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Introduction: Ileocolic resection (ICR) is the most common surgical procedure performed for Crohn's disease (CD). Similarly, right-sided Colorectal cancer (CRC) is treated by the same operation. The primary aim of this study was to analyze and compare the frequency and profile of early postoperative complications of ICR between patients with CD and CRC. Methods: Retrospective and observational study with patients submitted to ICR from two Brazilian tertiary referral units in colorectal surgery. We included patients with diagnosis of CD or CRC, treated with ICR, at any stage of follow-up. Variables analyzed: age at surgery, gender, diagnosis, surgical approach (open or laparoscopy), type of anastomosis (hand-sewn/stapled; end-to-end/side-to-side), presence and type of early postoperative complications (30 days) and mortality, among others. Results: 109 patients were included, 73 with CD (67%) and 36 with CRC (33%). CD patients were younger (42.44 ± 12.73 years vs. 66.14 ± 11.02 years in the CRC groups, p

Introduction: Postoperative endoscopic recurrence (PER) is the initial event after intestinal resection in Crohn's disease (CD), and after a few years most patients present with progressive symptoms and complications related to the disease. The identification of risk factors for PER can help in the optimization of postoperative therapy and contribute to its prevention. Methods: Retrospective, longitudinal, multicenter, observational study involving patients with CD who underwent ileocolic resections. The patients were allocated into two groups according to the presence of PER and the variables of interest were analyzed to identify the associated factors for recurrence. Results: Eighty-five patients were included in the study. The mean period of the first postoperative colonoscopy was 12.8 (3–120) months and PER was observed in 28 patients (32.9%). There was no statistical difference in relation to gender, mean age, duration of CD, family history, previous intestinal resections, smoking, Montreal classification, blood transfusion, residual CD, surgical technique, postoperative complications, presence of granulomas at histology, specimen extension and use of postoperative biological therapy. The preoperative use of corticosteroids was the only variable that showed a significant difference between the groups in univariate analysis, being more common in patients with PER (42.8% vs. 21%; p = 0.044). Conclusions: PER was observed in 32.9% of the patients. The preoperative use of corticosteroids was the only risk factor associated with PER in this observational analysis. Resumo: Introdução: Recorrência endoscópica pós-operatória (REP) é evento inicial após ressecções intestinais na doença de Crohn (DC) e grande parte dos pacientes progride com sintomas e complicações relacionados à doença em alguns anos. A identificação dos fatores de risco para REP pode auxiliar na otimização da terapia pós-operatória e contribuir para sua prevenção. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, multicêntrico e observacional, realizado com pacientes portadores de DC, submetidos à ressecção ileocólica. Os pacientes foram alocados em dois grupos de acordo com a presença de REP e as variáveis de interesse foram analisadas a fim de se identificar os fatores associados à recorrência. Resultados: Oitenta e cinco pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. O tempo médio da primeira colonoscopia pós-operatória foi de 12,8 (3-120) meses e REP foi observada em 28 pacientes (32,9%). Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação a gênero, média de idade, duração da DC, história familiar, ressecção intestinal prévia, tabagismo, classificação de Montreal, transfusão sanguínea, DC residual, técnica cirúrgica, complicações pós-operatórias, presença de granuloma, extensão do espécime e utilização de biológicos após a cirurgia. O uso pré-operatório de corticosteroides foi a única variável que apresentou significativa diferença na análise univariada, sendo mais frequente nos pacientes que apresentaram REP (42.8% vs. 21%, p = 0.044). Conclusões: REP foi observada em 32.9% dos pacientes. A utilização pré-operatória de corticosteroides foi o único fator associado à REP nesta análise observacional. Keywords: Crohn disease, Recurrence, Risk factors, Palavras-chave: Doença de Crohn, Recorrência, Fatores de risco

In spite of recent advances regarding equipment and surgical techniques in colorectal surgery, rates of anastomotic dehiscence (AD) have remained stable throughout the years. The development of products to protect anastomosis aiming the reduction of AD rates has shown to be promising. Human fibrinogen and thrombin patch (HFTP Tachosil®) have been used in experimental studies in animals and small case series in humans, with promising results. In this study, the authors describe the technique of HFTP use in details, aiming the protection of colorectal anastomosis, and retrospectively demonstrate the preliminary results in a pilot case series. HFTP was used in 4 patients submitted to conventional surgery. The procedures performed were: left colon resection, segmental colectomy (both for colorectal cancer), enteral anastomosis for fistula closure and right ileocolectomy. Anastomotic healing and absence of complications were observed in 3 patients, and the patient submitted to right ileocolectomy developed AD and died after reoperation. The use of HFTP is safe and can be indicated in selected cases. However, AD can occur even after the use of this strategy. Randomized controlled trials with larger samples of patients are needed in order to properly define the real benefits of this strategy in dehiscence prevention Resumo: Apesar dos avanços em equipamentos e técnica cirúrgica na cirurgia colorretal, os índices de deiscência de anastomose (DA) tem permanecido estáveis nos últimos anos. O desenvolvimento de produtos que visam proteção das anastomoses para redução das taxas de DA tem se mostrado promissor. A membrana de fibrinogênio e trombina humanos (MFTH) vem sendo utilizada em estudos experimentais e em pequenas séries de casos em humanos, com resultados promissores. Neste artigo os autores detalham a descrição técnica da utilização da MFTH na proteção de anastomoses colorretais, e demonstram os resultados preliminares em uma série de casos inicial, de forma retrospectiva. A MFTH foi utilizada em 4 pacientes para proteção das anastomoses, todos operados por via de acesso convencional. Os procedimentos realizados foram: retossigmoidectomia abdominal, colectomia segmentar, enteroanastomose para fechamento de fístula enteral e ileocolectomia direita. Observou-se cicatrização das anastomoses em 3 casos, e DA com necessidade de reoperação e óbito no paciente submetido a ileocolectomia direita. A utilização da MFTH para proteção de anastomoses colorretais é segura, e pode ser utilizada em casos selecionados. DA pode ocorrer mesmo com a utilização da membrana. Aguarda-se estudos randomizados e controlados com maior amostragem de pacientes para se avaliar o real papel dessa estratégia na prevenção da deiscência. Keywords: Anastomosis surgical, Colorectal surgery, Dehiscence surgical wound, Palavras-chave: Anastomose cirúrgica, Cirurgia colorretal, Deiscência da ferida operatória

Background: significant advances in medical therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) occurred in the last 12 years, mainly due to the introduction of anti-TNF therapy. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery represented the most important advance on surgical treatment in the management of CD, as it also had developed in the treatment of other conditions. There is a tendency for lower complication rates after laparoscopic bowel resections as compared to open surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the complication rates after bowel resections for CD between the two approaches in a Brazilian case series. Methods: this was a retrospective longitudinal study, including CD patients submitted to bowel resections from a single Brazilian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) referral center, treated between January 2008 and June 2012 with laparoscopic approach (LA) or conventional approach (CA). Variables analyzed: age at surgery, gender, Montreal classification, smoking, concomitant medication, type of surgery, surgical approach, presence and type of complication up to 30 days after the procedures. Readmission and reoperation rates, as well as mortality, were also analyzed. Patients were allocated in two groups regarding the type of procedure (LA or CA), and complication rates and characteristics were compared. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney test (quantitative variables) and chi-square test (qualitative variables), with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: a total of 46 patients (25 men) were included (16 submitted to LA), with mean age of 38.1 (± 12.7) years. The groups were considered homogeneous according to age, gender, CD location, perianal disease and concomitant medications. There were more patients with fistulizing CD on the CA group (p = 0.029). The most common procedure performed was ileocolic resection on both groups (56.7% of the CA and 75% of the LA patients – p = 0.566). Overall, total complications (surgical and medical, including minor and major issues) oc- curred in 60% (18/30) of the CA group and 12.5% (2/16) of the LA group (p = 0.002). Wound in- fection was the most frequent complication (10/30 on CA and 1/16 on the LA groups). There were 3 deaths in the CA group. Specific analysis of each complication did not demonstrate any difference between the groups regarding abdominal sepsis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, readmission, reoperations and deaths (p = 0.074). Conclusions: there was a higher complication rate in patients operated with CA as compared to LA. This was probably due to patient selection for the laparoscopic approach, with severe cases, mostly due to fistulizing abdominal CD, being operated mainly by open surgery. LA tends to be the recommended approach in most cases of non-complicated CD. Resumo: Introdução: avanços significativos no tratamento medicamentoso da doença de Crohn (DC) ocorreram nos últimos 12 anos, principalmente após a introdução da terapia anti-TNF. A cirurgia laparoscópica colorretal representa um dos maiores progressos no tratamento ci- rúrgico minimamente invasivo da DC, bem como no manejo de outras afecções. Existe uma tendência a menores taxas de complicações com as ressecções intestinais laparoscópicas quando comparadas a cirurgia convencional. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e compa- rar as taxas de complicações após ressecções intestinais na DC entre as duas vias de acesso em uma série de casos brasileira. Método: estudo retrospectivo longitudinal, incluindo pacientes com DC submetidos a ressecções intestinais em um centro de referência brasileiro em doença inflamatória intesti- nal (DII), tratados entre janeiro de 2008 e junho de 2012, com cirurgia laparoscópica (CL) ou cirurgia convencional (CC). As variáveis analisadas foram: idade no momento da cirurgia, gênero, classificação de Montreal, tabagismo, medicações concomitantes, tipo de cirurgia, via de acesso, presença e tipo de complicação em até 30 dias do procedimento. Readmissão, reoperações e mortalidade também foram avaliadas. Os pacientes foram alocados em dois grupos de acordo com a via de acesso (CL ou CC), sendo as taxas de complicações compa- radas entre si. Análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes de Mann-Whitney (variáveis quantitativas) e chi-quadrado (qualitativas), com p