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There is a current understanding of type 1 diabetes (T1D) as being the result of a heterogeneous disease of whole pancreas. So far, descriptions of pancreas alterations suggested a global involvement of inflammation throughout the organ, characterized by abnormal age-specific patterns (i.e. > or 0.05) decrease of PI (0.6±0.2 vs 1.1±0.3 mL/kg, p0.05). PVTAIL positively correlated with CPEPEST and CPEPBASAL at Δ+3 months (R=0.55, p=0.002; R=0.47, p0.05). PVBODY did not correlate with any pancreatic function. Finally, we identified multivariate models that included PV and predicted pancreatic endocrine function at Δ+6 and +12 months (i.e. IDAA1C, HbA1C). MRI performed early after T1D onset helped us define specific pancreas alterations and demonstrate for the first time: (1) the increased pancreas atrophy in prepubertal children; (2) correlations between pancreatic subregion volumes and their respective residual functions early after diagnosis and (3) the improvement of endocrine function prediction models by adding PV estimates as predictors. (1) Wentworth et al. 2019;62(1): 33–40 Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m., Sunday, June 12, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 1:05 p.m.

Context: Obesity in childhood is associated with an increased mortality due to cardiovascular (CV) diseases in adulthood, independent of adult weight. Recent studies in children indicate that the atherosclerosis process starts at an early age and is linked to obesity. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate determinants of increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), an early marker of atherosclerosis, in obese children. Design: A total of 104 obese children [age, 12.7 ± 0.2 yr; body mass index (BMI)-z-score, 2.8 ± 0.7] underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting levels of glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein and adhesion molecules (sICAM, sVCAM, sE-selectin), lipid profile, adiponectin, and resistin were determined. IMT was measured by ultrasound. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostatic model assessment index. Baseline measurements of blood parameters were obtained from 93 nonobese children (age, 13.0 ± 0.2 yr; BMI-z-score, −0.2 ± 0.9), and IMT was measured in 23 other control children with similar characteristics. Results: Univariate analysis showed a significant positive correlation between IMT and relative BMI, the degree of systolic hypertension, fasting insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment-R index, and resistin concentrations, whereas an inverse correlation with adiponectin levels was found. No correlation was obtained between IMT and classical CV risk factors such as positive familial history of type 2 diabetes or precocious CV disease, visceral obesity, or the lipid profile. C-reactive protein and adhesion molecule levels were not associated with IMT in our obese population. When controlled for sex, Tanner stage, and relative BMI, only adiponectin levels remained an independent determinant of IMT. Conclusion: Adiponectin more than conventional CV risk factors and inflammation status may be related to early atherosclerosis in obese children.