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The application of fabricated segmental lining in deeply buried inclined shafts in complex strata has been significantly increased in recent years. However, the structural safety of the fabricated lining is vulnerable to high ground stress and high water pressure, as well as the vibration of mechanical equipment and ground disturbance caused by coal mining. Thus, applying an automatic load-monitoring system to the inclined shaft in coal mines has great engineering importance in evaluating structural safety. In this study, an automatic monitoring and data transmission system for the inclined shaft was developed. In addition, by considering the non-linear characteristics of segment joints and different working states of concrete segments, a more functional assessment method was proposed based on the limit state assessment theory. According to the in situ monitoring project in the number 2 inclined shaft of Bulianta coal mine in China, the calculated internal forces are in good agreement with the monitored data, and the proposed assessment method shows reliable results during the operation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]