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High-strength cable-steel bridge is the “lifeline” of steel structure bridges, which requires high comprehensive mechanical properties, and cold-drawing is the most important process to produce high-strength cable-steel bridge. Therefore, through the ABAQUS platform, a bridge wire drawing model was established, and the simulation analysis on the process of stress strain law and strain path trends for high-strength bridge steel wire from Φ 12.65 mm by seven cold-drawing to Φ 6.90 mm was conducted. The simulation results show that the wire drawing the heart of the main axial deformation, surface and sub-surface of the main axial and radial deformation occurred, with the increase in the number of drawing the road, the overall deformation of the wire was also more obvious non-uniformity. In the single-pass drawing process, the change in the potential relationship of each layer of material was small, and multiple inflection points appeared in the strain path diagram; the change in the seven-pass potential relationship was more drastic, which can basically be regarded as a simple superposition of multiple single-pass pulls.

In this paper, the hot compression tests were performed to study on deformation-induced pearlite transformation in vanadium microalloyed eutectoid steel. The results showed that volume fraction of deformation -induced pearlite were higher and the pearlite were spheroidized better under lower strain rate and higher strain in vanadium microalloyed steel. Ferrite grains and granular cementites were further refined through vanadium microalloying combined with deformation-induced pearlite transformation .Vanadium dissolved in γmatrix could retard deformation-induced pearlite transformation under low strain, vanadium carbides precipitated due to strain-induced precipitation eliminate the retardation when the strain was increased to a certain extent. Under heavy deformation, ferrite grains and granular cementites in vanadium microalloyed steel were finer compared with vanadium free steel.

The wrought Mg-containing high-silicon aluminum alloy has become more attractive as an ideal structural material, because it has moderate strength and the ductility, high wear and corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and low cost. However, as structural material, the fatigue properties and the fatigue fracture behavior of it should be paid much more attention to, especially the effect of Si content on the fatigue properties of wrought Mg-containing Al-Si alloy. In this paper, the wrought Al-(1.44%, 4.92%, 6.61%, 8.81% and 12.4%)Si-0.7%Mg alloy were prepared through DCC and homogenization treatment, and then hot-rolled and cold-rolled into 1.3mm sheets. The microstructure and fatigue fracture morphology of Al-(1.44~12.4)Si-0.7Mg-T4 alloy sheet after fatigue test were investigated by LSCM and SEM. The results showed that the size of Si particles in Al-(1.44~12.4)Si-0.7Mg alloy sheets was approximately the same, but the number of Si particles increased as the Si content increased. The size of recrystallization grain in Al-(1.44~12.4)Si-0.7Mg alloy sheets decreased from 47μm to 10μm when Si content increased from 1.44% to 12.4%, which indicates that increasing of Si content can refine the grain of Al-(1.44~12.4)Si-0.7Mg alloy sheets. With the increasing of Si content the propagation area of fatigue fracture surface of Al-(1.44~12.4)Si-0.7Mg alloy sheets in T4 temper became rougher, and crack propagation became more difficult. Moreover, dimples in the fast fracture area became larger in amount, smaller in size and more uniform in distribution.

The microstructure of Al-1.01Mg-1.11Si-0.38Cu-0.69Mn aluminum alloy plate hot-rolled from homogenization and homogenization-free ingots were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy assisted with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The results showed that there are 3 main kinds of constituents such as Mg2Si, AlCuMgSi and AlFeMnSi in the as-cast Al-1.01Mg-1.11Si-0.38Cu-0.69Mn aluminum alloy ingot. After homogenization treated at 545°C for 24h, the black Mg2Si and the white bright AlCuMgSi particles in the ingot dissolved into matrix, but the grey AlFeMnSi phase partly dissolved, contracted into sphere and become coarse, many ultrafine dispersoids appear in the dendritic arms. The constituents in the plates hot-rolled from the homogenization and homogenization-free ingots are both distributed as broken chains along the rolling direction. However, compared with the particles configuration in the plate that hot-rolled from homogenization ingot, the particles in the plate that hot-rolled from the homogenization-free ingot are finer, more numerous and more homogenous, and with insufficient recrystallization when the plates are solution treated at 545°C for 2 h and then water quenched.

7475 aluminium alloy is widely used in aerospace industry and military field. There are many dispersoid former elements in 7475 aluminium alloy, such as Mn, Cr, Ti, Zr and Sc. And the dispersoid configuration has important effect on the performance of alloy wrought. The characteristic of dispersoids in the semi-continuous casting ingot of 7475 aluminum alloy and the evolution of their distribution during rolling have been investigated. The size, shape and distribution of dispersoids are controlled by pre-treatment before homogenization. The results show that there are many coarse triangular, irregular block and spindly rod-like dispersoids which contain some of Cr and Mg and a little of Cu and Zn in the 7475 aluminum alloy which subject to conventional one-step homogenization treatment. The size and the distribution of the Cr-containing dispersoids is not uniform. The width of the coarse dispersoids is close to 1 micron and the length of the spindly rod-like dispersoids is more than 4 microns. There is no dispersoids in the center of the dendritic grains, but the nonuniform distribution of dispersoids is eliminated when the hot rolling reduction exceed 80%. The dispersoids can be significantly refined and homogenously distributed by pre-treated before the conventional one-step homogenized. The pre-treatment can stimulate the nucleation of Cr-containing dispersoids, narrow down the dispersoids free zone. The size of the dispersoids is dramatically reduced by pre-treated before the conventional homogenization, and the width of the coarse dispersoids and length of the spindly rod-like ones are less than 300 nm and 1 micron.

The tensile strength and plastic behavior of the Cr16Ni6 steel were investigated at 298K (298K) and 76K. The yield strength and tensile strength of the alloy increased significantly with lower temperatures, from 990 MPa to 1350 MPa and from 1313 MPa to over 1800 MPa, respectively. Young’s modulus and impact behavior were found when testing temperature decreased. It was revealed from the microstructure observation conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction technique (XRD) analysis that the face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure of the matrix remained stable with a very small amount of tangent phase transformation to martensitie during the tensile tests at 76 K. The matrix grains deformed at 298K were cut apart into many small sub-grains with similar crystallographic orientation in the size of only 60-200 nm wide. Very small amount of dislocation cells or bands observed in the specimens deformed at 76 K, although many sub-grains and areas containing dislocation network were found. The formation of twin-structures along the 1/3(420) planes was found in the deformation areas at 76 K. The improvement of strength was mainly attributed to the fact that it was more difficult for the dislocation slipping along lattice planes at 76 K than at 298K, due to the reduction of the movement and diffusion abilities of atoms. The friction coefficient was found to be a little higher at 93 K than at 298 K due to the bad lubricity of the graphite material at cryogenic temperature.

Using cement kiln dispose sludge from sewage plants can achieve the sludge stabilization, harmless, reduction and resource comprehensive utilization purposes. This is Not only to solve the problem of sludge treatment which is difficult to solve by sewage treatment plant, but also to make full use of the sewage treatment plant sludge to replace part of cement clinker production materials. And it makes full use of sludge incineration emitted in the process of low calorific value. Municipal sludge contains more moisture. It is necessary to dry the sludge outside the kiln before entering kiln process. As cement kiln co-processing, it should be combined with the characteristics of NSP clinker production, it is necessary to not only consider the total energy consumption of the drying process, but also the re-use of dried sludge heat value, as well as consider the total of water into the kiln by drying sludge affecting the whole clinker production process. In this paper, with the initial solid content 20%, dry heating value 3400 cal/g sludge as a research object, the moisture morphology, thermal characteristics, drying technological parameters and composition of water after drying in sludge were analysed. This issue combines sludge drying with cement kiln disposal, which can not only solve the heat and odor problem during the individual sludge drying process, but also provide a theoretical basis for cement kilns co-disposal of municipal sewage sludge to achieve the purposes of sludge stabilization, harmless, minimization and resource utilization.

Based on the TTP curves of 7050 alloy, and the continuous cooling curves of 7B50 alloy at different positions of Φ70 mm improved Jominy specimen, the hardness distribution along the thickness direction of 7B50 alloy thick plates was analyzed and predicted by means of the isothermal precipitation kinetics and the quench factor analysis method. The results show that when 7050 alloy is isothermal treated at 200°C~400°C, the exponent n in its Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation is close to 1, which indicates that the nucleation process of new precipitates is stable. In this equation the coefficient k is 7.420E-03 at 350°C, which indicates that the nucleation and growth rates of new precipitates are very fast. The hardness distribution along the axial direction of the improved Jominy specimen of 7B50 alloy is predicted by the quench factor analysis method. When the distance is no more than 65 mm from the spraying surface of the improved Jominy specimen, the deviation between the predicted and measured hardness of 7B50 alloy in T6 temper is less than 5%. The quench factor analysis method is feasible to predict the hardness distribution along the thickness direction of 7B50 alloy thick plates after quenching and aging. When the quench factor analysis method is extended to predict the actual water spray quenching process of 7B50 alloy thick plates, the average cooling rate is 21.6°C/s in the quench sensitive temperature range of this alloy, at 15 mm from the spraying surface of the plate. At the same position, the corresponding quench factor is equal to 6 and the predicted hardness is 187.4 HV which is equivalent 98.5% of the Hmax (the maximum hardness) of 7B50 alloy in T6 temper.

Recently, ionic actuator as a kind of artificial muscle has attracted great attentions according to their remarkable strain under low-voltage stimulation. Here, we investigated a biocompatible ionic polymer actuator, which consists of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) film as the double electrode layer and an electrolyte layer equipped with a chitosan polymer skeleton. As a result, we found it presented various electromechanical properties under the preparation factors of the different additive glycerol (0mL, 2mL, 4mL). The actuators with 2mL glycerol behaved a longer life bending (65 times), which was obviously surpassed by the others. Also, based on strain and stress testing, Young's modulus of the electrolyte presented a decreasing trend. In fact, the improvement was mainly due to the weakened inter-molecular hydrogen and the rotation molecular of the electrolyte film. Results show the additive inside the electrolyte is very effective to improve the performance of artificial muscle.

Research object of this article is a type of oriented silicon steel in 3.07% silicon content. By comparing samples under normalization and non-normalization respectively after primary recrystallizing annealing and secondary recrystallizing annealing, we have figured out how normalization influenced the recrystallizing behavior. The EBSD data of samples showed that normalization can half the grain size after primary recrystallizing, raise the percentage content of favored grain boundaries and high-angle grain boundaries, increase the content of Goss orientation grains by 5 times. And normalization coarsens the secondary recrystallizing grains, triples the magnetic induction and reduces the iron loss by half.

Wind power is widely used as a type of clean and renewable energy source in recent years. However, large-scale wind power penetration brings lots of challenges due to the uncertainty of wind speed. As a result, the research of wind speed uncertainty plays an important role in large scale wind power integration. In this paper, the multi-scale amplitude modulation effect of wind speed random fluctuation is found based on actual wind speed data. And the physical mechanism of multi-scale characteristics are presented from the perspective of turbulence. This research has both certain physical academic meaning and engineering application value in wind speed uncertainty research.

For the sake of research on the hot stamping property of high strength steel, the stamping forming of USIBOR1500P is simulated by the nonlinear finite element software Dynaform and Ansys/ls-dyna. The initial data simulated on USIBOR1500P is obtained by the hot tensile test. The simulation results show that the martensite weight percentage and Vickers hardness are in inverse proportion to stamping speed and initial die temperature. Otherwise, they are increased when the heat conduction coefficient is rising. Thus they affect the final properties of machinery of U-shape part. The maximum stress appears in the die and punch radius, and the minimum stress appears in the flange and the bottom of the blank. The minimum temperature value appears in the flange and the maximum temperature value appears in the die and punch radius.

In this manuscript, a bionic linear actuator was developed base on the ionic actuator: ionicpolymer metal composites, and the mainly fabrication method was presented in the currentinvestigation. Subsequently, a bionic robot was developed using 3D printing technique to fabricatethe skeleton structure and the presented Bi-IPMC(assembled by two segmented IPMC strip) linearactuator as the driving power. After a mathematical model of bionic robot, a experimented bionicrobot was manufactured to investigate. The results founded that our bionic robot behaved a maximumbounce height arrived at 22mm under applied 5V direct current, and the bounce height can keep onthe values of 18mm over the applied voltage of 4V.

In this manuscript, a muscle-like linear actuator based on the combination of Bi-IPMC linear actuator unit was developed focusing on the applied requirements in the biomimetic artificial muscles using as the actuators. Subsequently, the muscle-like linear actuator was mainly fabricated by two segmented IPMC film, which is obtained through a special process and the actuation performance of the muscle-like linear actuator was further experimented by the testing platform. The results found our actuator behaved a high displacement performance, and this kind of muscle-like linear actuator has a potential value in the engineering practice.

To solve the true stress strain of Cr8 steel, a method of cone inversion is used to deal with the high temperature tensile data. Based on the precise determination and description of sample size, the test data is analyzed in the SSC(Stress strain calculator) software developed on MATLAB, and the true stress strain curve of Cr8 is drew. The true stress strain curve calculated by this method is smooth and continuous, and more identical to the principle of metal elastic-plastic deformation process, which shows a good promotion value.

Using the sludge of sewage treatment plant to calcine cement clinker is a new method and is confirmed on the international to utilize city sludge recycling and harmlessly. In this work the test of the raw material burnability, cement clinker mineral composition and petrographic analysis were used to study microscopic characteristics of clinker, to analysis of the effect of sludge performance of cement clinker calcination. It was found that when sludge were as a raw material for calcining cement clinker, best city sludge content was around 15% ~ 20%. With an improvement of lime saturation coefficient, the burnability of raw material declined. The mineral composition of sludge clinker was the same as that of the conventional Portland clinker, while mineral structure and morphology of the sludge clinker were better.

The conductivity of 7050 alloy after isothermal quenched and isothermal quenched then T6 aged was measured by a simple and efficient method of measuring conductivity, its TTP curves fitted by conductivity data and also the isothermal treated microstructure of this alloy studied by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the same time, the TTP curves fitted respectively by hardness and conductivity data of isothermal quenched then T6 aged samples were compared. The results show that it is feasible to fit TTP curves of 7xxx series high strength aluminum alloy by the method of conductivity measurement which can obtain its TTP curves by measuring transient properties of alloy. The nose temperature of the TTP curves of 7050 alloy fitted by conductivity method is about 330°C and at this temperature the incubation period for decomposition and precipitation of supersaturated solid solution is 1.25 s. By isothermal treating at 330°C for 2 s the precipitates in 7050 alloy form mainly by heterogeneous nucleation. It is indicated that for current TTP curves of aluminum alloy fitted by the method of measuring properties, the precipitates corresponding with the TTP curve which represents properties of alloy variations about 0.5% of the target properties are heterogeneous nucleation precipitation.

Gas hot water boiler is widely used in daily production and life as heat supply equipment. According to the gas hot water boiler has the characteristics of nonlinear, large inertia and multi disturbance etc.，this paper adopts the Vague Set PID control mode as the regulating mode in system. Considering the reliability of the running control regulation system of gas boiler, the stability of the fuel delivery system and the fault alarm security system, this paper designs the combustion controller based on a STM32 MCU as control chip, the μCOSII real-time operating system transplanted in nuclear of MCU as the overall control of the combustion controller. Blocking the whole task through the μCOSII real-time operating system, to enhance the reliability of system program operation, and made the combustion controller running more safe, stable, reliable.

This paper presents an overview of various innovative fabrication approaches and the potential applications of ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC), which is a composite material consisting of a polymer membrane sandwiched between two thin electrode layers. When given a voltage within a range of 1-5V, cations inside accompanying with water molecules of IPMC move across the width of the material causing a uniform water distribution and finally to achieve it’s bending motion. In addition to a classical processing method, three innovative modification approaches are recommended to fabricate IPMC, particularly to settle water electrolysis and leakage for multiple practical applications. Also, three applications are extensively highlighted in the later pages of the paper. This is a very new field and with the research done so far, it is believed that IPMC has a potential which is worth research elaborately. This paper presents an overview of the manufacturing components, techniques, related problems and applications of IPMC. Additionally, it recommends innovative modification fabrication approaches to subdue the associated problems in the existing conventional fabrication processing.

As large scale integration of wind power generation into grid, the fluctuation of wind power must be stabilized with fast response complementary power source such as gas and oil power generation. However entire power system is dominated by thermal power plant in China, moreover the proportion of heating units is more and more high. Therefore, expanding the peak regulating capacity of heating units to take in wind power on a large-scale is an inevitable choice. This research proposed the heat load and wind power forecast approach, meanwhile, the analysis strategy of forecasting uncertainty is also be put forward. Then, a thermal electricity combined (TEC) operation technology, which based on making the best use of the heat transfer and thermal storage characteristics of heating network and electric heating, is proposed in this paper to enhance the utilization of wind power. Final, a practical system block diagram is proposed for practical application.

Establishing a general and precise solar cell temperature model is of crucial importance for photovoltaic system modeling and the loss analysis of output power and conversion efficiency. Based on the complex mechanism of solar cell temperature, this paper studies the steady state estimation model of solar cell temperature. Firstly, based on the approximate linear relationship of air temperature, solar radiation intensity, wind speed and solar cell temperature, the polynomial model of solar cell temperature is established and the unknown parameters of the model are extracted with the differential evolution algorithm. Secondly, Experimental acquisition platform is built to reduce the effects of air humidity solar incidence angle on the PV cell temperature. Finally, it shows that the estimated steady-state model is reliable and it fits better performance than other literature submitted through the experimental comparison.

The polymeric composites materials (PCM), having specific characteristic self-lubrication, have got the name-the materials antifrictional self-lubrication (MAS). In compositions MAS except matrixes-of the thermoreactive resins are included special fillers. The structure material in defines the characteristic received products. For the reason increasing working characteristic PCM necessary study of the influence of the thermodynamic conditions centrifugal litho on shaping the structure PCM. For study of the influence technological parameters is required corresponding to equipments. The analysis of phenomena taking place when polymers interact with aggressive mediums has been made. Corresponding experimental research has been done and methods to direct changes of proceed material have been developed.

With the rapid development of petroleum industry in China, the electrical heat tracing becomes very important for viscous oil transportation, while the heat insulation acts as the key to the application of electrical heat tracing. Rigid polyurethane foam has been widely used in long-distance pipelines for its advantages as the heat insulation material. However, there is also a lack of systematic analysis on the impact factors of such material, thus it is urgent to find out a practical method to distinguish the major impact factors. This paper introduces the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) with its C# program, and it is proposed to analyze the actual impact factors of rigid polyurethane foam. The application shows that this method is practical, simple, rapid and accurate, so it suitable for similar applications in other fields.

According to the problem of large friction resistance exists between the sealing ring and the cylinder block when the piston cylinder works, the drag reduction technology of bionic concave surface was applied in the sealing ring. By building a drag reduction motion model of sealing ring with concave surface of triangular arrangement, the effect of drag reduction performance decided by concave diameter and piston velocity was studied with the method of numerical simulation. The results show that: when the piston velocity is fixed, the maximum drag reduction rate can be achieved with the concave diameter is 1.5mm, and the maximum drag reduction rate is 15.72%. Meanwhile when the diameter of the concave is fixed, the drag reduction rate increased gradually with the increase of initial speed, the drag reducing effect is best at the speed of 0.6m/s. In the process of piston movement, lubricating oil in concave shakes, and makes the lubricating oil flow to the inside wall of cylinder, which play the role of lubrication, so as to achieve the effect of reducing friction and increasing the movement speed of piston.

In this paper, we propose an efficient numerical method for ordinary differential equation with fractional order, based on Legendre-Gauss-Radau interpolation, which is easy to be implemented and possesses the spectral accuracy. We apply the proposed method to multi-order fractional ordinary differential equation. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

The achievement of space orbit service space autonomous docking technology. At present, many kinds of autonomous docking mechanism are appeared according to different service object. In order to widen the application range from lives of docking mechanism, design a space rod - cone docking mechanism in this paper. The mechanism can be in the context of a larger space, achieve self-occupied docking. And based on the ADAMS-View to complete the mechanism dynamics virtual prototype. According to the space orbit autonomous docking technology, set up virtual prototype mainly docking detection parameters, Analysis of dynamic characteristics in the whole of the docking process and complete the mechanism.

The influence of the content of matekaolin powder and fly ash in cement on controlling ASR was evaluated using Accelerated Mortar Bar Test (AMBT). Replacing cement with matekaolin powder to the extent of 5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,and with fly ash to the extent of 10%,20%,30%,35%,40%, 45% respectively. The result show that matekaolin powder and fly ash both can control Alkali-aggregate activity but to different degrees. Small amount of metakaolin powder exerts significant influence, whereas only when the proportion of fly ash is up to 35%, can it control ASR effectively. The effect and mechanism of the control of the extension of glass aggregate activity was studied by means of SEM analysis.

This paper presents an adaptable controlling approach on account of the mathematic modeling and the quantitative analysis of experimental data on a ring-coupling controlling structure. It is based on the research of transmission characteristics of non-linear coupling gear rotation in main electric-driving system of cutterhead, and it is aimed at reducing the deviation of system synchronization caused by the mutation load, and improving the compliance capability of multi-motor synchronization system.

Geological structure health in mountainous area substation is complex, and the climate is changeable, it is easy to appear the geological disasters like landslide and subsidence in substation, Aiming at the strong electromagnetic interference in substation and other factors, to monitor of slope surface strain of mountainous area substation with FBG strain sensor, in order to reflect the stability of the slope. Combined with the actual situation of slope of Yunnan 220kV mountainous area substation, the surface type FBG strian sensors are installed on the surface of upstream and downstream slope of mountainous area substation, the lower reaches of the substation, the serial network forms a quasi distributed optical fiber sensing network. they form a quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network through the serial networking methods.When the slope surface occurs deformation due to the soil sliding, it will drive the FBG strain sensor and transfer the equal strain to the FBG strain sensor. By measuring the center wavelength shift of the FBG strian sensor, the strian value of slope surface at each point can be reflected. The monitoring results show that, the period from May 9th to June 6th, the maximum strain of upstream slope is 171uɛ, it appears at the location of marked as US4 FBG strain sensor, the maximum strain of downstream slope is 112uɛ,it appears at the location of marked as DS1 FBG strain sensor.

Small current grounding power system is widely used in overhead transmission line in medium voltage distribution network in China. Because of its long lines, branch, space truss structure is complex, low level of automation, It is easily influenced by outside force and the natural environment, and single-phase grounding failure rate is high. It is an important topic to quickly and accurately detect the location of the fault line, and improve the reliability of power supply and distribution system.This paper has carried on the induction and the comparison of various fault detection and location method of overhead transmission line which is currently used in single phase to ground, and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages,given the corresponding conclusions, provided the reference for finding out the reasonable single-phase earth fault location method or improvement.

Based on gearless continuously variable transmission technology, a cascaded wind power generation system with Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) is presented in this paper. The system has combined the advantages of doubly-fed and direct-drive wind power generation system. The raising-speed gear box has been done away with, and the system reliability has been improved. Reducing the power capacity of the aspects of the variable frequency speed regulation, the function of grid-connected electricity generation can be achieved with less cost. Synchronous generator directly connects to grid, which helps to optimize power quality. The topological structure of system is discussed in this paper, and its operating principle is analyzed, revealing its characteristics and engineering application prospects.

A blind pipe type fiber Bragg grating hydrostatic gauge is developed to measure the pressure of liquid. In the hydrostatic gauge, the inside of elastic tube is suffered by the pressure of liquid and drives the wavelength shift of a fiber Bragg grating mounted on the outside of elastic tube. For eliminating the disturbance of temperature variation, the other grating is mounted on the n type sheet metal and is immune to the applied stress strain of elastic tube. The hydrostatic experiment indicates that the pressure sensitivity of the hydrostatic gauge is 0.425 nm/MPa, when the original Bragg wavelength of pressure-sensitized grating is 1557.510 nm.

Structure’s strain reflects the stability of the project, the excessive structural strain will destroy the stability of the structure. Fiber Bragg Grating has many features, such as, strong anti-interference ability, low optical loss, and it can be used for a long time in the project, etc. Base on the features, the Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensor can be used in slope and other projects for the long-term monitoring. In this paper, we develop a Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensor based on the spring-steel pipe, FBG be fixed to the inner of the steel pipe by epoxy glue, it is protected by a stainless steel pipe outside, the Flange be fixed to the both side of the spring-steel pipe. When the tension acting one the flanges, the spring-steel pipe occurs an axial strain, this axial strain makes the center wavelength of the Fiber Bragg Grating change, measuring the wavelength shift amount of the Fiber Bragg Grating can calculate the strain. The loading experiment indicates that the sensitivity of the Spring-steel pipe Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensor is 0.81pm/με, the linearity of the sensor is 2.1%FS, and the repeatability error of the sensor is 2.29%FS.

Reinforced concrete piles are used when structures are constructed on soft ground, because it is necessary to transfer the loads into deeper strata with a sufficient bearing capacity. With the purpose of receiving more precise information about the pile features, four fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are embedded at different levels of the pile to measure the strain distribution during straining and pull-out tests. Test Pile vertical uplift static load test results show that, settlement of the test pile is steep variations, the steep rise starting point corresponding to the load of 3300 kN for the Uplift Ultimate Bearing capacity, the corresponding uplift amount is 12.45 mm; 4.4 m, 7.2 m, 11.0 m and 14.5 m sections axial strain were 115 με, 42 με, 6 με and-3 με. Maximum loading capacity is 3600 kN, the corresponding uplift amount is 30.13mm; 4.4 m, 7.2 m, 11.0 m and 14.5 m sections axial strain were 142 με, 61 με, 7 με and-1 με.

The stress distribution of the coating interface in measuring bonding strength of revolution body coating was emulated. The stress curves of coating bonding interface were obtained. The abscission characteristics of coating were analyzed. It showed that Stress concentration occurred in the symmetric centre of the coating bonding interface. The coating peeled off from the symmetric centre to both sides of the sample interface in the measuring process. Avoiding shearing stress was a method to promote the measuring test of bonding strength of revolution body coating.

Porous 1 dimensional (1D) ZnO nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning technology and sequent annealing process. The ZnO nanofibers have many nanopores in it and connect to each other to form a porous film. The diameters of the nanofibers are about 100 nm, and their lengths are so long as tens of millimeters. Owing to the porous nanofibers based matrix has 1D channels and high isoelectric point, the prepared ZnO porous film is wonderful platform to immobilize glucose oxidase enzyme for glucose biosensing. The as-fabricated biosensor exhibited high sensitivity (69 μA/mMcm-2), fast response (3 s) and low detection limit (10 μM), due to the nanomaterial with large surface-to-volume ratio for enzyme immobilization and excellent electrical properties. The biosensors can be fabricated controllably and repeatedly. These excellent results indicate the biosensors are attractive for application.

Aiming at the deficiency of the water traffic safety evaluation method in our country, the water traffic safety evaluation model was established after full discussing, which is based on grey relational grade analysis. The water traffic safety status of shipping companies was evaluated through their correlation, which is on the basis of the Five index method, after the original data in a reasonable manner of dimensionless processing. Through a case of a shipping group, it is proved that the grey correlation greed analysis method can evaluate enterprise's security situation simply and effectively on the basis of original index of death toll, the number of accidents above General level, the number of ship destroyed and direct economic loss. Additionally, the evaluation is more objective and scientific.

Wastewater reuse has drawn increasing attention worldwide as an integral part of water resource management due to increasing scarcity of freshwater resources and growing environmental awareness. At present, wastewater was mainly applied in agriculture irrigation in many countries. But wastewater reuse also will bring with a series of issues, such as environmental impacts and human being health risk. How to ensure sustainable wastewater reuse for irrigation is a very important issue. The essay analysed technique support and management strategy of sustainable wastewater reuse for irrigation.

Zhundong coal has a huge proved reserve and many excellent properties. However, the alkali metal content in Zhundong coal is apparently high, which can accelerate the deactivation of De-NOx SCR catalysts. In the present study, the effect of alkali metal deposition on activity of SCR catalysts through solution impregnation method was experimentally investigated. The results indicate that alkali metal deposition on the catalyst surface significantly deactivates the capacity of SCR catalysts. NaOH presents the most intense poisonousness. The catalytic effect on NO reduction reduces with the increase of alkali metal content on catalyst surfaces. In addition, potassium establishes more obvious poisonousness on SCR catalyst than sodium. There is interaction effect between sodium and potassium on deactivating the SCR catalyst.

Zhundong coal has a huge proved reserve and many excellent properties. However, the alkali metal content in Zhundong coal is distinctly high, which can accelerate the deactivation of De-NOx SCR catalysts. Using solution impregnation method, the effect of operation conditions on activity of SCR catalysts before and after poisoned by sodium was experimentally investigated. The results show that the NO reduction ratio raises with the increase of NH3/NO ratio. Longer residence time results in higher NO reduction ratio. Compared with catalyst poisoned by NaCl, residence time presents less influence on activity of fresh catalyst in 250-400 oC, which is beneficial for De-NOx process. Both O2 and NO concentration have no apparent influence on NO reduction ratio.

At present, with the development of wind’s energy application and disaster prevention, the windspeed uncertainty must be estimated because of the existing large gap between the requirement of prediction performance and current techniques owing to it’s strong random fluctuation. In this paper, a new method for windspeed uncertainty estimation is proposed on the base of physical mechanism, the inherent amplitude modulation effect in windspeed. According to the the atmosphere motion power spectrum in low-layers, the actual windspeed is usually decomposed into the hourly average windspeed and the turbulent residual error by many researchers. And the turbulent residual error and the turbulent standard deviation is modulated by the hourly average windspeed. Moreover experiments further show that the confidence interval of windspeed random fluctuation uncertainty based on it’s amplitude modulation effect is more rigorous than that obtained by general statistical model. As a result, this uncertainty estimation method has certain physical academic meaning and engineering application value both in the electric system and the other wind domain.

Experimental, analytical and finite element techniques are commonly known methods used in determining highly localized stress occurring in the body under loading as a result of geometric discontinuities. In this study, we use NURBS-based isogeometric analysis (IGA) to investigate the stress concentration factor (SCF) on three-dimensional geometry with discontinuity feature. The results show that IGA technique is in good agreement with analytical values, thus providing a more effective realistic way of determining SCF.

Gas hot water boiler is widely used as heating equipment in everyday life. Because gas hot water boiler has the characteristics of nonlinear, large inertia and disturbances, so it is particularly important to build a precise mathematical model. Then the difference equation model of the system is identified by the least square method according to the collected data in this paper. Writing M file in the MATLAB software to get the continuous transfer function, and setting up Vague Set PID simulation, fuzzy self-tuning PID simulation and conventional PID algorithm in SIMULINK. By comparing among the three kinds of adjusting method, We get that Vague Set PID not only in regulation time, overshoot and effect of dynamic performance is superior compared the other two controller models , but also enhance the robustness and adaptability of the system, has a good dynamic, static performance..

For the low power factor and poor control accuracy of the conventional vehicle chargers, this paper designed a current-mode switching power supply which was improved by adding a boost-mode APFC circuit. This system was tested and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and the results showed that it could effectively reduce the harmonics, improve the power factor and control precision.

The method of convolution-type point collocation to calculate the beam with arbitrary boundary conditions was presented by using series function in time domain and the mode shape function of the beam in space domain. And this method is applied to solve dynamic problems of beam with arbitray boundary condition. The calculation example showed this method was very simple, highly accurate and effective.

The magnitude, distribution of earth stress are important parameters. In this paper, based on the hydraulic fracturing test data and logging data, the model of earth stress has been established. The vertical stress (Sv),the maximum horizontal stress (SH), the minimum horizontal stress (Sh) can be calculated by logging data with this model. The profiles of earth stress along the depth with continuous distribution can be determined, and stress spatial distribution has been described.

In order to meet manufacturers needs of making progresses in environmental techniques, a practical approach of systematic engineering of green manufacturing (SEGM) based on the optimization of resources and environmental attributes has been applied to plan some general mechanical productions running in a system of workshop. The influencing factors involved in manufacturing productions and the operational and scheduling parameters oriented to environmental attributes is discussed and solved. The solution of the operational variables determines the practical details of the resources and energy running in workshop productions. A practical case for thermoelectricity valves is studied in this paper. Evident clues verify that SEGM approach has taken some optimistic effects on the resources and environmental attributes of general productions in workshop system.

Firstly, based on the Cox-de Boor recursive formula, random degree NURBS curve generation algorithm is given. Then, this article discusses knot vector, the weight factor's influence on NURBS and presents the determination method of knot vector and weight factor. Secondly, NURBS curve inverse algorithm is studied and the focus is on cubic NURBS curve inverse algorithm, which is widely applied in engineering. Finally, based on C++ Builder development environment, the paper completes algorithm simulation and gives the specific application examples. Examples verify the efficiency and reliability of the algorithms, which has a high practical value in the CAD/CAM.

CBM well pattern optimization is the key issue for CBM development. Usually the selection of well pattern is a problem to coordinate the cumulative productivity and recovery. For finding the optical well spacing, this article will coordinate the two parameters after they are transformed into dimensionless form. And the economic research for the optimal well spacing is adopted as a supplemented proof. Finally the CBM well pattern of the block in North Qinshui basin must be a square well pattern the 300m×300m is regarded as the optimal well spacing.