Search

In this paper, Huadian oil shale from Jilin Province of China was selected as the object of study. Firstly, the ignition temperature, complete combustion temperature, maximum mass loss rate, flammability index C and comprehensive combustion characteristic index S during the separate combustion of oil shale was measured , as well as during the combustion of oil shale mixed with coal, by using the thermo-gravimetric analytical method. Then, the impact of blending ratio on the combustion characteristic parameter was discussed, and conducted modeling for the oil shale blending combustion system was established with the steady-state simulation software program Aspen Plus. Finally, we obtained the exhaust gas temperature, volume flow of gases such as CO, CO2 and SO2, as well as their impacts on the operating conditions of the boiler during the mixing combustion under different excess air coefficients.

Thermoelectric (TE) devices are increasingly being seen as having the potential to make important contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and providing cleaner forms of energy. A number of articles have been devoted to the thermoelectric properties of materials. From the search for novel and effective thermoelectric materials the clathrate structures has emerged as one of the most promising candidates for achieving very high thermoelectric figure of merit: ZT= α2σT/κ, where α, T, σ and κ are the Seebeck coefficient, absolute temperature, electrical conductivity, and total thermal conductivity, respectively [1]. For the past decade, caged clathrate compounds of group IV elements have attracted much attention because they would possess a low kL value as the theoretical minimum one, which results from rattling of atoms filled in their cages [2-3]. There are the type-I, type-III, and type-VIII structures in thermoelectric clathrates, but most compounds adopt type-I structure (space group No.223; Pm-3n). A large number of the type-I clathrates with the chemical formula of II8III16IV30 (II=Ba, Sr, Eu, III=Al, Ga, In, and IV= Si, Ge, Sn) have been synthesized and studied intensively [5-11], which results in relatively high ZT values such as 0.7 at 700 K for Ba8Ga16Ge30 and 0.87 at 870 K for Ba8Ga16Si30 [3]. Among type-I clathrates, a single-crystal n-type Ba8Ga16Ge30 grown using the Czochralski method with a ZT of 1.35 at 900 K is one of the most promising results [12].

In undersea applications, contactless power transferring (CPT) systems are surrounded by seawater, and show very different characters versus those used in air. To improve the transferring capacity and stability of CPT systems used in seawater, a new model was established in this paper, and the parasitic capacitance across the coupled coils was considered in this model. By using two-port network method, the model was analyzed to demonstrate the transferring properties of the system. Coupling parameters and parasitic capacitances of a physical prototype were measured, and the data were used to compare the two models inner characters. Conclusions of this research can be used in more in-depth studies.

The paper discuss the application of CRI method in the fuzzy reasoning in the following three aspects: (1) the influence of different implication operators on the classification result; (2) the influence of different shape of triangles on the classification result when fuzzying the example as a triangle; (3) the influence of different compound algorithms on the classification result. The paper presents the maximum information entropy methods to calculate the classification result for a given rule and compares the CRI method with the similarity-based method in the fuzzy classification problems. The experiments show that choosing proper parameters can make the classification accuracy obtained by CRI method prior to the accuracy obtained by similarity-based method. Thereby proves the validity of CRI method in the classification problems.

In this study, nano ZrO2 powders were incorporated into Al-5 wt% Zn sacrificial anode and the effect of ZrO2 contents (wt% =0.1, 0.2) on microstructures and electrochemical properties were investigated. The results show that the addition of nano ZrO2 was effective on improving metallurgical and electrochemical properties. With the increase of ZrO2 content, the dendritic structure is fined gradually and the corrosion current density values is also increased. The incorporation of ZrO2 also can result in a moderate efficiency value. When the ZrO2 content in the alloy was 0.2 wt%, the optimal microstructure, electrochemical properties and as high as 70% the efficiency value was obtained.

The present article reports the results of studies related to the synthesis of nanocrystalline ceria powder by combustion process using salt combustion aid. Cerium nitrate as oxidant and urea as fuel were used as reagents, Sodium Chloride was compared as combustion aid. The phase analysis and particle size were compared. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that employment of starting fuel with combustion aid resulted in synthesizing nanocrystalline ceria powder with fine agglomerates. By using combustion aid, the energetics of the combustion reaction and particle characteristics have been changed.

Based on process optimizing, in this article the dust was made a extraction analysis to investigate the ratio of lipophilic substances, which was collected in shanghai different traffic concentration areas. Also, the samples was made a infrared spectroscopy analysis to investigate the organic groups contained. It illustrates that the ratio of lipophilicity in traffic-intensive areas is higher up to 90.1 percent than in living area which is 33.5 percent, those of Shanghai suburb is the littlest, only 12.3 percent. the main functional groups of dust in Shanghai traffic-intensive areas are amino, associating hydroxyl, benzene ring, alkyl and-SH, which is similar to the main component of organic pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust.

Workmen for the wastewater treatment advocated wastewater reusing in the conference which the technically development and strategic research of China are main topic.Biofilter is useful as tertiary biofilm reacter.However, it often accrues clogging during cold period and needs frequent backwashing. Backblowing and partial backwashing can slow it. The average flux rised from 2.65 m3/m2.h to 2.84 m3/m2.h. The removal of NH3-N of cocurrent-flow and counter-flow biofilter can be improved. The parameter of partial backwashing depended on the rate of expanding.of counter-flow biofilter.The effect of different backblowing parameters on flux of cocurrent-flow biofilter would be described in this paper. From the parameters studied the bioifiltration time is the most important factor affecting the flux. The results show that the best flux is obtained when backblowing was made for 60s every 12h during 72h where the air pressure was 63 m3/m2.h and water pressure was 25.2 m3/m2.h.