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Reinforced concrete (RC) widely used as the construction material for the main structural element for many significant structures such as bridge and building because of its relatively high strength and economical. However, there still lacks research published regarding the appropriate reinforcement steel arrangement in a complete RC structure subjected to blast load. Most of the published experimental works focused on the small rectangular or square RC panel. From the record search, the approved design by professional engineers, when RC wall subjected to the possibility of blast load, both RC wall details either retaining wall or shear wall implemented. Therefore, the full-scale blast experiment is vital to appraise the appropriate steel reinforcement arrangement in the RC wall. The blast experiment indicated, with different steel reinforcement arrangement in the RC wall, the better blast resistance with the number of cracks on the RC wall is significantly less from one another for the wall with the arrangement of horizontal flexural reinforcement tied-outside the vertical flexural reinforcement and the hooked-in direction of vertical flexural steel reinforcement into the wall base.

This paper presents achievements in the field of the numerical simulation of the fibrere reinforced concrete (FRC) and ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). The numerical simulations were performed to verify results of two experimental programmes focused on the blast resistance of FRC and UHPFRC. The response of the FRC and UHPFRC slabs to the contact and near-field blast was studied in these two experiments. As the detail behaviour of specimens could not be observed because of the blast load, the numerical models were prepared. The accuracy of the numerical models was evaluated based on the comparison of numerical and experimental results. Different approaches for blast simulation were tested and compared. The results indicate that the various phenomena (e.g. overpressure propagation, stress cumulation, crack propagation and damage extend) can be successfully simulated. However, the comparison of the soffit velocity, measured with the PDV unit and numerical model showed shortcomings of the numerical model. These numerical model inaccuracies are discussed and their reasons presented.

Mitigation of the blast risk associated with terrorist attacks and accidental explosions threatening critical infrastructure has become a topic of great interest in the civil engineering community, all over the world. One method of mitigating blast risk is to retrofit vulnerable structures to resist the impulsive effects of blast loading. Masonry is one of the most commonly used materials particular in heritage buildings. An effective way to enhance the ability of unreinforced masonry walls to withstand blast loads and consequently to limit the amount of wall damage is strengthening it with reinforced concrete wall. In this research, the assembly of masonry wall with RC wall jacket from one side is simulated using nonlinear finite element method and ANSYS WORKBENCH V14.5 program to study its behavior under blast loading. A parametric study is performed where the influence of variation of some design parameters on the wall performance under blast effect is studied. The design parameters include masonry wall and RC wall thickness, interface between the two wall layers, stand-off distance, boundary condition, and reinforced concrete compressive strength. The performance of the strengthened walls is evaluated in terms of wall damage, maximum lateral deflection, and end rotation at the support.

A method of numerical analysis of the phenomenon of the air shock wave propagation is presented. The paper describes an explicit own solution. It uses Finite Volume Method (FVM). It also takes into account energy losses due to a heat transfer. For validation, the results of numerical analysis were compared with the literature reports. Both one-dimensional (an explosion in the pipe) and three-dimensional (explosion within the compartment) flow of a shock wave were analysed. Values of impulse, pressure, and its duration were studied. Finally, an overall good convergence of numerical results with experiments was achieved. Also the most important parameters were well reflected.

Guidelines of blast resistant design for AASHTO girder bridges have not taken up much importance on researches. As the transportation infrastructure mainly bridges are highly vulnerable for bomb attack, they must be designed to resist it. The analysis and design of bridges subjected to blast load requires a detailed understanding of blast propagation and its dynamic effects on various structural elements. The response of bridge components subjected to blast load is carried out using Abaqus explicit finite element software. The bridge is modeled on the basis of AASHTO-LRFD bridge design specification for highway bridges. Blast load has been introduced on different critical location of the bridge to understand their effects on various structural elements and extent of damage. A thorough parametric study varying standoff distance and TNT mass is done to understand their importance in developing a blast resistant design for AASHTO Girder Bridge. The study concludes that the value of maximum displacement decreases with the increase in standoff distance.

In the past few years, the increase in the number of terrorist attacks has shown that the effect of blast loads on buildings is a serious matter that should be taken into design consideration. These man-made disasters have created a challenge to structural engineers world over about the deficiency in the design process. Blast loads are extreme, instaneous, unpredictive impulses acting over milliseconds. Due to this nature of blast loads, it is complicated to analyse the dynamic responses of the structures. Usage of advanced engineering materials for construction can solve these structural problems to an extent. This paper presents the analysis and design of an underground blast resistant shelter made up of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC). This research focuses on an alternative section of cylindrical module of the shelter. The dynamic behavior of module under blast load is studied in finite element software Abaqus CAE 6.12. It is observed that the material stress-strain behavior is greatly influenced by strain rates of loadings. Shelter manually designed using codes in working stress method is verified with the analytical analysis

The paper deals with the response analysis of interaction of a gaseous shock wave and a glass plate structure with particular reference to the character of excitation wave and material characteristics of structure. The goal of this analysis is the determination of a hypothesis of failure of window glass plate on the basis of the actual plate rotation during extreme plate displacement. Pressures greater than the ultimate stress or plate rotation bring to the collapse of the glass plate structure. The assumptions and results of theoretical - numerical solution are compared with experiments in situ and in laboratory conditions.

Due to a particular complexity of the phenomenon of an explosion in a gaseous medium (air) the most appropriate approach to address it is using numerical methods. This paper presents a specific numerical solution to the phenomenon of the so-called point charge explosion from a one-dimensional perspective taking into account reflections from non-deformable partitions. Results of the numerical calculations were calibrated based on test results and their correctness was additionally verified using gas dynamics methods.

Efficiently and accurately predicting structural dynamic response and damage to external blast loading is a big challenge to both structural engineers and researchers. Theoretical investigation on this problem is complex as it involves non-linear inelastic material properties, effect of time varying strain rates, uncertainties of blast load calculations and the time-dependent structural deformations. Experimental investigation can provide valuable data for locating the damage and establishing the damage criteria. The damage curves generated from the extensive experimental study can provide quick assessment of the structural status. However, such blast experiments always involve safety concern and can be beyond the affordability. Besides this, the correlation of the experimental data with predictive method is difficult since it requires a large number of tests to generate damage curves. Compared with the theoretical and experimental study, numerical simulation does not involve any safety concern and is cost-effective. With verified material model and element model, numerical simulation could be powerful supplement to the experimental tests. However, numerical simulation of structural responses under blast and impact loading could be time and resource consuming. Even with modern computer technology and computational mechanics method, detailed modelling and numerical simulation of responses of structures subjected to blast loadings are still often prohibitive. To address this issue, in the present study, an efficient numerical method is proposed to reliably calculate structural response and damage to blast loadings.

With the rapid development of transportation, the vulnerability of bridge under blast loading has more and more attracted people's attention. To ensure the safety of the bridge under the impact of blast loading is very important. This article describes the current situation of bridge structure antiknock research in China and other countries. What’s more, pointed out the shortcomings of existing research and presented that the antiknock research of bridge structure should combine numerical simulation with model test at the same time. This article researches the stress, strain and bridge damage rule of 1: 5 model of T-beam Bridge under explosion effect of small doses explosive.

The terrorism and regional conflicts posed a threat to the world peace. Some terrorist explosions caused collapse of the buildings, which brought heavy tragedies to the human components. Therefore research on damage of structural components and resistance to damage have become the focus of our attention. Finite element software LS-DYNA was applied to simulating the response of reinforced concrete columns under blast loading. And analysis on dynamic response under different loading period was carried out. By studying on the stress and strain of reinforced concrete columns subjected to blast loading, the possible failure modes were obtained. In addition, the bearing capacities of concrete columns that are reinforced with carbon fiber and steel panel were analyzed, and the reinforcement effects were compared to provide reasonable reinforcement schemes for structures blast-resistant design.

Anti-blast wall can effectively reduce blast load and, therefore protect human and structures from external explosion. A new kind of anti-blast wall, HESCO Bastion wall (HB wall), was designed by the QIAOSHI(China) International Trade Limite. The research about the HB wall was mainly focus on the construction of rotation model and the anti-overturn stability of the wall, but no research could be found on the blast wave pressure distribution law behind the HB wall, the anti-penetration capability and the assembling mode of the HB wall. In this paper, research progress of the HB wall has been presented, research ideas about the HB wall have been put forward.

An interaction of the blast pressure wave after detonation of a blast mine under the multilayer mine protection mounted on a military vehicle is described in this project. The main focus was applied to absorbing capability of the multilayer sandwich. Results from numerical simulations were compared with experimental tests. The test procedure is provided according to STANAG 4569/AEP-55 standard with threat level 3B. The main goal of this project was to develop a multilayer armor that is able to protect a typical military vehicle against the 8 kg TNT blast mine.

In the paper, the numerical and experimental approach to the blast load evaluation was presented. The evaluation process is done in two steps. In the first, the full scale blast test is carried out with a simply mock-up resembling geometry of the bottom part of a vehicle. The pressure impulse is measured indirectly using a high speed camera and the motion analysis software. In the second step, a numerical simulation with the use of Multi Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method is utilized to assess the influence of the fluid-structure interaction and the real vehicle mass on the value of the applied pressure impulse. In the paper, the application of method was presented and the results were discussed.

Subway is an important part of city traffic system. Once terrorist attack happens in the subway, it might lead to strong response of concrete lining, which seriously threatens the safety of lives and properties. The analysis of the subway concrete lining damage under blast load has become an important question. By the means of finite element software AUTODYN, this essay simulates the highly nonlinear response and dynamic damage of concrete lining when 100kg TNT explodes different altitude above bottom of subway tunnel. It analyses attenuation of pressure and influence on the structure of concrete lining. The damage of concrete lining mainly concentrated in the vicinity of explosion source. Different explosive height will lead to different dynamic damage of concrete lining.

Terrorist attack is a great threat to the safety of the city. Due to particularity of the subway tunnel, the concrete lining will produce the strongly nonlinear response and dynamic damage under blast load, even collapse of the concrete lining structure. Protection technology of the concrete lining under blast load has become an urgent problem to be solved. By the means of the finite element software, this essay simulates the highly nonlinear response of concrete lining with aluminum foam. Aluminum foam has been widely used in the field of disaster preventive and mitigation. Application of the aluminum foam under blast load can absorb a large amount of impact energy and reduce the peak value of pressure in the concrete lining.

The paper deals with the analysis of steel beams subjected to blast load approximated as a one degree system of freedom (SDOF). It requires knowing the parameters of blast pressure wave, its effect on structure and the tools for the solution of dynamic analysis. The blast wave is estimated with linear decay and exponential decay using positive and negative phase. The results of SDOF model are compared with the corresponding experimental accelerations and strain time-histories. There is a described dynamic analysis for such structure.

This paper presents a numerical study of earth covered composite arch subjected to internal blast load equaled to 6,25 tons of TNT. The concrete arch was protected against the blast by the 4 or 7 mm corrugated sheet. There was also one simulation where no sheet was applied. It was found that the presence of the corrugated sheet anchored to the arch can reduce 40 % of arch damage compared to the unprotected arch.

The plastic ultimate moment of concrete-filled steel tubular and the ultimate displacement of the simply supported beam under uniformly distributed load is established based on unified strength theory. Considered nonlinear impact of mass and stiffness changed in the process of the reaction, the dynamic response of concrete-filled steel tubular columns under blast load were analyzed by the equivalent single degree of freedom model and step by step integration method. Compared the results of this method with relevant literatures, the consequence is good. It can be seen that from the results, this method was satisfied for the requirement of the analytical precision, it can be referred for the research and the safety of concrete-filled steel tubular columns under blast load.

This paper reports on the response of cladding sandwich panels with tubular cores to uniform blast load. The panels consist of thin-walled circular tubes (38 mm in diameter) made from aluminium 6063-T6 riveted laterally between the skin plates at varying spacing arrangements to provide four different types of panels. The skin exposed to the blast load is made from DOMEX 700 Steel while the back face skin is made from mild steel. Varying charge masses of explosive (ranging from 5 g to 40 g) with a prescribed load diameter of 40mm is detonated at a stand-off distance of 200 mm to provide a “uniform” blast load to the sandwich panels. Energy is dissipated mostly through the plastic deformation of the tubular cores. The results show an increase in average deflection with an increase in charge mass/impulse for the different types of panels. The cladding panels with the least interaction between the tubular cores are observed to have the highest energy absorption capabilities for a given charge mass.

In this study, effects of ground media on buried pipes due to blast were observed. The material properties for ground media and pipes limited to linear, elastic, homogeneous and isotropic were used. Blast load parameters were determined using UFC (2008). Equation of motion was solved using time integration technique in ABAQUS. From the results, depth plays a prominent role in the response of underground pipes due to blast. Mitigation measures to reduce the impact of blast on buried pipes were suggested.

In order to reduce loss of terrorist attacks or accidental explosion accidents to traffic facilities of the state and society, antiknock safety of long-span bridge needs to be further studied. A deck arch bridge calculation model of fluid-structure interaction was established, and explicit dynamic analysis was presented to study the dynamic response of long-span arch bridge under blast loading, and the explosion effect to the overall structure of the bridge was analysed. The results show that the area around explosion center, has local large deformation and heavy damage degree, while a little far region has low deformation and damage degree; When explosives is located on the deck, the damage of blast-impact load on the main arch ring can be neglected, which is advantageous to the late bridge repair work. The results of this article can be provided as important theoretical reference to antiknock and explosion-proof of bridges in the future work.

Accidents caused by domestic gas explosions occur regularly enough. Gas explosion accidents indoors are defined as deflagration explosions. The formation of an explosive cloud depends on many factors inside the building. To understand why the buildings in one case withstand an explosion but collapse in another case, more precise design models and methods of their realization are needed. We used numerical modeling to calculate the blast load intensity and find out the impact of the actual environment parameters. For the model verification we referred to the full-scale experiment on the deflagration of domestic gas in enclosed space.

In order to study the propagation law of shock wave and blast load distribution when an interior explosion occur in a box structure, a numerical simulation of an interior explosion within a box-shaped structure is presented in this paper using LS-DYNA. Overpressure-time history curve of the blast load at the measured points is obtained by numerical simulation, and compared with the experimental results. Numerical simulation results and experimental results are in good agreement. The results show that the blast wave reflected and superimposed many times in the box-shaped structure. When TNT is located in the center of the box-shaped structure, the center and the corner of the wall suffered the maximum overpressure.

Modeling structures response to external blast loads is studied in this paper. A new model is developed based on the experimental data in literature UFC (unified facilities criteria) 3-340-2. The new model differs from the model which is available in LS-DYNA as take into account new abacuses for reflecting coefficients, leading to more precise load especially at great incidence.

The degree of protection/damage of the target is an important basis for the target structure design. In the military field, the target can be equivalent to a target metal plate with the certain thickness. The degree of protection can be divided through the effect of target plate under blast loads. Considering the reflected parameters, the reflected pressure-impulse criterion can be used to assess the damage caused by the blast. Through the combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the target plate’s pressure-impulse diagrams of different degrees are obtained. The results of the experiments and simulations are found in good agreement, which validates the numerical model.

Dynamic response of an underground structure with the protection of foamed aluminum under internal blast load, compared with that without any protection, has been investigated numerically in this paper. The three dimensional model of the two-storey and two-span underground structure covered with soil around was built with the explicit dynamic analytical software LS-DYNA. The three-stage simulation method （TSSM） is proposed. And the middle column of the structure is covered with foamed aluminum which provides a better protection for the column under the blast load. The solid-fluid interaction algorithm, the erosion algorithm and the stress initialization method are employed in the calculation. It is found that, under the protection of foamed aluminum the collapse resistance of the structure has been improved greatly compared with the structure without any protection.

The progressive collapse of a multi-story building and its protective effect with aluminum foam under an explosion in its basement are numerically investigated in this paper. The three-dimensional coupling model composed of a multi-story frame structure with a basement and the surround soil is modeled using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The progressive collapse of the entire structure under explosive impact and the protective effect of the aluminum foam are simulated using the proposed three-stage simulation method (TSSM). The result shows that, the aluminum foam as a protective layer can reduce the impact effects very well, and then can prevent progressive collapse effectively. The same model is also simulated by direct simulation method (DSM) and alternative load path method (ALPM). By comparison with the two methods, the TSSM is illustrated practical, accurate and economic for the analysis of progressive collapse.

Using finite software ANSYS LS/DYNA for simulating the impact response and failure modes of H section steel frame columns subject to blast loads，and loading different load conditions, changing column boundary conditions and web plate thickness. Conclusion: the failure model of steel columns changes with the change of load form,steel columns will be easy to occur shear failure in the end by the dynamic load, and the flange will be easy to occur bucking failure in local by impulse load; In the case of same size and web thickness, increase the web thickness can reduce the deformation of column effectively, improve the capability of H section steel column resist the blast load.

To discuss the flow field of explosion in a hermitic cavity which is charged in center and the dynamic response of the shell structure, a FEA method is used. The overpressure-time curves of the gauges in the structure or on the wall and the deformation of the wall is shown in this paper, and some valuable conclusion is obtained.

In this paper, the dynamic response and failure modes on the T-shaped concrete-filled steel tube core columns under blast loads were simulated with the finite element analysis software ABAQUS. According to analysis the lateral displacement of the midpoint of the column and the stress of the concrete, we can obtain the failure of the column. At the same time, we simulated the effects on the column when it was under different blast loads.

In this paper, the design of the single cuboids cavity model of cavity is on the basis of national defense works and human defense works design specifications, with which to get the distribution of blast load on the wall of typical cavity and the destroy model. In experiment, we added the mass of explosive until the construction is destroyed. Data of pressure-time curve of blast load and acceleration-time curve of the structure wall vibration are used to analyze the distribution of blast load and the destruction form of structure, and to be the basis of further research on other kinds of underground cavity.

The blast-resistant performance of columns which are the most important component in the whole structure is a crucial factor which influences the safety of the structures subjected to the blast loads. Studying dynamic responses of RC columns under the blast loading and improving the blast-resistant performance can prevent the structure from progressive collapse due to the damage of the columns in the blast loading, and give people more time to escape from the building in a dangerous situation. Then the same parameters are used to analyze the dynamic responses of RC columns under three typical blast loads. Conclusion can be used for structure blast-resistant design.

In this paper, the dynamic response of concrete wall and steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete (SFRHSC) wall under blast load is simulated with the explicit dynamic finite element method. The J-H-C model is used for SFRHSC and the material parameters are determined based on the test results. The damage and strain rate effects are considered in above material model. The influences of scaled distance on the dynamic responses of walls are investigated and discussed.

The blasting method is regarded as a simple, convenient and economical method for constructing the underground structure, so it is advisable method for many underground structures to construct. But the investigation of the effect of the blasting dynamic load on the vicinal tunnel structure is rare, and the effect of blasting on the vicinal structures cannot be ignored either; sometimes, the effect will cause crack and even collapse in the tunnel liner and surrounding rock. So this paper presented the effect of blasting on the vicinal underground structure in differential cases using the finite element software Midas GTS. The investigation in this paper indicated which case will suffer the more severe effect caused by blast and let us know the vibration principle of the underground structure in differential case, and that will provide the knowledge about the vibration caused by blasting to the design and construction by numerical simulation; additionally, this paper has presented the reinforcement method about inserting the bolt into the surrounding rock to analyze how to resist the effect of the blast load. So from this analysis, it can be noted that the blasting method or the explosive energy will be chosen on the basis of different construction shape, and the reasonable location of the bolt will be adopted in order to reduce the effect of the dynamic on the vicinal tunnel structure.

The impact of blast load is always taken into consideration in significant building and protective construction. In order to study the mechanical behavior of the concrete slab under blast load, the dynamic responses of a square concrete slab under surface explosion are simulated by the nonlinear finite element program ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CONCRETE model is used for concrete material and the damage and strain rate effect are considered in this mode1. The simplified exponential load is used as blast load. The Z-displacement,Mises effective stress and damage state of concrete slab under different blast load of corresponding scaled distance are investigated and discussed. It can be found from the results that the influence of blast pressure can be neglected when scaled distance is around 2.0 and the damage of slab is beginning from the edge.

With increase of terrorist blast, it is becoming more important for buildings to resist the blast load than before. This paper focuses on analysis of loss influence on key members of frame structures subjected to blast loading. The performance of a 5 storey frame structure with damage was evaluated on the assumption that whose key columns and beams had been lost after blast. By comparing the deformation and the internal force of the original frame with the corresponding items of the incomplete one, the impact of the key columns or beams on the performances of the whole frame structure was discussed. Numerical results show that the loss of either the key columns or the key beams will endanger the whole structure. Especially, the deformation and the internal force of the members adjacent to the missing key column have obvious increases. Consequently, the loss of the key column exerts a more serious impact on the building than that of the key beam.

The failure of the reinforced concrete (RC) column on the ground floor may result in progressive collapse of the whole building. In the paper, the finite element program LS-DYNA is used to simulate the dynamic response of RC column with different constraints subjected to blast pressure. A three dimensional solid model is established for the RC column. A brittle damage model is applied to simulate the concrete. The lateral displacement and failure mode of RC column with different scaled distances are investigated and discussed. It can be found that the pressure nephogram and x-direction displacement of fixed end column under different scaled distance have the obvious symmetry. Moreover, both the maximum pressure and x-direction displacement of one end fixed and one end simply supported column are bigger than fixed end column with the same scaled distance.

Metallic sandwich plates have been widely used in blast-resistance structures due to the excellent capacity of energy absorption. In this work, dynamic response of square honeycomb sandwich plates is investigated using LS-DYNA. The effect of mass of TNT charge on the deformation and on internal energy of square honeycomb sandwich plate is numerically analyzed. The relationship of deflection, as well as internal energy and the mass of TNT charge is obtained. The performance of square honeycomb sandwich plate is compared with monolithic solid plate with the same mass and blast loading. During the response of sandwich plate, the deformation includes local dent of upper face sheet, overall bending and stretching of both face sheets and buckling of square honeycomb core while the deformation of monolithic solid plate is involved in overall bending and stretching. It denotes that square honeycomb sandwich plate has better capacity of resistance-deformation and energy absorption than that of monolithic solid plate with the same mass and the same blast loading.

Current guidelines such as TM5 and ASCE use a trial and error procedure to design RC slabs against blast loads. Although the trial and error procedure is easy to implement, it may not result in a optimal to resist blast loads. In this study, SDOF system recommended by TM5 and ASCE was adopted to simplify RC slabs; the bilinear model was selected to simulate the resistance-deflection curve for dynamic response analysis. After comparing the areas under the resistance-deflection curves of RC slabs with different reinforcement ratios, the reinforcement ratio responding to the biggest area can be defined as the optimal reinforcement ratio. These derived relationships are useful to facilitate a design with maximum capacities to resist blast loads.

The crack tip stress field of rock is analyzed under blast loading, and the crack arrest criterion, the conditions of rock crack initiation and crack extension are presented in this paper. The study will help the design of maintaining the stability of stope drift active workings.

An overall numerical model for a reinforced concrete frame was established and in parallel, a group of simplified models were established for the same structure according to the particular characteristics of the subjected load such as impact load, dynamic load and quasi-static load, to investigate their dynamic behaviors. Results show that it is reasonable to introduce the simplified models for reinforced concrete frame in analysis work.

In foregoing study, a new phenomenon of the local dent of upper face sheet occurs in the simulation of dynamic response of sandwich plate subjected to blast loading. The reason and the effect of local dent on energy absorption are not ascertained. In this paper, two kind of square honeycomb plate with the cell wall thickness of 1mm and 0.5mm and with the same mass are modeled. And the dynamic response of both plates subjected to blast loading is simulated using LS-DYNA. For the thicker cell wall (1mm), the local dent is obvious while for the thinner cell wall (0.5mm), the local dent is not obvious and can be ignored. In addition, curves of the ratio of the maximum deflection of lower face sheet of sandwich plate to monolithic solid plate vs the mass of TNT charge as well as the ratio of internal energy are obtained. The results indicate that the local dent has the contribution to the energy absorption of sandwich plate especially in early time and the sandwich plate with the core of thinner cell wall has more effective capacity in blast-resistance than that with the core of thicker cell wall.

The development study of blast containment vessels for anti-terrorism has been conducted. The goal of this study is to develop safe disposal vessel for 10 kg of explosives. Considering of the use at the airport or railroad stations, it needs to be more compact compared with the conventional explosion chamber. By introducing both the internal structure and attenuation technology in the vessel, sufficient blast proof ability to contain internal explosion is realized. The blast containment vessel can be used repeatedly by exchanging the internal structure. To realize these concepts, model experiments were carried out using high speed photography, strain and pressure measurements. By introducing these technologies, the vessel for the 1 kg of explosive materials has been made, and the experiments employing 1 kg C4 explosive have been conducted. Finally, the compact blast containment vessel for 10 kg explosives was made, and its blast proof ability was shown by the internal blast test.

This paper primarily presents the automation computational analysis techniques to determine the dynamic stress intensity factor for the stiffened damaged aircraft fuselage subjected to triangle blast load. 3-dimention panel models can be created using parameterization and the dynamic stress intensity factor can be obtained in the procedure of the blast automatically. A typical stiffened curved panel model which consists of 7 frames and 8 stringers is calculated. The calculation results show that the peak SIF value of the crack in the panel with strips under blast load is always smaller than that without strips for all longitudinal crack lengths; the strips can slow down the crack growth markedly and the effect of the strips on SIF is most obvious when the crack tips are close to the edge of strips; the blast load time has effect on the SIF peak value, and the effect is most significant when the load time is about 25 milliseconds for the panel with strips.

Displacement-controlled design method is now being used by current guidelines such as TM5 and ASCE to design RC members against airblast load. If the maximum deflection of the designed member under airblast loads is less than the allowable deflection, the designed member is considered to be safe. Although the displacement-controlled design method is easy to use, it may not result in a design having maximum energy-absorption capacity against airblast loads, especially for a design of a reinforced ultra-high performance fibre concrete (RUHPFC) member which is of both high strength and high ductility, that is, high energy-absorption capacity. In this paper, a layered analysis model allowing for varying strain rates with time as well as along the depth of the member was used to calculate energy-absorption of a simple supported RUHPFC slab under airblast loads. An optimal reinforcement ratio of the slab was achieved by maximizing the energy absorption of the slab under different reinforcement ratios. The energy-controlled design method was validated by field blast tests. Using the validated design method, a designed slab with the optimal reinforcement ratio was also tested and the effectiveness of the design was demonstrated.

With elastic theory and approximate calculation, the dynamic responses of elastic thin plates with four edges simply supported under blast loading is analyzed in this paper , with dimensional analysis , 30 cases are calculated, and a reasonable model of engineering calculation is built up in the end.

This paper primarily presents the development and application of automation computational analysis techniques to determine the dynamic stress intensity factor for the damaged aircraft fuselage subjected to triangle blast load. A program based on automated procedure to simulate cracked fuselage is developed. It may create 3-dimention panel model using parameterization. The stress around the crack tips will be captured and the dynamic stress intensity factor can be obtained at every moment of the blast automatically. A typical curved panel model which consists of 7 frames and 8 stringers is calculated. The calculation results shown that the form of the dynamic SIF curve is similar to that of the triangle load curve while the peak point of dynamic SIF curve occurs a little later than that of the load curve due to the inertia effect. The longer the crack is, the more obvious the effect is. The peak SIF value of the crack under blast load is bigger than that under the static load for certain crack length. The longer the crack is, the bigger the difference between the dynamic peak SIF value and static SIF is. At the same time, the load time has effect on the dynamic SIF curve and its peak value. These results show good agreements with theoretical principles.

Rock masses usually contain intermittent joints. The existence of joints not only significantly affects the static properties of rock masses, but also their dynamic response and stability under blast waves. The present study focuses on investigating the fundamental fracture characteristics of intermittent jointed rock masses subjected to blast loading. A series of blasting tests were conducted on organic glass samples. The results are analyzed in order to obtain the characteristics of initiation, propagation and coalescence of wing cracks in rock bridges. The study indicates that the fracture behavior of intermittent jointed rock masses may be significantly affected by the preliminary static stress fields, the density and filling states of rock joints, the incident angles of blast waves relative to the joints, and the amplitudes of incident waves. From visual observation, three initiation modes and four coalescence modes of wing cracks are suggested. Finally, a comparison has been made between the fracture characteristics of intermittent jointed rock masses under single static stress field and that of under blast loading.