis and experimental study on the wave propagation through a micro gap was carried out. Harmonic waves, normal incidence, smooth and flat interface were taken into account. The theoretical and experimental results both show that the initial gap width has significant influences on the harmonics. Their relations may be effective on nondestructive evaluation of a pre-existing gap.

The aim of this work was to investigate the changes induced on nylon 6 fibers after moderate treated with formic acid and sulfuric acid. The dyeing properties of nylon 6 fibers after moderate acid treatment with reactive dye were measured. The content of amino groups, moisture absorption and contact angle of non-treated and moderate acid treated nylon 6 fabrics were determined and the effects of acid treatment on the structure, thermo-stability and morphology of nylon 6 fibers were investigated by FT-IR, SEM and DSC. The results indicate that the content of amino groups, moisture absorption and hydrophilicity of the fabrics enhanced and the dyeability improved after moderate acid treatment.

The methods of respiratory curve and COD30 were adopted to evaluate the biodegradability of acrylic retanning agent DT-R548 with medium and large relative molecular weight, which was used as the substrate of microorganism. The main results obtained by the method of respiratory curves were as follows. When the concentration of substrate was 0~3000mg/L, the respiratory curves of the substrate were under the curve of endogenous, which showed that the substrate has inhabiting effect on microorganism. When the concentration of the substrate was 1500mg/L, the utilization of the substrate by microorganism was the most. The main results obtained by the method of COD30 were as follows. When sludge concentration was 1000mg/L and pH was 7, the biodegradation rate of 1500mg/L DT-R548 was 19.74%. Under above condition, the biodegradation rates of DT-R548 with other concentrations were much smaller. Moreover, as indicated in the respiratory curves, the effect of sludge concentration, pH, salinity and co-metabolism on the biodegradability of the substrate was obvious. Under the experimental conditions, when the concentration of the substrate was 1500mg/L, the sludge concentration was 3000mg/L, pH was 7.5 and salinity was 0.5%, the biodegradability of the substrate was the best. The glucose was as co-metabolism substrate and when its concentration was 600mg/L, the biodegradability of the substrate was obviously increased.

The silicone succinate surfactant (PMPS) was synthesized by ring-opening reaction using polyether alcohol amine modified polysilosane (PAPS) with maleic anhydride (MA) as the raw materials, and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) was used as the catalyst. Sulfated castor oil and sulfated rapeseed oil were combinated with PMPS to prepare a new leather fatliqour (PMPSF) composed mainly of PMPS. The molecular structure of PMPS was characterized by FTIR spectra; the thermal properties of PMPS was characterized and analyzed by TGA. PMPSF was used in sheepskin wet blue leather and compared with oxidative sulfited vegetable oils (L-3) and RF-1 fatliquor; the waterproof and mechanical properties of the leather were measured. The results show that the thermal decomposition temperature of PMPS is 192.8°C. Fatliquor PMPSF provids a good level-dyeing property, the leather oiled by it has good flexibility and fullness, the waterproofness and mechanical properties of leather are also good. Moreover, compared with the leather fatliquored by L-3, the thickening rate of leather oiled by PMPSF reaches 13.7%.

The silicone succinate ester surfactant (PMPS) was synthesized by the raw materials of polyether alcohol amine modified polysilosane (PAPS) and maleic anhydride (MA) at 90°C for 4.5h, and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) was used as the catalyst. Sulfated neatsfoot oil, oxidized-sulfited fish oil was mixed with PMPS to prepare a new leather fatliqour (F-1). The structure of the materials and PMPS were characterized by FTIR. The biodegradability of F-1 was analyzed by BOD5 and CODCr and the tissue slices of the leather samples oiled by PMPS were observed by Multimedia Microscope to study the fatliquoring effect. The waterproof properties and the fatliquored leather were determined. All the results indicated that the F-1 fatliquor has good fatliquoring effect.

Hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyurethane elastomer (HBPU) was synthesized by graft copolymerization of hyperbranched poly (amine-ester) polyols(HPAE) and polyether-based aliphatic polyurethane prepolymer(PPU), and the PPU was synthesized by step polymerization of isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) with polyethylene glycol(PEG) and dibutyltin dilaurate(DBTDL) as catalyst. The FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA and XRD were used to characterize the structure, thermal properties and crystallinity of HBPU. The mechanical properties of the elastomers were conducted on a testing machine. Microphase separation of HBPU film surface was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results showed that the HBPU took on excellent hydrogen bonding and mechanical properties. The tensile strength of HBPU elastomer reached to 20.6MPa, which increased by 41.2 times than that of PPU elastomer. And the elongation at break was as high as 251.3%.

The hyper-branched polymer with terminal carboxyl (HPAE-C) was prepared by modifying hyper-branched polymer with terminal hydroxyl with maleic anhydride. The molecular structure of HPAE-C was characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The HPAE-C was used in the finishing process of microfiber synthetic leather, and its effect on the health properties of microfiber synthetic leather was studied. The results showed that hyper-branched polymer could improve the moisture absorption and permeability to water vapor of microfiber synthetic leather. When the dosage of HPAE-C was 8%, the permeability to water vapor and moisture absorption of microfiber synthetic leather were improved by 7% and 13%, respectively. The observation results obtained by using scanning electron microscope showed that HPAE-C could loose the fibers of synthetic leather.

A novel hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU) finishing agent was prepared by graft copolymerization of hyperbranched poly (amine-ester) polyols (HPAE) and the isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer(PPU). The PPU was synthesized by step polymerization of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. The FT-IR spectroscopy was used for the structural characterization. The thermal properties of HBPU were characterized by TGA. Microphase separation of HBPU film surface was studied by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, in contrast to 200-UT, the physical and mechanical properties of HBPU as finishing agent were investigated: curing time was decreased by 26.15% and the water vapor permeability was increased by 9.04%.

In order to avoid using P2O5 as phosphorylation reagent in phosphorylation reaction, an amphoteric phosphate ester surfactant was synthesized by using polyphosphate acid as phosphorylation reagent. The phosphorylation reaction studies confirmed the best condition was molar ratio of hydroxyl and P2O5 of 3.0:1.0, reaction temperature of 80°C and reaction time of 5.5h. The content of monoalkyl phosphate (MAP) and the conversion rate reached to 89.3% and 97.2%, respectively. The production of MAP product was increased by 15% than that of obtained by P2O5 as phosphorylation reagent. The structure of the phosphate ester surfactant was characterized by FTIR. The surface tension of phosphate ester surfactant was better than that of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The application results indicated the leather oiled by the amphoteric phosphate surfactant was softer and than that treated by L-3 fatliquor.