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Effect of remelting processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Nimonic 90 superalloy was investigated by OM (optical micrograph), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray) and tensile tests. The results indicated that the microstructure of the as-cast alloy was mainly composed of γ, γ' and carbides which contain Ti and Cr elements. The average grain size of the alloy tends to increase with mould shell temperature ranging from 350°C to 950°C. The strength of the as-cast alloy decreased with the increasing of mold shell temperature, with constant elongation as the mold shell temperature changes.

Large quantities of VIDP400 vacuum furnace smelting DZ417G oriented superalloys smelting process has been researched, analysis of the main factors affecting the organizational uniformity and stability, as well as the impact of high temperature tensile and lasting properties has been studied. The results showed that: At pulling rate of 4.5~8.5mm•min-1, after 1220°C solid solution treatment and 980°C aging system, the DZ417G superalloy had uniform chemical constitution with oxygen and nitrogen content of the alloy in sharply reduced to 13ppm. It can be got available treatment uniform structure with proper γ'phase size, with high-temperature tensile strength up to 750MPa, elongation of 17% reduction of area 22%. The lasting high temperature performance can reach to more than 100 hours.

Singular Value Decomposition used in spectrum feature extraction, often discards small component that may be important for identifying mineral oil products. This work presents a new method using the Singular Value Division (SVD) on Wavelet Transform (WT) with three-dimensional fluorescence spectra as the source of oil features. WT-SVD feature based fuzzy classification (FCM) is implemented and comparable or better results are yielded in more accurate, and more robust than SVD performance under random noise conditions. The result means that WT-SVD method can strike a balance between data compression and preservation of small valid information in feature extraction of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of mineral oils. This method is conducive to oil discrimination and pollution analysis in water environment monitoring.

With times of tensile tests, the tensile behavior of a kind of stainless steel at room temperature was determined. According to the results of tensile tests, some parameters of mechanical properties of the stainless steel can be obtained. Fatigue crack expansion of COD stainless steel specimens at room temperature can be simulated with the finite element software extensions.

To realize the process information sharing and three-dimensional annotation, a standardization description model for machining process information was proposed, which including three layers, natural language description layer, object oriented language description layer and symbolic language description layer. By extension the graphical symbol of surface texture, integrated with machining allowance, surface lay and direction, surface roughness, machining method and technical parameters, equipment, fixture, cutting tools, test information, and sequence number, a graphical symbol for three-dimensional machining process information was proposed. Then formulated the annotation specification of the graphical symbol, including annotation plane, position and orientation, associativity, indication of two or more machining step, restricted area and color using. Finally, a three-dimensional machining process planning system was developed, and a part machining process annotation was taken to illustrate the validity of the graphical symbol.

Monodispersed magnetic SmCo nanoparticles have been prepared by polyol synthesis using non-toxic inorganic precursors (nitrates). The effect of the additives of NaOH, HNO3, CH3COOH and poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) on the formation of SmCo nanoparticles is studied in this paper. The results indicate that base solution can boost the reduction of Co while acid solution is helpful for the formation of SmCo due to decreasing the reduction velocity of Co. CH3COOH is appropriate additive for the synthesis of SmCo nanoparticles, but more addition of CH3COOH will result in the emergence of CoC2 phase and decrease the coercivity of the resultants. The additive of PVP not only is a dispersing agent, but can prevent them from oxidating during preparation process. The SmCo nanoparticles with a size of 5-8 nm have the ferromagnetic properties of high coercivity (>1000 Oe).

Based on methods of the fuel consumption, statistical and analogy analysis, the throughput amount method was established to calculate the emissions from port handling, and the minimum mileage method was established to estimate emissions from port cargo highway distributing. In the methods, some coefficients were used obtained by investigations: the current container handling emission factors of NOx, VOCs, CO, PM2.5 and SOx are 1.64, 0.21, 0.42, 0.01 and 0.29 t/TEU; the energy consumption of the unit throughput is 4.12 tons of standard coal per 104tons; the ratios of the unit non container cargoe handling energy consumption for coastal and inland river ports to those of container cargo are 0.631 and 0.405; the ratio of the unit non container cargoe highway distributing energy consumption to those of container cargo is 0.365. The calculation results show that the total emissions from the cargo handling and highway distributing of 2013 in China for NOx, VOCs, CO, PM2.5 and SOx are 54.365, 14.821, 24.631, 5.599 and 16.802 104tons, and the emissions from highway distributing are 4.21, 10.02, 8.24, 8.22 and 8.19 times of the emissions from port handling facilities. According to energy saving and emission reduction measures, formulas were established to calculate air pollutant emissions after the new added measures. Analyzing the real performance of the measures implemented since 2001 and predicting its trend of development, a scenario was designed, in which the Chinese port throughput continuously rises while the energy saving and emission reduction efforts gradually increase by 2020: the popularities of the energy saving measure of "oil changing to electricity" and the clean fuel measure of "oil changing to gas" reach 100% and 83%; the proportion of power plants with 95% desulfurization and denitrification reaches 100%; the energy saving and emission reduction efficiency of port cargo distributing optimization measures reaches 40%. Under this scenario, the prediction shows that during the port throughput increasing approximately 4.2 times from 2005 to 2020, the air pollutant emissions will be reduced significantly, returning to a lower level compared with 2005. The above methods and results can be used to support the decision-making and the implementation of emission reduction measures for the national, regional and port enterprises.

This article is based on the theory of fractional calculus control, and put forward a kind of fractional order PI controller design method for lateral attitude control system of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) model. And the unit step response of the control system is analyzed in the simulation to improve the UAV flight control system stability and robustness. Use the controller parameter tuning method and combined with fuzzy reasoning to design IOPID controller, FOPI controller and fuzzy fractional order PI controller. Then, by exploiting Matlab, the frequency domain response and unit step response characteristics of the different control systems can be plotted. The results verified that the designed fuzzy fractional order controller for the attitude control system is effective.

Dense flow absorber of desulfurization is a new type of semi dry flue gas desulfurization technology, desulfurization of flue gas is mainly in the dense phase absorption tower. By using the turbulence model in Fluent.14 software, three-dimensional numerical simulation of dense phase in different flue gas entrance tower height of internal flow field. Selection of k- ε model as the calculation model, using Simple algorithm. Selected from the flue gas 1m, 2mand 3m, simulation the flow field distribution, combined with the experimental analysis.The results show that the flue gas entrance height from the top of the 1m, the flow field distribution is uniform, the minimum pressure drop.

In this paper, we studied the different content of aramid fiber, aramid pulp, carbon fiber, high silica fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber's effect on EPDM inhibitor material. The result show that aramid fiber can significantly improve the ablation resistance of thermal insulation layer, when the content of aramid fiber up to 6.7%,the inhibitor material's ablating rate get the minimum value 0.04mm/s. Aramid pulp can improve ablation resistance of thermal insulation layer, but its dispersion in insulation material is difficult. Others inorganic fiber can't lower the ablating rate as much as aramid fiber, it mainly because of the brittleness of inorganic fiber, during the dispersion process, most of fiber had been triturated, so those fiber can't decrease the liner ablation rate of the inhibitor.

NIPGA technology is used in order to detect the total nitrogen content in sewage quickly. D-D neutron generator is used as the neutron source and BGO detector is used to detect gamma rays of nitrogen. The simulated result of MCNP shows the nitrogen’s limit of detection is 0.2 mg/L and the total nitrogen in V-type water can be detected. So this method can be used to detect the total nitrogen content in sewage quickly.

The three parameters, hydraulic loading rate, organic loading rate and recirculation times have important influence on the efficiency of recirculation treatment, the recirculation experiment research removal of COD under different hydraulic loading rate, organic loading rate and recirculation times by the experimental devices built in landfill in a civil city. The result indicated that the hydraulic loading rate is the major influence parameter for leachate recirculation. When hydraulic loading rate was 30ml/L·d~200ml/L·d, COD removal efficiency was 70%~94%; However, organic loading rate has comparative minor influence on recirculation treatment; the apt recirculation times are 3 or 4 in a day; C/N of recirculation leachate have important influence on NH3-N removal rate, but the effect of hydraulic loading rate and recirculation times on NH3-N removal rate aren’t obvious.

The total phosphorus in water mainly exists in the forms of phosphate, condensed phosphate, and the compound of organophosphorus. Chemical sampling analysis method has low measuring accuracy and takes long time. NIPGA technology is used in order to detect the total phosphorus content in sewage quickly, and MCNP-4C is used to take simulating calculation. The calculating results show that the measuring accuracy is lower when the total phosphorus content is less than 0.10 mg/L. But this approach can meet the measurement requirements of total phosphorus content in II-type, III-type, IV-type and V-type water.

Based on the elastic model of a long-distance transmission roller chain, the elastodynamic analysis was taken in this paper, which has given unregulated displacement of chains. With RecurDyn software for the analysis and verification of the theoretical results, the displacement curves of X-axis, Y-axis and total displacement was obtained, which proved that the elastodynamic analysis on long-distance transmission roller chains is feasible with a continuous model.

After describing the diseases on hinge joints of the hollow plate and analyzing causes, eight reinforcement measures are put forward and introduced herein accordingly. By means of solid finite element analyzing method, the article conducts a contrastive analysis on a variety of working conditions of those eight reinforcement measures, including the hinge joint stress and transverse distribution parameter. Three ideal methods are selected to conduct further analysis on the reinforcement effect of the hinge joint stress and it is concluded that there is risk in one way steel beam hinge joint reinforcement and two ideal methods are two-way steel beam reinforcement and adding transverse diaphragm in precast phase. From the perspective of fundamental solution to hinge joints, two-way reinforcement exerts more obvious effect on the bridges in service while adding transverse diaphragm is better for newly built bridges. Making it easy for design and construction, this paper offers constructive reference for engineering practice by deducting the vertical arrangement distance of the steel beam, presenting needs to be met by the shear resistance and flexural bearing capacity after verifying reasonable distance, discussing numbers and distance of transverse diaphragm and summarizing the strain of the external prestressed steel beam.

For low price bidding method, how to detect the cost price has been the research difficulty and hot. Effective detection method of combination entropy decision and fuzzy risk evaluation was proposed.According to each construction unit’ project bidding risk index systems, using entropy proportion method to determine the weights, and then through the project risk fuzzy evaluation model, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of risk value, and finally according to the size of risk value in order to determine the level of profits, and the cost was determined. The effectiveness was validated through the practical engineering cases. The method opened up that judge bidding price whether lower than the cost. While overcoming the only pursuit of winning the bid in the lowest price, regardless of the disadvantages whether lower than the cost.

Five kinds of catalyst were prepared with Chromium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel loading on the γ–Al2O3. Catalyst loading rate, effects to the ozone suction rates and water quality change situation of catalytic ozonation to leachate were studied. It can be found that when the mO3/mCOD equaled 0.11, 0.15 and 0.26 separately, and mCatalyst/mCOD fixed at 5, the cobalt has the highest loading rate, the cadmium catalyst could improve the ozone absorption rate, the chromium catalyst makes against the ozone absorption rate, the copper catalyst can increase the COD removal rate and the nickel catalyst has advantages for the NH3–N removal rate. Results indicate that: the leachate COD removal rate increased by 20.2 percent by the copper catalyst adding and the NH3–N removal rate rise 20.7 percent with the nickel catalyst; the best dosage of the ozone in catalytic ozonation is mO3/mCOD at 0.12 to 0.13; the degree of oxidation is exited.

The cables unstressed length is an important key parameter of design and construction control. In order to accurately calculate cables unstressed length for cable-stayed bridges, the longer principle for cables is avoided at current. The various factors were fully considered which affect cables unstressed length, and the sensitivity parameters of various factors were analyzed. The sensitivity factors were identified, and not sensitivity factors were ignored. It is sensitivity factors that towers deviation in advance, towers dynamic displacement, girders pre-camber, girders dynamic displacement, temperature difference, cables elastic modulus error, the load values with calculation of cables for elastic elongation. The accurately calculation method of cables unstressed length was proposed, which was based on sensitive factors. The method of cables unstressed length is more reasonable and accurate.

The transport of pathogenic bacteria from wastewater treatment facilities in subsurface has attracted extensive concerns over recent decades, while the impact of effluent water chemistry remains unclear. The influence of retention time in effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant on bacterial surface properties and deposition ofEscherichia colistrains in saturated quartz sand packed-bed columns was investigated in this paper. Retentions in effluent significantly altered bacterial surface properties, such as zeta potential, surface charge and hydrophobicity, subsequently changed their deposition rate coefficients and attachment efficiencies in quartz sand packed-bed columns. Under low ionic strength conditions, bacterial deposition onto quartz sand grains was in agreement with the predictions of DLVO theory, in which the secondary energy minimum was demonstrated to be predominant.

Hard alloy has been widely applied as a type of cutter material and cemented carbide cutting tools have become the main tools for processing enterprises in our country. During the blade production process, traditional artificial detection methods for surface defects can't satisfy the demands of production quality and production efficiency any longer. Online automation rapid detection has been realized based on the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) by utilizing the computing capability of GPU.

In conjunction with theoretical heat exchange model, experimental investigations have been conducted for a coupled system of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Regenerative Heat Exchange (RHE), to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) from coal-fired boilers and High Temperature Air Combustion (HiTAC) furnaces. Results indicate there is no effect of catalysis reactions on heat transfer; catalysts serve the function of heating elements. The outlet NO concentration periodically decreased in an almost linear fashion. NO conversion: i) rose slowly with a longer switching time; and ii) reached the peak value of temperature with a delay compared with the steady state. The coupled system requires less space and hence is a suitable option for SCR renovations in coal-fired power plants.

Network Community like Sina Weibo platform and Facebook website spend much time and money into provide users with appropriate advertisements. There exits great space to improve the current situation that users receive much news they don’t like, and change the situation that server need to push news to all users who are interested in certain product. This algorithm based on Friendly Value enables server to push news to only some of the users and the rest will see them by forwarding among these users. Algorithm clarify the relationship between users. Making it like a graph. Algorithm tested more than 2,000 users from Sina Weibo using crawler, and find that, when we get a group of users who show interests in a certain product, algorithm can help to shrink this group to an accurate number of users, and by these users, the whole group will see the news of this certain product, thus decrease time and resources on server. We invented Friendly Value which reflect user’s enthusiasm on Internet in terms of publishing and making comments to help us do the research. Modified similarity is also used to find users who are interested in certain commodity but not important part in this article.

The properties of interface and bonding between the liner and propellant were systematically studied with regard to MAPO content, filler and plasticizer types, and vulcanized agent. It was indicated that the bonding strength of liner and propellant arrive the highest value 0.32MPa when MAPO contents was 3% and there is a little effect on bonding strength for vulcanized parameter. Moreover, the bonding strength gets weaker when the content of plasticizer decreases. Significantly, the molecular sieve can improve bonding strength greatly. Compared with other cure agent, TDI was the best vulcanized agent, and when it was used in the vulcanized system, the highest value of bonding strength between liner and propellant could be obtained.

Combined with the theories of distributed monitoring, the technologies of virtual instrumentation and database management,a grid-connected photovoltaic monitoring system is developed based on virtual instrumentation technology. The hardware architecture and software programming are expounded, by hardware and software ways, various parameters of the grid-connected photovoltaic system are collected and analyzed real-timely with CompactRIO system and PXI measuring system, it realizes the functions of monitoring the performance of the PV at the real-time, detecting the power quality of the common coupling point (PCC) and historic data management. Compared with traditional monitoring system, not only it meets the requirements of grid research for sampling speed, precision and recording capacity, but also the friendly interactive interface and the flexible expansibility are more comfortable for operators.

The bulk porous nickel was fabricated by layer scanning jet electrodeposition, a novel porous metal preparation technique. The dendritic crystalline layer or normal layer of the bulk porous nickel can be obtained by controlling of the growth conditions. The effects of deposition conditions, such as jet velocity, deposition current density, jet scanning mode, scanning rate, electrolyte solution, etc., on the morphology and growth process of the dendritic structures were studied in detail. It is revealed that the deposition rate and the uniformity of the pore distribution for the bulk porous Ni increase with the decrease of jet velocity. The depositing current density has an upper and lower limit. The dendritic structures are sensitive to the scanning rate, scanning mode, electrolyte solution. As a result, the optimized bulk porous nickels with controllable dendritic crystalline layered structure, pore size and porosity were fabricated by accurately controlling the growth conditions above.

We report an indoor visible light communication (VLC) system by using of on-off-keying (OOK). Firstly, the magnitude of the channels frequency response was measured. Based on the measured data, we introduced the pre-equalization technology into the system. Finally, the system operated up to 312.5 Mbit/s with bit-error-ratios below 10-6. The results were achieved for illuminance levels recommended by lighting standards.

In this paper, we propose a novel multimedia technology based physical training approach which is constructed on Internet environment. After analyzing the requirements of modern physical training, we design a internet-based multimedia physical training platform, which can concentrate on the interaction of teacher and students and can fully utilize the multimedia resource in physical training process. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed physical training approach, we conduct two experiments for performance evaluating. Experimental results show that the proposed approach performs better than traditional methods.

This paper studied the effect of strong acid---concentrated sulfuric acid---on organic phase physical properties, copper extraction rates as well as phase behaviors in the process of copper solvent extraction. Results demonstrate that with the increase of contact time between organic phase and concentrated sulfuric acid, the organic phase density and viscosity slightly decreased, copper extraction rate linearly decreased from 99.8% to 99.5%, and the average size of organic phase droplet in raffinate cyclically trended to decrease. When the contact time is less than 20 hrs, phase disengagement rate decreased slowly. However, further increasing the contact time the phase disengagement rate decreased rapidly. Organic phase physical properties have little effect on phase disengagement rate.

Mathematical statistical method (MSM) is a very important wastewater treatment plant data processing analysis tool. In this study, MSM had been used to evaluate the efficiency, stability and reliability of the low-strengthen complex wastewater treatment system. Results showed that while LSCWWTs upgrading in the future, each influent parameter could be set as the follows: COD = 738 mg/L, BOD = 300 mg/L, SS = 454 mg/L, TN = 64.3 mg/L, NH3-N = 65.2 mg/L and TP = 7.65 mg/L. For effluent of LSCWWTs, the stabilities of COD, BOD, SS and TN were all A, TP was B, and NH3-N was D. For effluent COD, TN and NH3-N reached the first class discharge standard of A, the reliability probabilities were 83.89%, 80.23% and 99.43%, respectively. And the reliability probabilities of effluent WQPs reached the first class discharge standard of B were all more than 98%.

The surface of aramid fiber is very smooth and chemical inert.The adhesiveness of aramid fiber with EPDM rubber materials is not good.So the tensile strength of EPDM rubber composite materials is influenced seriously.This paper modified the surface of aramid fiber with silicon coupling agentKH-550. We test the chang of fibers in surface with the ESCA,and the result is that content of carbon decreased ,while content of nitrogen and oxygen element increased.The activity of surface of fiber has been increased. Strength of composite materials increased from 2.58MPa to 3.22 MPa . The SEM photos of samples indicate that the weight of EPDM rubber on surface of EPDM rubber is more than untreated fiber composite materials .The treating effect on aramid fiber is best when the concentration of KH-550 is 5%,5hours.

This paper is on the effects of the wear elongation on a long-distance transmission roller chain. It presents the formulas of load calculation and the formulaic relationship between load and wear elongation in theory, with the point-by-point calculation method and chains/sprockets gearing model. With RecurDyn software for the analysis and verification of the theoretical results, it concludes that the total tension of every chain is the sum of static load and the corresponding proportion of dynamic load, and that a logical pre-tension can effectively reduce the vibration.

A new control approach for velocity and tension regulation is proposed in the web winding system. The TC control strategy is based on active compensation, which actively compensates for dynamic variations and unexpected disturbances. The simulation of a typical web winding system is applied to provide realism. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller in dealing with broad dynamic variations and non-matching parameters conditions.

Building an efficient data structure for range selection problems is considered. While there are several theoretical solutions to the problem, only a few have been tried out, and there is little idea on how the others would perform. The computation model used in this paper is the RAM model with word-size . Our data structure is a practical linear space data structure that supports range selection queries in time with preprocessing time.

In this study, thick ceramic coatings were fabricated by laser multi-layer cladding with Al2O3-13%TiO2nanostructured agglomerated powders based on series of crack control of clad layer. The microstructural characteristics and microhardness of the coating were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microhardness measurement. The results show that the laser-clad thick ceramic coating has no obvious interface between the layers with dense, continuous structure, and almost no pores and free of large penetrating cracks. The ceramic layer is composed of fully melted regions (fine equiaxed grains) and partially melted regions (remained nanoparticles). In addition, the most microcracks in the coating are focus on the partially melted region. The grain size of ceramic coating in the depth direction is gradually increased, while the hardness along depth direction is gradually decreased.

In this paper, two ways of levitation support of ultrasonic thrust bearing are disscussed. Based on the mechanism of the near-field ultrasonic levitation, the front cover of the piezoelectric transducer is designed as conical structure.The ultrasonic radiation pressure which distributes on the conical surface can be decomposed into the axial and radial supporting the levitation subject bidirectionally. Finnally contrast experiments are carried out, indicating that when the requirement of levitation mass being satisfied, the way of bidirectional support runs more stably compared with the pure way of the axial levitation support.It supposes that the way of bidirectional levitation support is more conducive to improve the rotating speed of the rotor.

The formation of cracks is one of the key problems which restricts the development and application of laser-clad ceramic coating technique on metal surface, especially during laser multi-layer cladding process because of stress superposition effect. In this study, a thick ceramic coating was fabricated by laser multi-layer cladding based on series of crack control methods. The crack of clad layer was controlled by preheating and slow cooling rate of sample with incubator, applying the ultrasonic vibration and adopting closed-loop controlling temperature of molten pool during laser cladding process. In addition, the crack of layer was controlled by the strengthening and toughening effect of remained nanoparticles in the laser-clad coating. Moreover, the use of a transition layer is also help to reduce layer cracks. The results show that the laser-clad ceramic coating is free of macroscopic cracks and the mcirocrack density is significantly reduced.

In order to study the effect of fillers with adsorption and drying on rubbish degradation, leachate production and water quality of leachate, five cylinder reactors for landfill disposal were built to simulate the operation of landfill, one reactor was used as contrast reactor, no filler added in it. Saw powder, activated carbon, zleolite and newspaper were added into another four reactors. In the experiment, rubbish cell height, leachate production, COD and NH3-N concentration of leachate and heavy metals concentration of leachate were monitored. The experimental results indicate that fillers with adsorption and drying in rubbish have strong effect on reducing leachate production, accelerating degradation of rubbish and reducing pollutants in leachate. Overall, saw powder is more perfect in taking these actions than other three fillers.

The bridge-type displacement amplifier is modeled by the analytical method and finite element method. The analytical relationship between the input displacement and output displacement is established. The analytical model is validated by finite element method. The geometric parameters influence of amplification ratio is studied. The comparison results show that the link length and the link angle influence the amplification ratio dramatically. A small link angle and a large link length is beneficial to the amplification ratio. The finite element method has a more precise simulation results than the analytical method under the circumstance of small link angle and short link length.

Large amount of loose deposits and potential geo-hazards were formed by Wenchuan earthquake , which would be transformed into collapses, landslide and debris flows under the condition of rainfall or aftershock. The paper divides influence factors into triggering factors and background factors, and constitutes susceptibility forecast system for geo-hazard based on factors in parallel or series. The background system contains stratum, distance to river, relief, slope and aspect of slope. And the triggering system includes distance to seismic fault and rainfall . The paper applies and verifies the system to forecast the susceptibility of geo-hazard in study area, and the result shows that 52 small watersheds are in extremely high and high states accounting for 37.68% in 138 small watersheds. According to the statistics of 23 geo-hazards from field investigation, 13 geo-hazards are in extremely high risk grade of susceptibility and 10 geo-hazards are in high risk grade of susceptibility , which shows that the result of susceptibility forecast of geo-hazard is reasonable. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

Arrayed ZnO crystals were fabricated with Zn as raw material by thermal chemical vapor deposition in a tubular reactor. The characterizations indicate the product grown at upstream is the well-arrayed ZnO submicro-column with good crystal properties, that at downstream is well-arrayed nanoneedle with more defects. In combination of mass field analysis with Fluent, it is revealed that the concentration fields at the upstream and downstream positions of Zn source are not identical even in an identical temperature field. It is the diffusion that drives Zn vapor move to upstream position where the O2is rich, and the amount diffuse to upstream is rare due to the transportation of working gas. Most of O2is consumed when passes the Zn source, leading to more lean O2but rich Zn at the downstream position of Zn source. Our results support that lower concentration of Zn and O2is in favor of the formation of perfect crystal as happened at upstream, but in such condition that more Zn and rare O2, defects of O vacancy is liable to form during ZnO growth.

Abundant landslides were triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. The paper mapped 4722 earthquake-induced landslides and used Geographic Information System to finish the statistical data about the occurrence of landslides correlating with environmental factors including distance from middle faults, lithology, altitude, river, and slope steepness. Because the seismic energy released along the middle faults and the attenuation of energy was obvious in minor axis, the zonal distribution of landslides was consistent with strike of middle faults and about 64.42% of landslides occurred within 20 km from middle faults of Longmenshan. As the middle faults and front faults both belonged to thrust faults, the impact of earthquake in hanging wall was higher than that in footwall. Therefore, the density of landslide in hanging wall of middle faults was obviously higher than that in footwall. As the release of seismic energy was restricted by landform and river, landslides were concentrative and consistent with the spatial distribution of rivers in the mountainous terrain. The scale effect of seismic acceleration was so intense in top of mountain with high difference in elevation along river that the origin of most landslides were in upside of slope. About 99.43% of landslides distributed in area where the seismic intensity was more than VII.

The development of dry cell production in the world is advancing towards the high-speed and intellectualization direction, the input reduction for production cost by improving the comprehensive performance level and utilizing the advanced equipment has been the urgent demand for development of battery industry. The lagging situation that the detection by naked eye manually is relied to perform the quality assurance for dry cell substratum is broken based on the online high-speed automatic detection technology for pixel digitization of visual image. The principles on battery image processing and feature division as well as the principle on pixel over- fitting and accurate rectification during the process of pixel digitization detection for dry cell substratum are discussed in this paper, and such base and core for battery image processing as edge detection and accurate rectification technology are described.

Computational calculation is conducted to evaluate the effects of the swimmers posture and swimsuit on the hydrodynamic performance using the Fluent code. Both steady and unsteady models are applied on a 2D geometry. It is found that the swimmers posture and swimsuit play an important role on the hydrodynamic performance. The unsteady modeling reveals the vortex formation, development and separation behind the feet, and predicts the variation of the forces on the swimmer by time. The results provide a basis theoretically for the swimmer to understand the effects of posture and swimsuit on the resistive force, and then to provide tools for the optimization of underwater swimming.

The author discusses the importance of Computer-aided translation (CAT hereinafter) translation technology as a result of the booming international communication and then probes into the research and development of CAT technology and its theoretical approaches, and finally looks into its future trend.

The author will compare and evaluate two translation softwares Déjà Vu X (DVX) and SDL Trados 7.0 mainly from three aspects with his own E-C translation experience: the terminology databases, translation memories, and working interfaces used in DVX and SDL Trados 7.0 respectively, and will accordingly highlight the advantages and disadvantages of both, in the hope that this paper will be of certain help for the choice, application and evaluation of both tools.

The application of regenerative combustion technology to industry burners has been a huge success. This paper presents an experimental study on the change of the temperature field and the concentration of NO in the flue gas in an industrial furnace. The result showed that the concentration of NO increased with the rise of temperature. For the reversing time of 20s, 40s, 60s, and 80s, the temperature of each point changed in accordance with similar rules, but the temperature of the former three measuring points did not obviously change. The heat transfer occured mainly in the last two layers of the regenerative cells, and the utilization of all the regenerators was only 40 percent. The heating curve of the sixth measuring points was significantly different from the cooling one. With the increase of the reversing time, the flue gas and the air temperature variation also increased.

Based on the method of power bond graph, the simulation model of the hydraulic system of the hydraulic breaker is presented. Treanor’s numerical method is applied to calculate the dynamic response of the hydraulic breaker in time domain. The dynamic Characteristics of the piston and the spool is achieved. The influence regularity of the working parameters on the performance of hydraulic breaker is shown.

In this paper, the morphology of machined surface in turning NbC particle reinforced iron-base composites was investigated. It indicates that since the dispersive distribution of reinforcing particles, the machined surface is likely to occur various defects such as tool traces, small pits, discontinuous grooves or micro-cracks. Moreover, the surface generation mechanism was discussed. There exist three different behaviors for reinforcing particles such as brittle breakage, pressed into or flaking off the machined surface during machining. Generally, particles of small diameter are likely to be pressed into the matrix and the machining defects are relatively slight. However, particles of large diameter are likely to break or flake off, which makes surface integrity deteriorate.

A anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) with an effective volume of 28.7 L was adopted, and the hydrogen production efficiency was investigated with diluted molasses as the substrate. Using a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic activated sludge, the ABR was start-up with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and 35°C. When the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was gradually increased from 500 mg/L to 6000 mg/L after a 63-day operation, the ABR kept a steady state. The increase of influent COD concentration, from 6000 mg/L to 8000 mg/L stage by stage, had the remarkable changes on the fermentative system. The ethanol-type fermentation was formed in the first three compartments, while butyric acid-type fermentation in the 4th compartment. In the steady stage at the influent COD of 8000 mg/L, the biogas (H2) yield was found 61.54 L/d (12.85 L/d) while specific H2 production rate of the activated sludge was 48 L/kgMLVSS∙d. Although the ABR system accumulated hydrogen-producing acetogen, due to the hydrogen-consuming bacteria (methanogen and homoacetogenic bacteria), the hydrogen production efficiency was badly inhibited.

The regenerative combustion technology has been widely used in the recovery of flue gas waste heat, but the denitration is not considered. This article is based on the comprehensive application of the Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR) technology and the regenerative combustion technology to recycling waste heat and removing NOx from flue gas. In many industrial heating processes, the temperature of flue gas falls from above 1000°C to the ambient temperature (50°C-100°C) along regenerators, while the temperature window of most catalysts ranges from 200°C to 450°C, meanwhile catalysts and regenerative cells are porous mediums, so the regenerative cells that hold a temperature range for catalytic reactions can be replaced by catalysts, and the waste heat of flue gas can be recovered and the nitrogen oxides can be removed simultaneously.